Fe掺杂SiC纳米管的电子结构和磁性

采用基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理方法,在局域自旋密度近似下,系统研究了Fe掺杂SiC纳米管电子结构和磁性.计算结果显示用Fe替代C时SiC纳米管显示反铁磁性,而Fe替代Si却出现铁磁性特征,是一种半金属磁性材料.形成能计算结果显示铁磁性结构比反铁磁性结构低3.2eV,Fe原子更容易替代Si原子,两种掺杂的基态都诱发了自旋极化现象.同时,掺杂的Fe原子都向管外发生了一定的弛豫,Fe替代C掺杂发生了较大的几何畸变,但掺杂并未破坏SiC纳米管整体几何结构.能带结构和态密度计算显示在费米能级附近出现了更多弥散的能级分布,特别是Fe替代Si出现了明显的自旋劈裂现象,发生了强烈的p-d杂化效应,自旋电子态密度的计算结果揭示磁矩主要来源于Fe原子未成对3d电子的贡献.这些结果表明过渡金属掺杂SiC纳米管也许是一种很有前途的磁性材料.     

YBa_2Cu_3O_7的LDF-LMTO电子结构

本文用密度泛函理论和线性丸盒轨道方法计算了YBa_2Cu_3O_1系统的电子能带结构.结果表明有两个强2D特征的能带和一个1D特征的能带与Fermi面相交.它们分别对应于原胞中的两个准2D Cu-O平面和一个含有Cu-O线链的基平面上Cu 3d和O 2p态之间的相互作用.各原子分波态密度的分析表明,对电导和超导起决定作用的Cu-O平面和Cu-O线链中,2D Cu-O面对态密度的贡献是基本的.     

Ru2Si3电子结构及光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论赝势平面波方法系统地计算了正交相Ru2Si3的电子结构、态密度和光学性质, 计算结果表明Ru2Si3是一种直接带隙半导体, 禁带宽度为0.51 eV; 其能态密度主要由Ru的4d层电子和Si的3p层电子的能态密度决定; 静态介电函数ε1（0）＝16.83; 折射率n0＝4.1025; 吸收系数最大峰值为2.8×105 cm-1; 并利用计算的能带结构和态密度分析了Ru2Si3材料的介电函数、反射谱、折射率以及消光系数等光学性质, 为Ru2Si3光电材料的设计与应用提供了理论依据.     

基于密度泛函理论的L2_1型Ni_2MnGe第一原理计算

运用MaterialsStudio6.0程序CASRTEP软件包建立L21型Ni2MnGe单胞和1×1×5的Ni2.25Mn0.75Ge超胞模型,采用GGA-PBE-TS近似,得出能带结构和态密度曲线。由Ni2MnGe单胞的能带结构和态密度图可以看出自旋向上和自旋向下的能带都没有出现带隙,说明Ni2MnGe单胞具有金属性,在费米能级附近不同自旋能带具有明显差别,从而导致Ni2MnGe具有较大磁性;通过分析1×1×5的Ni2.25Mn0.75Ge超胞的能带结构和态密度图可以得到同样的结论,即Ni2.25Mn0.75Ge具有金属性,在费米能级附近不同自旋能带具有明显差别,从而导致Ni2MnGe具有较大磁性。2种晶体中Ni原子自旋向上和自旋向下的态密度占据量几乎相同,因此Ni原子的磁矩很小,而Mn原子d轨道的电子几乎全部局域在自旋向上的态密度中,因此Mn原子磁矩较大。Ni2.25Mn0.75Ge中Ni(A)与Mn存在p-d杂化,比Ni2MnGe中p-d杂化作用更强,这是由于Ni替换了Mn的缘故。     

Fe3O4(0O1)表面第一性原理计算

通过第一性原理,基于密度泛函理论框架下的全势线性缀加平面波方法,分别对Fe3O4(001)表面两个不同的模型A模型(以四面体内的Fe为终端)和B模型(以八面体内的Fe和O为终端)进行研究,首先通过驰豫找到最优的原子位置,然后分别通过对两个不同模型态密度和能带的计算得出A模型自旋向上和自旋向下费米能级附近都有电子占据失去了半金属性,B模型费米能级附近自旋向下有电子占据,而自旋向上费米能级处有个明显的带隙,所以仍然保持半金属性,从能带中可以看出A模型半金属性的破坏是由于其表面态的影响.     

Full-Heusler合金Ru_2FeSi的结构和磁性

近年来,自旋电子学的发展已经使人们在计算机存储方面取得了很大的成果,在众多自旋电子学材料中,Heusler合金因其特有的优点已经受到越来越多研究者的关注。采用第一性原理的计算方法,应用Materials Studio 6.0中的CASTEP软件,对Full-Heusler合金Ru_2FeSi的晶体结构进行了优化,并在平衡晶格常数的基础上,计算了结构的能量和态密度,并作了具体的分析。计算结果表明,Ru_2FeSi合金的平衡晶格常数为6.862?,并且为良好的铁磁性金属材料,其磁性主要来源于Ru原子和Fe原子d电子的自旋及其在费米能级附近劈裂和相互杂化的过程。     

Se掺杂Bi_2Te_3电子结构第一性原理研究

碲化铋(Bi_2Te_3)是一种常见的热电材料。本文研究了硒(Se)掺杂对Bi_2Te_3电子结构的影响。本文从Bi_2Te_3的晶格结构出发,利用第一性原理对Se掺杂Bi_2Te_3所得的Bi_2Te_(3-x)Se_x(x=0, 1, 2, 3)四种材料进行晶格结构优化,并计算它们的能带和态密度。我们发现自旋轨道耦合作用对Bi_2Te_3电子结构的影响非常大,另外还发现Se掺杂会使Bi_2Te_3能带发生劈裂,使得费米能附近态密度增加。     

多铁材料BiNi_xFe_(1-x)O_3(x=0～0.5)磁性的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算多铁材料BiNi_xFe_(1-x)O_3(x=0,0.125,0.167,0.25,0.5)各晶体结构的电子性质.能带结构、Mulliken电荷以及自旋磁矩等计算结果表明:由Ni离子部分替代掺杂Fe离子可使体系由反铁磁有序转变为局部亚铁磁有序,晶体总自旋磁矩随Ni离子浓度的增大而增大;Ni离子掺杂明显抑制了特定位置Fe离子的磁矩,这是由于Ni-eg轨道少数自旋方向的电子态被50%占据以及Ni离子与Fe离子之间的超交换作用所致.     

氢吸附对新型的类石墨烯BN结构电子性质的影响

采用半金属元素硼(B)和氮(N)替代石墨烯中的碳元素(C)位置,构建了一个类石墨烯的结构,然后让氢原子分别吸附在B和N正上方形成一类复合材料.通过第一性原理的电子结构计算给出了此类体系的能带图、态密度图以及电荷分布情况.发现H吸附位的不同对材料的物理性能影响很大,其中在B和N构建的类石墨烯结构中,B原子正上方的H吸附位复合材料为无能隙自旋半导体材料,H原子的吸附改变了各个原子轨道的贡献比,并且在母材料中引入了自旋极化,从而形成了一类自旋极化的磁性材料.     

四元Heusler合金CrFeMnAl的结构和磁性

研究了四元Heusler合金CrFeMnAl的结构和磁性。基于密度泛函理论(DEF)的第一性原理方法,借助于Materials Studio 6.0软件,对其晶体结构进行了优化。得到的最优晶格常数为5.86(0),总磁矩为0。进行了能带结构和态密度的分析,得到如下结论:四元Heusler合金CrFeMnAl自旋向上方向费米能级附近态密度为0;自旋向下费米能级处态密度不为0,磁性主要是Cr原子3d电子分别与Fe原子3d和Mn原子的3d劈裂杂化所致,CrFeMnAl是一个半金属惠斯勒合金。     

La-Zn取代对钡铁氧体微结构和磁性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)化学合成了钡铁氧体(Ba1-xLaxFe11.6-xZnxO19,0≤x≤0.8),并进一步研究了La-Zn取代量对样品微结构和磁性能的影响.当0≤x≤0.6时,样品主要由六角铁氧体相构成,晶格常数a和c随取代量的增加而单调减小.磁化强度σ在x=0.6时达到最大,x进一步增加σ反而下降;而样品矫顽力Hc,各向异性场HA,居里温度Tc随着x增加单调减小;为了使磁化强度达到最大,取代量大的样品需要更高的烧结温度.对实验结果进行了合理的定性解释.     

A hidden pseudogap under the 'dome' of superconductivity in electron-doped high-temperature superconductors

The ground state of superconductors is characterized by the long-range order of condensed Cooper pairs: this is the only order present in conventional superconductors. The high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductors, in contrast, exhibit more complex phase behaviour, which might indicate the presence of other competing ground states. For example, the pseudogap--a suppression of the accessible electronic states at the Fermi level in the normal state of high-T(c) superconductors-has been interpreted as either a precursor to superconductivity or as tracer of a nearby ground state that can be separated from the superconducting state by a quantum critical point. Here we report the existence of a second order parameter hidden within the superconducting phase of the underdoped (electron-doped) high-T(c) superconductor Pr2-xCe(x)CuO4-y and the newly synthesized electron-doped material La2-xCe(x)CuO4-y (ref. 8). The existence of a pseudogap when superconductivity is suppressed excludes precursor superconductivity as its origin. Our observation is consistent with the presence of a (quantum) phase transition at T = 0, which may be a key to understanding high-T(c) superconductivity. This supports the picture that the physics of high-T(c) superconductors is determined by the interplay between competing and coexisting ground states.     

Fabrication of SrFe12-xNixO19 nanoparticles and investigation on their structural,magnetic and dielectric properties

SrFe12?xNixO19 nanoparticles (x = 0–1) were synthesized by a combustion sol–gel method. Their structure, dielectric and magnetic properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an LCR metry, and vibrating sample mag-netometry (VSM).The results reveal that all samples of Ni doped compounds (SrFe12?xNixO19) withx < 0.2 are single phase. It appears that the Fe3+ions are substituted by Ni2+ ions on the crystallographic sites of the SrFe12O19 structure; however, forx≥ 0.2, the secondary Ni phase ferrite (NiFe2O3) appears, which reduces the saturation magnetization and coercivity. In addition, Ni doping reduces the dielectric con-stant, dielectric loss, and alternating current (ac) electrical conductivity of the samples. The variation in ac conductivity (σac) with frequency shows that the electrical conductivity in these ferrites is mainly attributed to the electron hopping mechanism.Therefore; all the single-phase Ni doped samples are suitable for use in magnetic recording media and microwave devices.     

Fe掺杂对YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Fe_xO_(7-δ)超导体表面XPS的影响

本文对合成出的单相YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Fe_xO_(7 σ)系列样品的晶体结构、电阻特性及磁化特性进行了测量。结果表明,Fe掺杂的系列样品,当x增加时,经历了由正交到四方,超导到非超导,抗磁性至铁磁性的变化。经对样品的XPS分析可见,Ba_(34)_(5/2)和O_(1s)的低结合能峰与晶体结构和超导特性有关,而且它们的相对强度随x变化呈有规律的相似变化趋势,从XPS上未直接观察到Cu~(3+);Fe的高价态含量随x的增加略有增加。     

Synthesis and optical properties of turquoise- and green-colored brownmillerite- type Ba2In2-x-yMnxAlyO5+x codoped with manganese and aluminum

Brownmillerite-type oxides Ba₂In_2-x-yMn_xAl_yO_5+x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) were prepared at 1300°C through solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the structure symmetry evolved from orthorhombic to cubic with increasing Mn and Al contents. When y was greater than 0.3, peaks associated with small amounts of BaAl₂O₄ and Ba₂InAlO₅ impurities were observed in the XRD patterns. When substituted with a small amount of Mn (x ≤ 0.3), the Ba₂In_2-x-yMn_xAl_yO_5+x samples exhibited an intense turquoise color. The color changed to green and dark-green with increasing Mn concentration. UV–vis absorbance spectra revealed that the color changed only slightly upon Al doping. The valence state of Mn ions in Ba₂In_2-x-yMn_xAl_yO_5+x was confirmed to be +5 on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. According to this analysis, the intense turquoise color of the Ba₂In_2-x-yMn_xAl_yO_5+x samples is rooted in the existence of Mn5+; thus, the introduction of Al does not affect the optical properties of the compounds.     

Link between spin fluctuations and electron pairing in copper oxide superconductors

Although it is generally accepted that superconductivity is unconventional in the high-transition-temperature copper oxides, the relative importance of phenomena such as spin and charge (stripe) order, superconductivity fluctuations, proximity to a Mott insulator, a pseudogap phase and quantum criticality are still a matter of debate. In electron-doped copper oxides, the absence of an anomalous pseudogap phase in the underdoped region of the phase diagram and weaker electron correlations suggest that Mott physics and other unidentified competing orders are less relevant and that antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations are the dominant feature. Here we report a study of magnetotransport in thin films of the electron-doped copper oxide La(2?-?x)Ce(x)CuO(4). We show that a scattering rate that is linearly dependent on temperature--a key feature of the anomalous normal state properties of the copper oxides--is correlated with the electron pairing. We also show that an envelope of such scattering surrounds the superconducting phase, surviving to zero temperature when superconductivity is suppressed by magnetic fields. Comparison with similar behaviour found in organic superconductors strongly suggests that the linear dependence on temperature of the resistivity in the electron-doped copper oxides is caused by spin-fluctuation scattering.     

La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)Mn_(1-x)Fe_xO_3体系的正电子湮没研究

采用固相反应方法制备了名义成分为La0.67Sr0.33Mn1-xFexO3(0x0.2)的系列样品.利用X射线衍射、激光拉曼、正电子湮灭等实验手段并结合输运测量,对该系列样品进行了研究.结果表明,各样品均为正交钙钛矿结构;随着掺杂量的增加,样品的电阻率ρ急剧变大,绝缘体-金属转变峰随着掺杂浓度x的增加,峰值对应温度向低温区移动,这是由于样品内部晶体结构的变化所导致的.掺杂样品中缺陷及电子结构的变化与掺杂浓度密切相关,这主要是由于样品中的Mn3+被Fe3+所替代,部分Mn3+-O2-Mn4+铁磁双交换作用键被打断,样品中的铁磁与反铁磁作用的相互竞争以及样品内部电子局域化所形成的极化行为等因素的影响所导致的.     

基于张量网络算法对二维t-J模型的研究

高温超导问题是当前凝聚态物理学研究的最重要的问题之一。本文应用基于二维强关联电子无限费米子系统的投影纠缠对(gPEPS)表示下建立的虚时间演化的张量网络算法[arXiv:0907.5520],对高温超导的相关的最小模型——二维t-J 模型进行了数值模拟研究,得出二维t-J模型在半占据状态与小于半占据状态时的基态,并最终得到了海森堡反铁磁无空穴的态与有空穴的态之间的相分离线,以及二维正方格子t-J 模型的单位格点基态能量。研究结果表明,二维t-J 模型的相分离线上临界点为Jc=0.95t和下临界点为Jc=3.45t;随后模拟J/t = 0.4,发现不同的掺杂会导致出现四个超导相：一个是由电荷密度波、自旋密度波与p波共存的超导相,一个是自旋单态的d s波超导配对与反铁磁背景下自旋三态p波超导配对超导相,一个是扩展s波配对超导相,一个是铁磁背景下p波的配对超导相。     

Resonance as a measure of pairing correlations in the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.6

One of the most striking properties of the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors is that they are all derived from insulating antiferromagnetic parent compounds. The intimate relationship between magnetism and superconductivity in these copper oxide materials has intrigued researchers from the outset, because it does not exist in conventional superconductors. Evidence for this link comes from neutron-scattering experiments that show the unambiguous presence of short-range antiferromagnetic correlations (excitations) in the high-Tc superconductors. Even so, the role of such excitations in the pairing mechanism for superconductivity is still a subject of controversy. For YBa2Cu3O(6+x), where x controls the hole-doping level, the most prominent feature in the magnetic excitation spectrum is a sharp resonance (refs 6-11). Here we show that for underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.6, where x and Tc are below their optimal values, modest magnetic fields suppress the resonance significantly, much more so for fields approximately perpendicular to the CuO2 planes than for parallel fields. Our results indicate that the resonance measures pairing and phase coherence, suggesting that magnetism plays an important role in high-Tc superconductivity. The persistence of a field effect above Tc favours mechanisms in which the superconducting electron pairs are pre-formed in the normal state of underdoped copper oxide superconductors, awaiting transition to the superconducting state.     

双钙钛矿型Sr_2Fe_xMo_(2-x)O_6系列氧化物的Mssbauer谱研究

通过M ssbauer谱对Sr2 FexMo2 -xO6 系列氧化物进行研究 ,结果表明该系列氧化物在室温下仍然存在磁有序 ,而且样品中Fe的化合价随着Fe含量x的增加而升高 ,当x =1 0时Fe的化合价处于 + 2与 + 3之间 ,从而验证了能带计算的结果 .