外加电位对X80钢在满洲里土壤应力腐蚀的影响

针对埋地管道应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）问题,开展了X80管线钢（X80钢）在满洲里土壤模拟溶液中的SCC研究,以期对X80钢的SCC防护提供数据支撑。采用交流阻抗技术、动电位极化技术和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了X80钢在不同外加电位下满洲里土壤模拟溶液中的SCC行为,并用扫描电镜观察了断口表面微观形貌。结果表明：自腐蚀电位下,X80钢裂纹萌生于点蚀坑处,SCC机制为阳极溶解（AD）;在外加电位为-850 mV和-930 mV时,X80钢的应力腐蚀受到抑制作用,SCC敏感性较低,-850 mV为最佳阴极保护电位。这两个电位下X80钢SCC机制为AD和氢致开裂（HIC）混合机制,其中-930 mV下SCC机制由HIC占主导地位;在外加电位为-1 000 mV和-1 200 mV时,X80钢表现出较高的SCC敏感性,SCC机制为氢和应力协同作用下的HIC。     

300M超高强度钢电化学性能及应力腐蚀开裂

采用动电位扫描技术和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了超高强度钢300M在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并利用扫描电镜观察了不同外加电位下的断口形貌.300M钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中开路电位下的应力腐蚀开裂机制为阳极溶解型,Cl-的存在明显地增加了材料的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.阳极电位-600 mV下300M钢溶解速率加快,表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,断面收缩率损失由开路电路下的52.6%升高至99.5%,裂纹起源于表面点蚀坑处,应力腐蚀开裂为阳极溶解型机制.阴极电位-800 mV下材料处于阴极保护电位范围,表现出较低的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,强度和韧度与空气中拉伸的数值相近,开裂机制为阳极溶解和氢致开裂协同作用.在更低电位(低于-950 mV)下,300M钢的应力腐蚀开裂机制为氢致开裂,在氢和拉应力的共同作用下表现出很大的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.     

Investigation of stress corresion cracking under anodic dissolution control

This review is about stress corrosion cracking (SCC) under anodic dissolution control. The section 1 is the methods distinguishing SCC controlled by anodic dissolution from those by hydrogen. The section 2 presents hydrogen-enhanced corrosion and SCC under anodic dissolution control. The section 3 demonstrates corrosion-enhanced localized plasticity and corrosion-induced deformation localization, which are the fundaments of new mechanism of SCC. The section 4 is an overview of the proposed mechanisms of SCC under anodic dissolution control. The last section proposes a new mechanism of SCC.     

Effect of hydrogen on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution

Hydrogen was a key factor resulting in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution. In this article, the effect of hydrogen on the SCC susceptibility of X80 steel was investigated further by slow strain rate tensile test, the surface fractures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the fracture mechanism of SCC was discussed. The results indicate that hydrogen increases the SCC susceptibility. The SEM micrographs of hydrogen precharged samples presents a brittle quasi-cleavage feature, and pits facilitate the transgranular crack initiation. In the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, the decreased polarization resistance and the pitting resistance of samples with hydrogen indicate that hydrogen increases the dissolution rate and deteriorates the pitting corrosion resistance. The potentiodynamic polarization curves present that hydrogen also accelerates the dissolution rate of the crack tip.     

01420 Al－Li合金的应力腐蚀断裂行为

采用电化学方法和慢应变速率方法研究了０１４２０Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金的时效条件、施加电位对阳极极化、应力腐蚀行为的影响．结果表明，合金的应力腐蚀敏感性取决于时效条件，施加电位．在欠时效状态的ＳＣＣ敏感性存在临界电位值．在ＳＣＣ过程中阳极溶解起主要作用．     

SCC Susceptibility of Steel 16Mn in Nitrate Solution and Its Mechanism

The SCC (stress corrosion cracking) susceptibility of steel l6Mn in nitrate solution was studied. The results showed that applied potential polarization would accelerate(anodic polarization) or retard (cathodic polarization) the SCC process. The study on phase electrochemistry revealed that there was significant difference in electrochemical performance between ferrite and pearlite of steel 16Mn. Pearlite preferentially corroded under the action of galvanic cell. The observation on time and in situ showed that corrosion started first at the phaseboundary between ferrite and pearlite, and the pearlite gradually corroded until disappeared, and then corrosion crossed the phase boundary extending into the ferrite phase. According to this, an anodic dissolution mechanism of SCC was proposed, on which pre-existing sting active path and phase electrochemistry (PEAP-PEC) jointly came into action (SCC mechanism of PEAP-PEC).     

Effects of applied potential on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of 7003 aluminum alloy in acid and alkaline chloride solutions

Potentiodynamic polarization tests and slow strain rate test (SSRT) in combination with fracture morphology observations were conducted to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of 7003 aluminum alloy (AA7003) in acid and alkaline chloride solutions under various applied potentials (E_a). The results show that AA7003 is to a certain extent susceptible to SCC via anodic dissolution (AD) at open-circuit potential (OCP) and is highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) at high negative E_a in the solutions with pH levels of 4 and 11. The susceptibility increases with negative shift in the potential when E_a is less than -1000 mV vs. SCE. However, the susceptibility distinctly decreases because of the inhibition of AD when E_a is equal to -1000 mV vs. SCE. In addition, the SCC susceptibility of AA7003 in the acid chloride solution is higher than that in the alkaline solution at each potential. Moreover, the effect of hydrogen on SCC increases with increasing hydrogen ion concentration.     

16Mn(HIC)钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂实验研究

采用恒应变和慢应变速率拉伸实验的方法,研究了16Mn(HIC)和16Mn钢母材、焊缝在H2S环境中应力腐蚀开裂.结果表明:两种材料在酸性H2S介质中均发生穿晶型硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC);与16Mn钢相比,16Mn(HIC)钢有更好的抗SSCC性能,钢中的C,Mn,P和S的含量降低有利于提高钢的抗SSCC性能.焊缝及热影响区在焊接过程中,产生的粗大魏氏组织、偏析、缩孔和夹杂等缺陷,降低了焊缝的抗SSCC能力.但是,通过焊后热处理可以适当提高焊缝的抗SSCC能力.     

Hydrogen induced cracking of X80 pipeline steel

The hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) behavior of X80 pipeline steel was studied by means of electrochemical charging, hydrogen permeation tests, tension test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicate that the increase of charging time and charging current density or the decrease of the solution pH value leads to an increase of the hydrogen content in X80 steel, which plays a key role in the initiation and propagation of HIC. It is found that the majority of macro-inclusions within the as-used X80 steel do not constitute a direct threat to HIC except aluminum oxides, which directly or indirectly lead to HIC. The hydrogen trap density at room temperature is estimated to be pretty high, and this is an essential reason why the steel is sensitive to HIC. After hydrogen charging, the elongation loss rate and area reduction of X80 steel decline obviously, taking a noticeable sign of hydrogen-induced plasticity damages. It is demonstrated that the losses of these plastic parameters have a linear relation to the fracture size due to hydrogen.     

316L不锈钢应力腐蚀研究进展

316L不锈钢具备良好的力学性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能，被广泛应用于化工管道、船舶及核电等领域。因其应用环境复杂，316L不锈钢在特定介质环境和拉应力的协同作用下，易发生应力腐蚀开裂，导致严重事故。概述了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生及扩展的规律，总结了其应力腐蚀的阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种微观主导机制的特点。在此基础上，针对介质环境、材料、表面应力状态3个影响因素，综述了近年来通过调节介质环境的pH、溶液浓度、引入压应力、优化微观结构及涂层工艺等方面，改善316L不锈钢应力腐蚀性能的研究进展。最后，基于316L不锈钢面临的应力腐蚀问题，从应力腐蚀机制和防护措施两方面展望了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀的研究热点和方向。