Die Blutdruckwirkung des N-Isopropyl-nor-adrenalins

Summary N-Isopropyl-nor-adrenaline (aleudrine), which normally reduces the blood pressure, exerts after treatment with parasympathetic stimulants, especially after pilocarpine, an increase of the blood pressure, which is considerably stronger than that produced by adrenaline. This pressor effect of aleudrine is, contrary to the hypotensive action, cholinergic as it is abolished by atropine, whereas it remains fully unaffected by nicotinization. The pressor effect of aleudrine thus corresponds to the analogous action of choline, the mechanism of which was elucidated byForst.

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(Aleudrin)     

Über die metabolischen wirkungen einiger neuerβ-adrenergischer Stimulatoren

Summary Actions of various adrenergic drugs (adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, metaproterenol, terbutaline, salbutamol, soterenol, quinterenol, chlorprenaline) on the glycemia and on free fatty acids of the rat have been described.

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Der Autor dankt fÜr die technische Mitarbeit den Herren B.Ungaro, L.Giordano und C.Vacca sowie fÜr die freundliche Überlassung von Noradrenalin, Adrenalin, Isoprenalin, Metaproterenol und Kö 592 der C. H. Boehringer Sohn A.G., von Terbutalin der AB Draco-Astra, von Salbutamol der Allen and Hanburys Ltd., von Soterenol dem Mead Johnson Res. Center, von Chlorprenalin den Lilly Res. Lab. und von Quinterenol der Chas. Pfizer Co.     

Prévention de l'œdème aigu expérimental du poumon par un antihistaminique de synthèse dérivé de la thiodiphénylamine

Summary N-dimethylamino-2-propyl-1-phenothiazine (3277 R.P.) has been shown to possess an antihistamine and anti-anaphylactic activity that is unequaled up to now.Hypodermic preventive injections regularly protect the rabbit against acute pulmonary dema provoked by epinephrine. An intravenous injection of this substance made 3 to 4 minutes after an intravenous injection of epinephrine, that is at the time an acute pulmonary dema seems to begin, is able to prevent fatal consequences.The hypertensive action of adrenaline, and the resulting dilatation of the heart is not prevented by the phenothiazine derivative.The antihistamine substance seems to exercise an effect on capillary permeability when preventing acute pulmonary dema.

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B. N. Halpern, Arch. int. Pharmacol. Thér.74, 314 (1947); J. Allergy18, 263, 272 (1947).     

Interaction between sugars and amino acids in intestinal absorption by rat,in vivo

Summary The inhibitory action ofl-leucine on the intestinal absorption ofd-glucose andd-galactose, as well as the inhibitory action ofd-galactose on the absorption ofl-leucine at various concentrations by rat small intestine has been studied. The further effect was more clearly evidenced when the medium was perfunded through the intestine in a closed circuit system using a peristaltic pump.     

Ricerche fisiologiche sulla distribuzione periferica del nervo depressore aortico destro nel cane

Summary The periferal distribution of the right aortic nerve has been studied in physiological experiments on the dog. It has been found that after section of both Hering's nerves and left vago-depressor trunk and after denervation of the baroceptor area ofMuratori-Nonidez lying at the root of the right subclavian artery, the electrical stimulation of one splancnic nerve or the intravenous injection of adrenaline still produces a reflex bradycardia; moreover the cooling of the vagus nerve still results in a rise of the blood pressure. It is inferred that a group of baroceptor fibres of the right aortic nerve originate from areas situated in the aortic region.     

Aspects biochimiques des herbicides à base de triazines

Summary The triazine herbicides are potent inhibitors of theHill reaction, resembling the phenylureas, acylanilides and carbamates. The inhibition of the photosynthesis by the triazines is the most obvious explanation for their mode of action in plant metabolism. Besides this there are also effects on light independent reactions where the effective concentrations are higher than those inhibiting the photosynthesis. Particularly, a positive influence of the triazines on the uptake of the nutrients by the roots was noted. Changes in the nitrogen metabolism of the plants, due to increased uptake of nitrate from the medium, result in a higher content of organic nitrogen in the plants.Several enzyme systems in plants and in micro-organisms are influenced by the triazine herbicides. Until now, the mechanism of action has not been elucidated.Concerning the phenomenon of the selectivity of the triazine herbicides, several factors may be responsible. The different abilities of the plant species to metabolize the herbicide and to translocate it to the active centres in the cells are significant from the biochemical point of view.

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Une partie de ce travail a été présentée lors de la 463^e séance de la Biochemical Society, Aberystwyth, septembre 1966.P. W. Müller, Biochem. J.101, 1P. (1966).Nous tenons à exprimer nos remerciements àR. Truan qui a bien voulu se charger de la version française ainsi qu'àG. Dupuis pour sa participation à la mise au point du manuscrit.     

A new approach to analysis of human sweating

In human skin transplanted to the back of 3 strains of immuno-deficient mice the functin of the eccrine sweat glands of the human transplant was tested by topical intradermal application of pilocarine, adrenaline and atropine+pilocarpine. Sweat responses were observed in pre-selected fields of observation by means of video macroscope. The iodine strarch reaction served as an indicator for the appearance of seat sport and permitted the evaluation of areas wetted by sweat in the field of observation. Among 9 animals tested, the hybrids between the CB-17-scid mouse and the BALB/cA-nu mouse (BALB/cA-nu,scid) seemed to exhibit the most consistent seweating response to local pharmacological stimulation. According to histological examination, eccrine sweat glands were preserved in human skin trasplanted into the back skin of the BALB/cA-nu,scid mouse strain. the heterologous, human skin graft provides a novel model permitting, independent of the normal sweat gland innervation, the analysis of moecular receptors of sweat gland cells by which the actions of natural transmitters and pharmacological agents are transduced.     

Establishment of normal diploid and malignant heteroploid cell lines from non-treated and benzo(a)pyrene treated hamster embryo cell cultures

Summary Two normal diploid control cell lines and a heteroploid malignant transformed cell line from B(a) P treated hamster embryo cell cultures were established. The 14-month-old B(a)P transformed cell line grew 8-times faster than the 20-month-old control cell line. The control cell line showed normal diploid chromosome complement in 93% cells and heteroploidy in 7% cells while B(a)P treated line showed 83% heteroploid cells and only 17% diploid cells. This is the first report on the establishment of diploid hamster cell cultures grown for extended period. Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the French Ministry of Quality of Life, by the Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médicale, by the S.E.I.T.A. and by Contract No. 12-14-7001-297 of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Administered by the Athens, Georgia Area, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA. We thank Mr.B. R. Sharma, Mr.E. J. Radin, Dr.R. Hakim and Dr.Ved Brat for their help during this work.     

In vitro synthesis of an ACTH-like hormone and human chorionic somatomammotrophin by placental and amniotic cells

Résumé La synthèse de la somatomammotrophine (HCS) et d'un facteur présentant une réaction immunologique croisée avec l'ACTH a été démontrée dans des cultures de fragments de placenta et de membrane amniotique. Ce facteur est comparable à la corticotrophine chorionique humaine précédemment décrite dans le plasma de femme enceinte et les extraits placentaires.

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Acknowledgements. The authors are indebted to MissA. Müller for her skilfull technical assistance and to MissF. Tapernoux and MissM. C. Evraere for secretarial work. The authors would like to thankA. B. Ferring (Sweden) and Prof.P. Neri of Sclavo Institute (Italy) for their generous gifts of standard hormones.     

Alkaloid studies XXVI. The constitution of pyrifolidine

Zusammenfassung Die Struktur desAspidosperma-Alkaloids Pyrifolidin (I) wird durch Protonresonanz und durch Vergleich mit Aspidospermin und Aspidocarpin bewiesen. Dieses Alkaloid ist in seiner absoluten Konfiguration ein Antipode des Aspidospermins.

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Paper XXV,C. Djerassi, A. A. P. G. Archer, T. George, B. Gilbert, J. N. Shoolery, andL. F. Johnson, Exper.16, 532 (1960).

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Acknowledgement. Financial support has been provided by grant H-5048 of the National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health (U.S. Public Health Service), and by the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (Brazil). The postdoctorate research fellowship ofB. Gilbert in Rio de Janeiro was financed from a grant of the Rockefeller Foundation in support of a collaborative research program between Stanford University and the Instituto de Quimica Agricola, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).     

Wirkungsverstärkung von Adrenalin und Noradrenalin durch Azetylcholin am isolierten Irisdilatator des Kaninchens

Summary Radial strips of the isolated iris of rabbits were suspended in streaming Tyrode's solution and their contractions were registered isometrically. The contractions produced by adrenaline or noradrenaline were increased after the administration of eserine or neostigmine. Acetylcholine in a concentration 5.10^–7–5.10^–6 M enhanced the effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on both, the normal and the chronically denervated dilator muscle. Acetylcholine did not enhance the contractions by adrenaline and noradrenaline in the presence of atropine. Choline in a concentration of 5.10^–6 M had no effect whereas concentrations of 5.10^–5 M were slightly effective.     

Canescin,ein mit Reserpin wirkungsgleiches Alkaloid ausRauwolfia canescens

Summary Canescine or 11-Desmethoxyreserpine, a new alkaloid isolated byStoll andHofmann fromRauwolfia canescens has been submitted to a comparative pharmacological study with Reserpine. The circulatory effects obtained with these two alkaloids can practically not be distinguished from each other. Like Reserpine also Canescine exhibits a sedative action and produces pupillary constriction.     

The role of glycine in the biosynthesis of a terpene

Zusammenfassung Mit doppelt markiertem Glycin konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Kohlenstoffatom der Methylgruppe viel besser als das Kohlenstoffatom der Karboxylgruppe in die Isoprengruppe des Ophiobolins B ausCochiobolus miyabeanus eingebaut wird. Die Radioaktivität wird in Ophiobolin B eingebaut, wenn die folgenden Verbindungen verwendet werden: [3-¹⁴C]-Serin, [¹⁴C-Methyl]-Sarcosin, [¹⁴C-Methyl]-Methionin, und [¹⁴C] Formate.

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a)Studies on Biosynthesis. Part V. for Part IV, seeM. Anchel, A. K. Bose, K. S. Khanchandani andP. T. Funke, Phytochem.9, 2135 (1970). b) Presented in part at the 3rd Natural Products Symposium, University of West Indies, Jamaica, January 1970.

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The support of this research by Stevens Institute of Technology is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank Dr.J. H. Davis and Prof.L. Z. Pollara for their interest and encouragement and Drs.H. Levy, P. T. Funke, M. S. Manhas, P. K. Bhattacharyya andM. Anchel for valuable discussions and help with some of the experiments. We are particularly thankful to Dr.L. Canonica for providing us with cultures ofCochiobolus miyabeanus that made our work on ophiobolin B possible.     

Interaction of atropine or methylatropinium with four effects of two cholinergic drugs

Summary In mice, pilocarpine — or oxotremorine — induced decrease in locomotor activity and increase of the reaction time to pain were antagonized by atropine and not by methylatropinium. Identical doses of atropine and methylatropinium suppressed the antagonism of the cholinergics towards reserpine-induced palpebral ptosis. Cholinergics-induced hypothermia was not clearly antagonized by atropine or methylatropinium.     

Etude histochimique de l'action de l'acide acétylsalicylique sur les pseudo-cholinestérases du cerveau du rat

Summary Using an injectable solution of acetyl salicylate lysine salt it was shown that aspirine has an action on the pseudocholinesterases in the brain vessels of the rat. This could help to explain the activity of aspirine in case of platelets aggregation.

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Nous désirons exprimer notre gratitude à Monsieur et MadameJ. P. Rousseau, de l'Institut National de Recherche agronomique qui ont bien voulu nous faire profiter de leur expérience de la technique deKoelle etFriedenwald ³ pour la mise en évidence des cholinestérases.     

Depressor effects of muscarinic and non-muscarinic mediation induced by lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the cat

Transient sympathetically-mediated depressor effects were induced by stimulation of a small locus in the lateral hypothalamic peri-fornical region, medial to the fields of Forel. The ganglionic blocking agent, atropine methyl nitrate (ATMN), was used to show that muscarinic as well as non-muscarinic sympathetic ganglion receptor neurotransmission was involved. Evidence is presented that stimulation of this LH site co-activates a number of mechanisms and that depending on which of these are activated, the ganglionic blocking agent ATMN may either block, reverse or potentiate the depressor effect.     

Eco-physiological studies onZornia diphylla pers. with reference to adaptive seed dormancy

Summary Seeds ofZornia diphylla possess a complex type of dormancy which is of great survival value for the species. Seeds show polymorphism. The optimum temperature for germination explains the cause of its distribution in the tropics. The grazing and scraping promotes the vegetative growth.The author is grateful to Dr.R. Sahai and Dr.R. S. Tripathi, Gorakhpur University, for guidance and to Dr.Y. B. Singh, Principal, and Dr.G. C. Srivastava, Head Dept. Botany, for encouragement and facilities. Thanks are due to my colleagues late SriP. N. Gupta, SriJ. Abraham, SriF. Abbasi, and Dr.A. B. Sinha for their cooperation.     

Depressor effects of muscarinic and non-muscarinic mediation induced by lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat

Summary Transient sympathetically-mediated depressor effects were induced by stimulation of a small locus in the lateral hypothalamic peri-fornical region, medial to the fields of Forel. The ganglionic blocking agent, atropine methyl nitrate (ATMN), was used to show that muscarinic as well as non-muscarinic sympathetic ganglion receptor neurotransmission was involved. Evidence is presented that stimulation of this LH site co-activates a number of mechanisms and that depending on which of these are activated, the ganglionic blocking agent ATMN may either block, reverse or potentiate the depressor effect.     

Tannin und Adrenalin

Summary Tannic acid in concentrations which of themselves have no action potentiates and prolongs the action of adrenaline on the isolated rabbit intestine (inhibitory effect) and on the isolated non-pregnant rabbit uterus (excitatory effect). The adrenaline-pressor effect in the decapitated cat and, in the same species, its stimulant action on the nictitating membrane (either denervated or normal) may also be potentiated by tannic acid. Since the oxidation of adrenalinein vitro is inhibited by tannic acid, it seems that this—in addition to a possible increase of permeability—is mainly responsible for the potentiation of adrenaline.     

Fluorescence of blood cells of the tunicatesPhallusia mamillata andCiona intestinalis

Zusammenfassung Von den Blutzellen derPhallusia mamillata Cuvier zeigen nur die stark vakuolisierten (compartment cells) im UV-Licht eine stabile blaue Fluoreszenz ( _max =5200 und 4600 Å). Sie ist in den Zellgranula lokalisiert. Bei den Blutzellen vonCiona intestinalis L. tritt dagegen eine gelbe Fluoreszenz ( _max = 5900, 5200 und 4600 Å) auf, die nur von den Vanadocyten ausgeht. Diese Fluoreszenz, welche auch von den Testazellen der Oocyten gegeben wird, geht innerhalb einiger Minuten in die blaue Fluoreszenz über.

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This work has been carried out in the Stazione Zoologica, Napoli (director Dr.P. Dohrn) and in the Istituto di Biologia Generale e Genetica della Università di Napoli (director Prof. Dr.B. de Lerma). —M. de Vincentiis wishes to thank Dr,P. Dohrn for placing at his disposal a working place of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma. —W. Rüdiger thanks sincerely the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg, for providing grants, and Prof. Dr.H.-J. Bielig for his interest.