上流式曝气生物滤池脱氮性能研究

文章对单级上流式曝气生物滤池的脱氮性能进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,在进水有机负荷为4～12kgCOD/(m3·d)、水力负荷1～4m3/(m2·h)及气水比1∶1～5∶1的工艺条件下,COD和NH3-N的去除率达到70%～86%和53%～79%。在水力负荷较低时,控制气水比可以实现同步硝化反硝化。     

两种不同填料BAF进行污水深度处理的效能及运行特性

填料性能对曝气生物滤池的处理效能、基建投资和运行费用等有着重要的影响,为了考察国产球形生物陶粒在污水深度处理中的应用效果,探讨其工程应用前景,对国产球形生物陶粒和进口专利填料BIOLITES在曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理城市污水厂二级出水的应用效果及反应器运行特征进行了对比研究。试验结果表明,国产球形生物陶粒与进口专利BIOLITES填料BAF对城市污水厂二级出水中COD、浊度和NH3-N的去除效能基本相同,平均去除率与水力停留时间呈正相关关系,当水力停留时间为2h时,两种填料BAF处理水水质均满足生活杂用水水质标准。国产球形生物陶粒BAF在运行周期和反冲洗等方面比进口专利BIOLITES填料稍具优势。     

缺氧变速酶促生物滤池工艺处理城市污水的生产性试验研究

本试验为缺氧变速酶促生物滤池工艺生产性试验,示范工程位于重庆某污水处理厂内,规模为2×104m3/d,共计20格滤池,单池设计工艺参数如下:水力停留时间4 h,尺寸7.0 m×7.0 m×5.0 m,填料层厚度2.0 m,冲洗强度10 L/m2.s.试验表明滤池进水COD 264 m g/L,出水182 m g/L,COD平均去除率为31.1%,填料层HRT为2.0 h是较优的填料层HRT,填料层容积负荷N v为1.9~2.4(kgCOD/(m3.d))时,COD去除率稳定在30%~40%之间.     

应用于糖果生产废水处理的两段厌氧工艺研究

设计了两段厌氧处理系统来处理糖果废水，该系统由升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）和降流式厌氧生物滤池（DFAF）组成. UASB和DFAF反应器分别在35℃和室温(22～25℃)下运行，系统水力停留时间是2.4d. 在有机负荷12.5kgCOD/m³·d时系统COD去除率为98％，并且在高有机负荷情况下UASB仍能获得较好的处理效果. 通过回流可以调节UASB反应器进水COD质量浓度保持在30g/L以下. 系统DFAF反应器出水COD质量浓度维持在400mg/L以下，并能有效缓冲UASB反应器出水的波动.     

二级曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的研究

以球形陶粒为曝气生物滤池的生物载体,进行城市污水处理的半工业试验,考察了滤速、气水比、冲击负荷、反冲洗等因素对曝气生物滤池工作性能的影响。结果表明：在装置规模为12m^3／d,水温为(20-23．5)℃,滤速为(6．09～8．21)m／h,碳化柱和硝化柱气水比分别为1：1和2：1,进水COD为(120-338)mg／L,NH4^ -N为(30．0～53．6)mg／L的条件下,出水达到生活杂用水的标准;冲击负荷和反冲洗对滤池出水水质没有显著的影响。     

红霉素生产废水处理试验研究

利用UASB反应器处理红霉素废水试验运行结果表明:通过控制进水中COD浓度和对厌氧污泥有效的培养驯化,红霉素生产废水可以被有效处理,进水COD为6700-7500mg/L,出水COD为820-1000mg/L,反应器水力停留时间25h,容积负荷达到3-4.5kgCOD/(m3.d),COD去除率达到88%.     

ABR-BAF组合工艺处理大蒜切片废水

研究了厌氧折流板反应器(anaerobic baffled reactor, ABR)与曝气生物滤池(biological aerated filter,BAF)的组合工艺处理大蒜切片废水的运行特点。结果表明：ABR的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为24?h,有机负荷(COD)小于6?kg/m3·d为宜,COD的平均去除率可达87%;BAF的最佳HRT为16?h,最佳气水比为10∶1,进水有机负荷(COD)宜保持在1.1～1.4?kg/m3·d,COD的平均去除率为82.0%。ABR BAF组合工艺COD总去除率保持在98.4%～98.7%之间,出水的COD质量浓度为79～94?mg/L,出水水质满足GB8978 1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的实验研究

采用陶粒为滤料的曝气生物滤池处理生活污水,考察水力停留时间(HRT)、曝气量、pH值对处理效果的影响.实验结果表明,在水力停留时间为3~6 h时,对出水COD去除率可达83.7%~90%,对氨氮去除率可达85%以上;在曝气量为0.08~032 m3/h时,对出水COD去除率可达到83.4%~86.8%,出水氨氮最高去除率可达85.2%.pH值在6.57~8.72之间对COD、氨氮基本没有影响.曝气生物滤池处理的生活污水出水COD、氨氮均可达到国家二级出水的标准.     

曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的中试研究

通过中试系统的运行,研究了表面水力负荷q、温度及气水比等工程控制参数对曝气生物滤池处理城市污水效果的影响。结果表明,温度对微生物的代谢水平具有显著影响,适宜的温度应控制在不小于15℃水平;在20℃的条件下,即便在q高达3.0m3/(m2·h)时,其出水的SS,COD和NH4 -N浓度也可分别保持在15mg/L,60mg/L,18mg/L以下;在q为3.0m3/(m2·h),20℃的条件下,曝气生物滤池用于处理生活污水时,气水比控制为3是比较合理的。     

复合式折流板厌氧反应器处理城市污水

采用弹性立体填料的复合式折流板厌氧反应器处理城市污水 .研究结果表明 ,该装置处理城市污水效果显著 .当进水COD在 87- 32 0mg L范围内 (平均 2 2 7mg L)变化 ,水力停留时间大于 5 .2h ,反应系统的容积负荷小于 0 .86kgCOD (m3·d)时 ,常温下COD去除率大于 6 0 % ,出水COD平均为 81mg L ,SS去除率大于77.8% ,出水SS小于 30mg L ;反应系统在试验条件下温度与溶解性COD去除率成正相关 .试验还得出了系统处理城市污水溶解性BOD去除率随HRT变化的降解动力学模式 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the