极小(C_4,K_4;7)-平面图

若平面图G没有与H1同构的子图,且G没有与H2同构的子图,则G称为(H1,H2)-平面图.(H1,H2;n)-平面图表示n阶的(H1,H2)-平面图。若G是(H1,H2;n)-平面图,去掉G的任意一条边,都不再是(H1,H2;n)-平面图,则G称为极小(H1,H2;n)-平面图.本文给出了所有的极小(C4,K4;7)-平面图,有助于证明PR(C4,K8)。     

5′-Nucleotidase activity in liver homogenates of rats treated with CCl4, colchicine,cycloheximide, emetine,ethanol, ethionine and 5-fluorotryptophan

Summary 5-Nucleotidase activity, an enzyme marker of the plasma membranes, increases in female rat liver homogenates following ethionine administration, while homogenates from males show no changes. Treatment with CCl₄, colchicine, cycloheximide, emetine, ethanol and 5-fluorotryptophan does not significantly modify the 5-nucleotidase activity of liver homogenates of either female or male rats.     

极小(C_4,K_5;11)-平面图

若n阶平面图G的任一子图都不与H_1同构,且G的任一子图都不与H_2同构,则G称为(H_1,H_2;n)-平面图;平面Ramsey数指不存在(H_1,H_2;n)-平面图的最小n。本文利用对称性及反证等方法,得到了所有的极小(C_4,K_5;11)-平面图,有助于证明平面Ramsey数。     

3,5-Dibromo-2′-chloro-4′-isothiocyanatosalicylanilide,a potent anthelminitic

Summary The compound, 3,5-dibromo-2-chloro-4-isothiocyanatosalicylanilide, has been tested against various nematode and cestode parasites in experimental and domestric animals. It shoved 100% activity againstAncylostoma ceylanicum, A. tubaeformis, Syphacia obvelata, Ascaridia galli, Toxocara spp.,Toxascaris sp.,Gnathostoma spinigerum, Hymenolepis nana, Raillietina spp. andTaenia spp. in doses 25–70 mg/kg given in single or multiple administrations.Acknowledgments. We express sincere thanks to Dr Nitya Nand, F.N.A., CDRI, Lucknow, for his keen interest in the work, to Dr B. N. Dhawan, F.N.A. for providing informations about general pharmacology of the compound, and to Dr R. K. Chatterjee and Dr P. K. Murthy for carrying out antifilarial sreening. Technical assistance of Mr S. C. Bhar and Mr S. Ram is acknowledged.     

Visualization of DNA in various phages (T4, χ, T7, ϕ 29) by ethidium bromide epi-fluorescent microscopy

Summary DNA-containing areas in various phages (T4, , T7 and 29) could be observed at the light microscopic level using ethidium bromide epi-fluorescent microscopy. The fluorescent intensity per phage was in linear proportion to the DNA content in each phage.Acknowledgements. This work was supported in part by the grant No. 521708 and No. 511212 from the Japan Ministry of Education, Science and Culture.     

Aln (n = 3, 4, 6, 13, 19)团簇的结构稳定性与形态演化

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法, 计算了不同结构形态Al_n (n = 3, 4, 6, 13, 19)团簇的几何与电子结构, 通过结合能与HOMO-LUMO能隙表征和分析了其结构稳定性, 采用线性同步转变 (LST)方法考察了其不同结构形态间的演化与转 变. 结果表明: Al₃, Al₄, Al₆, Al₁₃和Al₁₉团簇的稳定结构形态分别为三角形、 菱形、八面体、二十面体、双二十面体. Al₃, Al₄与Al₁₃团簇不存在亚稳结构. Al6与Al19团簇存在亚稳结构, 其结构形态分别为平行四边形与八面体. Al₆团簇亚稳结构与稳定结构的能级差大、转变能垒低, 结构转变容易, 亚稳结构稳定性差. 而Al₁₉团簇亚稳结构与稳定结构的能级差小、转变能垒高, 结构演化不易, 因而实验和理论模拟中能观察到其亚稳结构形态——正八面体的存在.     

Palmitoylation by DHHC3 is critical for the function, expression, and stability of integrin α6β4

The laminin-binding integrin α6β4 plays key roles in both normal epithelial and endothelial cells and during tumor cell progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Previous cysteine mutagenesis studies have suggested that palmitoylation of α6β4 protein supports a few integrin-dependent functions and molecular associations. Here we took another approach and obtained strikingly different results. We used overexpression and RNAi knockdown in multiple cell types to identify protein acyl transferase DHHC3 as the enzyme responsible for integrin β4 and α6 palmitoylation. Ablation of DHHC3 markedly diminished integrin-dependent cellular cable formation on Matrigel, integrin signaling through Src, and β4 phosphorylation on key diagnostic amino acids (S1356 and 1424). However, unexpectedly, and in sharp contrast to prior α6β4 mutagenesis results, knockdown of DHHC3 accelerated the degradation of α6β4, likely due to an increase in endosomal exposure to cathepsin D. When proteolytic degradation was inhibited (by Pepstatin A), rescued α6β4 accumulated intracellularly, but was unable to reach the cell surface. DHHC3 ablation effects were strongly selective for α6β4. Cell-surface levels of ~10 other proteins (including α3β1) were not diminished, and the appearance of hundreds of other palmitoylated proteins was not altered. Results obtained here demonstrate a new substrate for the DHHC3 enzyme and provide novel opportunities for modulating α6β4 expression, distribution, and function.     

N″-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N′-1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine,monohydrate (P 1134): A new,potent vasodilator

Summary N-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N-1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine, monohydrate (P 1134) is a new agent which induces a marked and sustained hypotensive response in normotensive and renal, neurogenic, and spontaneously hypertensive rats, as well as in normotensive and renal hypertensive dogs. The overall potency of this compound is 2–3 times greater than that of hydralazine. The fall of blood pressure is accompanied by an increase in heart rate and cardiac output and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. The hypotensive effect appears to be due primarily to a direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle.Acknowledgment. The helpful comments and advice of Dr W.O. Godtfredsen are greatefully acknowledged.     

4-Isothiocyanato-4′-nitrodiphenylamine (C9333-Go/CGP 4540) an anthelminthic with an unusual spectrum of activity against intestinal nematodes,filariae and schistosomes

Summary 4-isothiocyanato-4-nitrodiphenylamine was found to possess activity against intestinal nematodes in mice, against schistosomes in various hosts including primates and against two filarial species in the mongolian jird. Upon administration in a single oral dose it is equally effective againstS. haematobium, S. mansoni andS. japonicum.     

Physics,metaphysics, dispositions,and symmetries – À la French

Recent philosophy has paid increasing attention to the nature of the relationship between the philosophy of science and metaphysics. In The Structure of the World: Metaphysics and Representation, Steven French offers many insights into this relationship (primarily) in the context of fundamental physics, and claims that a specific, structuralist conception of the ontology of the world exemplifies an optimal understanding of it. In this paper I contend that his messages regarding how best to think about the relationship are mixed, and in tension with one another. The tension is resolvable but at a cost: a weakening of the argument for French's structuralist ontology. I elaborate this claim in a specific case: his assertion of the superiority of a structuralist account of de re modality in terms of realism about laws and symmetries (conceived ontologically) over an account in terms of realism about dispositional properties. I suggest that these two accounts stem from different stances regarding how to theorize about scientific ontology, each of which is motivated by important aspects of physics.     

γ-Glutamyltranspeptidases: sequence, structure, biochemical properties, and biotechnological applications

γ-Glutamyltranspeptidases (γ-GTs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of γ-glutamyl bonds in glutathione and glutamine and the transfer of the released γ-glutamyl group to amino acids or short peptides. These enzymes are involved in glutathione metabolism and play critical roles in antioxidant defense, detoxification, and inflammation processes. Moreover, γ-GTs have been recently found to be involved in many physiological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and diabetes. In this review, the main biochemical and structural properties of γ-GTs isolated from different sources, as well as their conformational stability and mechanism of catalysis, are described and examined with the aim of contributing to the discussion on their structure-function relationships. Possible applications of γ-glutamyltranspeptidases in different fields of biotechnology and medicine are also discussed.     

1-(3′-methoxy-4′-hydroxy benzyl) 6–7 dimethoxy isoquinoline,a major metabolite of papaverine

Zusammenfassung An Glukorons?ure gebundenes 1-(3′-Methoxy-4′-hydroxy-phenyl)-6, 7-dimethoxy-chinolin ist als Metabolit des Papaverins beim Menschen und bei S?ugetieren erkannt und isoliert worden. Ein in den Lebermikrosomen enthaltenes Ferment, dassauerstoff-und TPNH-abh?ngig ist, bewirkt die Methoxylspaltung, und ein weiteres Ferment übertr?gt die Glukurons?ure aus ihrer Verbindung mit Uridinphosphat auf die entstandene phenolische Verbindung.      

SLC26A4基因突变与耳聋

耳聋是最常见感觉障碍之一,与遗传关系密切.SLC26A4基因作为第二位的耳聋基因,与Pendred综合征(PS)和非综合征性聋DFNB4密切相关.SLC26A4基因突变主要与PS及DFNB4共同表现出的前庭水管扩大(EVA)相关,且不同种族及地区EVA患者该基因的突变频率及热点突变大不相同.SLC26A4基因的表现型与突变的类型关系不大,而是与等位基因数目相关.但目前SLC26A4基因突变的研究仍不完善.本文主要综述了近年来耳聋及SLC26A4基因的研究进展.