鉴别和校正氧质谱峰污染的方法

本文推导出氧质谱峰高之间的关系和计算氧同位素丰度的公式。用这些公式可以鉴别氧质谱峰是否被污染和计算得正确的峰高值。从而用这些公式可以计算得正确的氧同位素丰度值。实验结果证明这些公式是正确可靠的。     

一种新的检测幽门螺旋杆菌的方法

上海新华医院发展了~(15)N同位素示踪检测幽门螺旋杆菌的新方法,此法灵敏、无损、无放射性,但是~(15)N原子丰度的测定是由昂贵的质谱仪来进行。目前医院中很难使用这类大型精密仪器来作测量。N-130Ⅱ型~(15)N同位素光谱分析仪首次替代质谱仪用于幽门螺杆菌的检测,这一新的测试手段获得了成功。文章介绍了测量方法,光谱仪器,并且给出了实测结果。以质谱值作为标准,光谱法的测量相对误差小于1％,光谱仪较质谱仪大大便宜。     

稳定同位素^13C防伪墨水的研制及检测

将稳定同位素^13C作为一种新型示踪剂加入到打印机墨水中，采用质谱检测方法寻求其最佳浓度。采用含有不同浓度^13C的打印机墨水，用双路进样的质谱方法检测。得到该墨水同位素浓度在大于（1：230）0．4％以上具有稳定的同位素丰度。用稳定同位素^13C作为示踪剂可以开发出大量防伪产品运用到公共安全领域。     

不同银心距分子云的氧同位素18O/17O丰度比的观测研究

星际介质中同位素丰度比18O/17O可以很好地示踪星际介质中元素增丰来自大质量恒星与中小质量恒星的相对抛射量.为了确定银河系不同区域星际介质中的该同位素丰度比,笔者利用JCMT-15 m望远镜,对17个不同银心距(1～16 kpc)恒星形成区的C18O和C17O分子的J=2-1跃迁谱线进行了观测.在其中的11个源,同时探测到了C18O和C17O分子谱线.分析得到了该样本的同位素丰度比18O/17O,发现该丰度比存在一个明显的径向梯度,即该丰度比随着银心距增加而增加,这和之前C18O和C17O J=1-0谱线的观测结果是一致的.但是,由J=2-1谱线得到的同位素比值普遍低于J=1-0的比值.这应该是由于C18O J=2-1谱线比其J=1-0谱线的光厚效应更严重导致的.这也意味着在确定样本的丰度比时,光深效应是不可忽视的.后续对大样本的多条跃迁谱线观测,对准确确定丰度比及其梯度分布非常重要.由观测得到的丰度比梯度越准确,就越能在理论模型研究中对CNO同位素的合成进行更好的限定.     

一种精确实用的光谱测量15N丰度的误差修正方法

针对发射光谱法测量1 5N同位数原子丰度产生误差的原因进行了详细分析 .提出一个四级近似的修正算式 .作者研制的N - 130II型氮同位素光谱仪的数据处理软件采用这一修正方法 ,能自动给出修正好了的测量结果 .通过文中的实验结果可以看出修正值与相应的质谱值 (由精度高一个数量级的质谱仪测量提供 )符合得较好     

鱼耳石的碳、氧稳定同位素成分研究

鱼耳石是沉淀在真骨鱼类内耳中的结石,矿物成分为碳酸盐类的文石.鱼耳石每日生长一条环带,且其形成过程中在文石矿物和鱼生活周围的水体之间达到(或接近于达到)氧同位素平衡,因而18O/16O的同位素分馏与温度密切相关.鱼耳石中的碳同位素分馏与鱼生活周围的水体不平衡,但可以记录鱼类的性成熟和食物源方面的变化.因此,鱼耳石的氧、碳稳定同位素成分(δ18O和δ13C)真实地记录了鱼类的生态环境和变化,可视为一种天然的环境变化的标记.伴随着微取样技术和同位素质谱仪分析灵敏度的提高,鱼耳石的同位素成分研究近年来在渔业和海洋环境重建方面得到了广泛的应用.     

氮同位素丰度及其比值的准确测定

本文提出一种在氮的质谱分析时鉴定质谱峰被污染的方法,即质谱峰平衡法。它是利用质谱的峰值来鉴定它们是否被污染和计算出其被污染的量。从而可以进行必要的和适当的校正。而且选用适当的公式可以计算出正确的同位素丰度、同位素比和德耳塔值。 从产生质谱峰的几率推导出三个鉴定质谱峰有无污染的基本公式。给出八个计算丰度公式和两个计算同位素比公式。 本文最后用实验结果证实各式的正确性。     

碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素分析激光微取样技术

碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素分析激光微取样技术是利用高能聚焦激光束与碳酸盐岩样品作用,热分解产生CO₂气体,经真空提纯净化后送质谱仪分析测定其C、O同位素值。其空间分辨率优于20μm,能有效地对碳酸盐岩各细微组分结构分别取样,以满足同位素地质学研究的需要。经标样测定,δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O的最好分析精度可达±0.22‰(σ),与常规磷酸分解法分析精度相;δ¹³C无明显分馏现象,δ¹⁸O分馏明显,但对同种矿物是一个常量(方解石偏负1.72‰;白云石偏负1.59‰)易于校正。激光微取样主要应用于碳酸盐储集岩样品碳、氧同位素分析,能较好地解释油气储层孔隙演化和成岩过程。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部马家沟组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及意义

对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部马家沟组白云岩和灰岩的碳氧同位素进行测定。结果显示,样品的碳氧同位素值分布较为离散,二者的相关性仅为0.18,氧同位素平均值为-8.34‰;对锰、锶元素含量进行测定,计算ω(Mn)/ω(Sr)平均值为1.4,表明采集样品大部分受后期成岩蚀变影响小,可较好地代表原始地层的沉积特征。马五段、马六段样品的碳氧同位素值变化差异明显:马五段白云岩δ13C在-1.33‰~1.01‰(PDB),δ18O值在-9.58‰~-6.46‰(PDB),为中低负值;马六段灰岩δ13C在-6.75‰~0.92‰(PDB),δ18O值在-11.36‰~-7.33‰(PDB),马六段的碳氧同位素值较马五段离散,且发生了明显的负漂移。Z值与碳同位素值具有较高的相关性,而与氧同位素值相关性低,仅作为该区古盐度变化的相对参考值。碳氧同位素值与Z值所反映的环境信息表明,鄂尔多斯盆地东南部马家沟组马五期为海退期,海水循环性差,气候干旱炎热,处于蒸发环境,海水盐度较高。马六期形成的灰岩由于长期裸露地表,受到大气淡水淋滤作用的影响,角砾泥晶灰岩发育,其碳氧同位素值较低。     

元素分析仪-稳定同位素比例质谱仪的使用及维护

元素分析仪-稳定同位素比例质谱仪具有灵敏、快速、高效、便捷等特点,在同位素自然丰度和示踪分析方面得到广泛应用。元素分析仪-稳定同位素比例质谱仪的科学管理和正确使用维护,是获得良好测试数据和延长仪器使用寿命的前提和基础。介绍了元素分析仪-稳定同位素比例质谱仪的工作原理和操作流程,并对使用过程中出现的问题提出了应对策略。此外,还对元素分析仪-同位素比例质谱仪使用过程中的日常维护和注意事项进行了阐述。     

CO self-shielding as the origin of oxygen isotope anomalies in the early solar nebula

The abundances of oxygen isotopes in the most refractory mineral phases (calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions, CAIs) in meteorites have hitherto defied explanation. Most processes fractionate isotopes by nuclear mass; that is, 18O is twice as fractionated as 17O, relative to 16O. In CAIs 17O and 18O are nearly equally fractionated, implying a fundamentally different mechanism. The CAI data were originally interpreted as evidence for supernova input of pure 16O into the solar nebula, but the lack of a similar isotope trend in other elements argues against this explanation. A symmetry-dependent fractionation mechanism may have occurred in the inner solar nebula, but experimental evidence is lacking. Isotope-selective photodissociation of CO in the innermost solar nebula might explain the CAI data, but the high temperatures in this region would have rapidly erased the signature. Here we report time-dependent calculations of CO photodissociation in the cooler surface region of a turbulent nebula. If the surface were irradiated by a far-ultraviolet flux approximately 10(3) times that of the local interstellar medium (for example, owing to an O or B star within approximately 1 pc of the protosun), then substantial fractionation of the oxygen isotopes was possible on a timescale of approximately 10(5) years. We predict that similarly irradiated protoplanetary disks will have H2O enriched in 17O and 18O by several tens of per cent relative to CO.     

A non-terrestrial 16O-rich isotopic composition for the protosolar nebula

The discovery in primitive components of meteorites of large oxygen isotopic variations that could not be attributed to mass-dependent fractionation effects has raised a fundamental question: what is the composition of the protosolar gas from which the host grains formed? This composition is probably preserved in the outer layers of the Sun, but the resolution of astronomical spectroscopic measurements is still too poor to be useful for comparison with planetary material. Here we report a precise determination of the oxygen isotopic composition of the solar wind from particles implanted in the outer hundreds of nanometres of metallic grains in the lunar regolith. These layers of the grains are enriched in 16O by >20 +/- 4 per thousand relative to the Earth, Mars and bulk meteorites, which implies the existence in the solar accretion disk of reactions--as yet unknown--that were able to change the 17O/16O and 18O/16O ratios in a way that was not dependent strictly on the mass of the isotope. Photochemical self-shielding of the CO gas irradiated by ultraviolet light may be one of these key processes, because it depends on the abundance of the isotopes, rather than their masses.     

Isotopic homogeneity of iron in the early solar nebula.

The chemical and isotopic homogeneity of the early solar nebula, and the processes producing fractionation during its evolution, are central issues of cosmochemistry. Studies of the relative abundance variations of three or more isotopes of an element can in principle determine if the initial reservoir of material was a homogeneous mixture or if it contained several distinct sources of precursor material. For example, widespread anomalies observed in the oxygen isotopes of meteorites have been interpreted as resulting from the mixing of a solid phase that was enriched in 16O with a gas phase in which 16O was depleted, or as an isotopic 'memory' of Galactic evolution. In either case, these anomalies are regarded as strong evidence that the early solar nebula was not initially homogeneous. Here we present measurements of the relative abundances of three iron isotopes in meteoritic and terrestrial samples. We show that significant variations of iron isotopes exist in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials. But when plotted in a three-isotope diagram, all of the data for these Solar System materials fall on a single mass-fractionation line, showing that homogenization of iron isotopes occurred in the solar nebula before both planetesimal accretion and chondrule formation.     

金山岭长城矿水床的成因

从地质、水文地质条件、矿泉水化学成分各方面探讨了金山岭长城矿水床的成因。从矿泉水的氢氧同位素H~2、O~13和H~3的含量,揭示了矿水床的补给水源、补给时期、补给高程和补给位置。矿泉水的主要化学成分验证了矿水床的蓄水构造和深循环条件。     

Constraining the atmospheric N2O budget from intramolecular site preference in N2O isotopomers

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere. It is an active greenhouse gas in the troposphere and it also controls ozone concentration in the stratosphere through nitric oxide production. One way to trace the geochemical cycle of N2O is by measuring the natural abundance of stable isotopes, namely 15N and 18O (refs 2-15). Here we report the intramolecular distribution of 15N within the linear NNO molecule, determined by measuring molecular and fragment ions of N2O on a modified mass spectrometer. This revealed a preference for 15N at the central N position, or alpha-site, within N2O isotopomers (isotope-containing molecules). Moreover, this preference varied significantly throughout the atmosphere. In the troposphere, low alpha-site preference indicates local emission of N2O from soils and fossil-fuel combustion, each with distinct isotopomer signatures, which then mixes with background N2O. In the stratosphere, on the other hand, loss of N2O is observed as enhanced alpha-site preference for 15N, due to fractionation during ultraviolet photolysis of N2O. We have constructed an atmospheric mass balance of N2O, incorporating isotopomer abundance, which shows that the intramolecular distribution of 15N is a parameter that has the potential to increase significantly the resolution with which sources and sinks of N2O can be identified and quantified in the atmosphere.     

轮古西地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层碳、氧同位素地球化学特征

中—下奥陶统鹰山组碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层是塔里木盆地轮古西地区的主要油气产层 .为了弄清储层的成因类型、储层古岩溶过程中的流体性质和古水文条件 ,为预测和评价此类储层提供有关的地球化学信息 ,讨论了储层形成过程中记录的碳、氧稳定同位素特征 .结果表明 :轮古西地区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层中的δ13C和δ18O值的变化范围较大 ,δ13C值为 -0 .70‰～ -6.5 0‰ ,平均值 -1 .76‰ ;δ18O值为 -3 .75‰～ -1 7.1 0‰ ,平均值 -9.42‰ .碳酸盐岩基质、冲积岩和方解石胶结物的δ13C和δ18O分布具有一定的差异 .三类样品的δ18O值均具有明显偏负特征 ,表明在碳酸盐岩成岩过程中受到大气成因的淡水影响 ,反映了当时的风化壳岩溶成岩环境 .冲积岩样品的δ13C值的偏负程度较高 ,其物源可能来自石炭—二叠系地层     

60 MeV/u18O与232Th反应的Ba同位素产生截面

60MeV/u18O离子与232Th反应产生放射性Ba同位素。通过3次BaCl2沉淀,将Ba从大量的Th和其他反应产物混合物中分离出来。使用离线!谱学方法完成Ba样品!活性的测量。根据各个Ba同位素的特征!射线峰的活度和其他相关数据,得到Ba同位素的产生截面。     

四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区水体氢氧同位素与水化学特征

【目的】了解若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区水环境特征、水体补给关系,为合理保护和改善湿地水生态环境提供理论参考。【方法】采用液态水/水汽同位素分析仪测定了氢氧稳定同位素丰度,通过离子色谱仪测定八大离子水化学特征指标,对若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区不同水体(降水、河水、沼泽水、地下水)的化学参数和氢氧稳定同位素[(δ(D)和δ(¹⁸O)]进行分析,研究该区域水化学类型和同位素空间分布特征,探讨了其形成原因和环境意义。【结果】①湖泊水体、黑河及其入沼泽水体、出沼泽水体的主要化学类型都为$HCO_{3}^{-}$-Ca型(重碳酸钙型水);②若尔盖夏季“大气水线”为δ(D) = 8.28 δ(¹⁸O)+13.86,说明受局地水汽、二次蒸发影响小,但蒸发强烈。偏小的δ(¹⁸O)和δ(D)值,反映了雨季受海洋性暖湿气团的影响,降水集中且丰沛,重同位素沿途受雨水冲刷作用较强的特点。HYSPLIT模拟结果证明若尔盖夏季水汽来源于平稳的西风带,受西风环流控制;③降水是其他水体(河水、沼泽水、地下水)最初始的补给来源;河水斜率与沼泽水斜率相近,趋近平行,说明二者的补给关系最为频繁和密切,其中沼泽水接受黑河的支流——果曲、津曲、阿蒙曲、德纳的补给,而黑河的干流与沼泽则是交汇补给。【结论】若尔盖各水体水化学特征主要受流域水岩作用所调控,水体氢氧稳定同位素特征揭示了流域降水、蒸发、大气环流及水文循环过程。     

Anomalous 17O compositions in massive sulphate deposits on the Earth

The variation of delta 18O that results from nearly all physical, biological and chemical processes on the Earth is approximately twice as large as the variation of delta 17O. This so-called 'mass-dependent' fractionation is well documented in terrestrial minerals. Evidence for 'mass-independent' fractionation (delta 17O = delta 17O-0.52 delta 18O), where deviation from this tight relationship occurs, has so far been found only in meteoritic material and a few terrestrial atmospheric substances. In the rock record it is thought that oxygen isotopes have followed a mass-dependent relationship for at least the past 3.7 billion years, and no exception to this has been encountered for terrestrial solids. Here, however, we report oxygen-isotope values of two massive sulphate mineral deposits, which formed in surface environments on the Earth but show large isotopic anomalies (delta 17O up to 4.6%). These massive sulphate deposits are gypcretes from the central Namib Desert and the sulphate-bearing Miocene volcanic ash-beds in North America. The source of this isotope anomaly might be related to sulphur oxidation reactions in the atmosphere and therefore enable tracing of such oxidation. These findings also support the possibility of a chemical origin of variable isotope anomalies on other planets, such as Mars.     

Preliminary study of microscale zircon oxygen isotopes for Dabie-Sulu metamorphic rocks： Ion probe in situ analyses

151 in situ analyses of oxygen isotopes were carried out by ion micro-probe for zircons from 8 localities of HP-UHP metamorphic rocks including eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu terrane. The results show significant heterogeneity in δ^18O values, with variation in different rocks from -8.5‰ to 9.7‰ and within one sample from 2‰ to 12‰. No measurable difference in δ^18O was observed between protolith magmatic (detrital) zircons and metamorphic recrystallized zircons within analytical uncertainties from the ion micro-probe measurements. This indicates that the metamorphic zircons have inherited the oxygen isotopic compositions of protolith zircons despite the HP to UHP metamorphism. According to their protolith ages from zircon U-Pb in situ dating by the same ion micro-probe, two groups of oxygen isotope composition are recognized, with one having δ^18O values of 6‰-7‰ for old protolith of 1.9-2.5 Ga ages and the other 0‰-2‰ for young protolith of 0.7-0.8 Ga ages. The latter anomalously low δ^18O values of zircons indicate that the magma has had the obvious involvement of meteoric water when forming the young protolith of high-grade metamorphic rocks. This may be correlated with the snowball Earth event occurring in South China and the world elsewhere during the Neoproterozoic.