图可重构性的一点注记

设图G的顶点集为{v_1,v_2,…,v_n}.G的途径矩阵D(G)=(d_(ij)是n阶方阵,此处d_(ij)是G中从v_i出发长为j的途径数,D(G)的行向量集X的子集{x_1,x_2,…,x_r}称为X的最小线性相关集,如果{x_1,x_2,…x_r}线性相关且对X的任一(r-1)之子集均是线性无关.称数r为G的最小线性相关数.当X线性无关时,定义G的最小线性相关数r=∞.对1≤i≤n,记d_i为点v_i在G中的次,G_i是图G剔除点v_i以及与v_i关联的边而得到子图.设r_i是G_i的最小线性相关数,我们有下列定理:如果存在某一数i使r_i>2d_i,则G是可重构的.特别,我们重新得到下述结果:如果存在某一子图G_i,使得G_i的所有特征向量均不与C=(1,…,1)_t正交,则G是可重构的.     

可分解算子的一个算子刻划

本文证明了:定理 对T∈B(X),下列三种叙述是等价的:i)T是可分解算子.ii)对σ(T)的每个开覆盖{G_i}1≤i≤n,存在X到X中的算子组{E_i}1≤i≤n,使得(?)E_i=I;E_iX(?)(?)_T(G_i),1≤i≤n;(?),1≤i≤n.iii)对σ(T)的每个开覆盖{G_i)1≤i≤n,存在满足ii)中诸条件的,且为线性算子的组{E_i}1≤i≤n.     

图的一种加权邻接矩阵谱半径和能量的界

图G的一种加权邻接矩阵记为A_db(G)=(a^db_ij)_n×n,若顶点v_i和顶点v_j相邻,则$a_{i j}^{d b}=\frac{d_{i}+d_{j}}{d_{i} d_{j}}$, 反之a^db_ij=0.给出图G的加权谱半径的上下界,并在此基础上给出加权谱半径的Nordhaus-Gaddum-type关系.得到了图G的加权能量的几个上下界,并在此基础上给出加权能量的Nordhaus-Gaddum-type关系.     

由轮生成的Cayley图的广义3-连通度

令S?V(G),κ_G(S)表示图G中内部不交的S-树T_1,T_2,…,T_r的最大数目r,使得对任意i,j∈{1,2,…,r}且i≠j,有V(T_i)∩V(T_j)=S,E(T_i)∩E(T_j)=?.定义κ_k(G)=min{κ_G(S)|S?V(G),且|S|=k}为图G的广义k-连通度,其中k是整数,且2≤k≤n.令Sym(n)是在{1,2,…,n}上的对称群,T是Sym(n)的对换集合.G(T)表示点集是{1,2,…,n},边集是{ij|(ij)∈T}的图.若G(T)是一个轮图,则将Cayley图Cay(Sym(n),T)简记为WG_n.主要研究由轮生成的Cayley图WG_n的广义3-连通度,并证明κ_3(WG_n)=2n-3,其中n≥4.     

三圈图的距离矩阵Inertia

令G是一个点集为V (G)={v_1,v_2,…,v_n}的连通简单图,让d_(ij)=d_G (v_i,v_j)]是图G中点vi和点vj之间的距离,图G的距离矩阵是D(G)=(d_(ij))_(n×n).用n_+(G),n_0(G),n_-(G)分别表示D(G)的所有特征值中正数、零、负数的个数。由此定义D(G)的Inertia为(n_+(G),n_0(G),n_-(G)),并且给出了围长为3的三圈图的距离矩阵的Inertia.     

集染色顶点和集染色边的Folkman数

对于给定的简单图G和正整数a1,a2,…,ak,G→(a1,a2,…,ak);(G→(a1,a2,…,ak);)是指,对于V(G)(E(G))的任意k-染色,其中每个顶点(边)被用{1,…,k}的一个r-子集来染色,存在i∈{1,…,k}和一个阶为ai的完全子图,其中每个顶点(边)被一个包含颜色i的r-子集染色.本文在整数t＞max{a1,a2,…,ak}的条件下,定义并研究下述集染色顶点(边)Folkman数:F(r)v(a1,a2,…,ak;t)=min{[V(G) |:G→(a1,a 2,…,ak)vr且Kt(笙)G}(类似地,Fe(r)(a1,a2,…,ak;t)=min{| V(G)|:G→(a1,a2,…,ak):且Kt(笙)G}).     

集染色顶点和集染色边的Folkman数

对于给定的简单图G和正整数a1,a2,…,ak,G→(a1,a2,…,ak)vr(G→(a1,a2,…,ak)er)是指,对于V(G)(E(G))的任意k-染色,其中每个顶点(边)被用{1,…,k}的一个r-子集来染色,存在i∈{1,…,k}和一个阶为ai的完全子图,其中每个顶点(边)被一个包含颜色i的r-子集染色.本文在整数t>max{a1,a2,…,ak}的条件下,定义并研究下述集染色顶点(边)Folkman数:F(r)v(a1,a2,…,ak;t)=min{|V(G)|:G→(a1,a2,…,ak)vr且KtG}(类似地,F(r)e(a1,a2,…,ak;t)=min{|V(G)|:G→(a1,a2,…,ak)er且KtG}).     

集染色顶点和集染色边的Folkman数（英文）

对于给定的简单图G和正整数a1,a2,…,ak,G→(a1,a2,…,ak)vr(G→(a1,a2,…,ak)er)是指,对于V(G)(E(G))的任意k-染色,其中每个顶点(边)被用{1,…,k}的一个r-子集来染色,存在i∈{1,…,k}和一个阶为ai的完全子图,其中每个顶点(边)被一个包含颜色i的r-子集染色.本文在整数tmax{a1,a2,…,ak}的条件下,定义并研究下述集染色顶点(边)Folkman数:F(r)v(a1,a2,…,ak;t)=min{|V(G)|:G→(a1,a2,…,ak)vr且KtG}(类似地,F(r)e(a1,a2,…,ak;t)=min{|V(G)|:G→(a1,a2,…,ak)er且KtG}).     

J\"{o}rgens-Calabi-Pogorelov 定理的一个推广

本文证明了满足方程 $\det\left(\frac{\partial^{2}u}{\partial \xi_{i}\partial \xi_{j}}\right) = \exp \left\{-\sum d_i \frac{\partial u}{\partial \xi_{i}} - d_0\right\}$ ( 其中 $d_0$, $d_1$,...,$d_n$ 是常数) 的任何光滑严格凸的整体解 $u$ 一定是二次多项式. 我们推广了著名的 J\"{o}rgens-Calabi-Pogorelov 定理.     

二连通图的最长圈

本文证明:设G为n阶2连通图,D(x)={y|y∈V(G),d(x,y)≤2},d_d~*(x)表示D(x)中所有的点的度排成的非减度序列:d_1~*,d_2~*,…,d_j~*,d_(j+1)~*,…,d_(|D(x)|)~*中当下标j=d(x)时的度。δ_0=min{d(x)|x∈V(G)},D(δ_(i-1))={x|x∈V(G),d(x)≥δ(i-1)}(i=1,2,…,k),δ_i=min{d_(d(x))~*|x∈D(δ(i-1))}(i=1,2,…,k)且δ_0<δ_1<δ_2<…<δ_(k-1)≤δ_k,则C(G)≥min{n,2δ_k}。此外也给出δ_k的算法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.