The potent tremorgenic neurotoxins lolitrem B and aflatrem: a comparison of the tremor response in mice

Tremor dose-response curves were determined for mice dosed with the ryegrass neurotoxin lolitrem B, and the tremor-genic mycotoxin aflatrem. A family of characteristic curves was revealed for each tremorgenic, with lolitrem B eliciting a sustained tremor response persisting for over 24 h.     

Normetanephrine and metanephrine oxidized by both types of monoamine oxidase

Both normetanephrine and metanephrine were found to be oxidized by both types of monoamine oxidase in mouse liver mitochondria. Both Km and Vmax values of type B MAO for both substrates were higher than those of type A MAO, which caused the shift of inhibition curves with clorgyline and deprenyl according to the increase in substrate concentration.     

Toxicity of Bacillus thuringienses var. israelensis for larvae of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi]

The comparative study of the larvicidal action of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis on A. aegypti and A. stephensi shows the greater sensitivity of A. aegypti, with 100% of mortality in 30 to 40 min. at high doses. But, for both species of Mosquito, the toxicity of these bacteria is very high, as shown by the mortality regression curves and by the LC50. This toxicity is associated with the crystals and can be extracted from them by dilute alkali solution, like the general case of the other serotypes of B. thuringiensis. In contrast with these serotypes, B. thuringiensis var. israelensis is not pathogenic to the tested larvae of Lepidoptera.     

Normetanephrine and metanephrine oxidized by both types of monoamine oxidase

Summary Both normetanephrine and metanephrine were found to be oxidized by both types of monoamine oxidase in mouse liver mitochondria. Both K_m and V_max values of type B MAO for both substrates were higher than those of type A MAO, which caused the shift of inhibition curves with clorgyline and deprenyl according to the increase in substrate concentration.     

一种基于演化密码和HMM改进的Koblitz安全曲线产生新方法

考虑未来云计算攻击和量子计算机攻击,需要储备安全强度更高的ECC安全曲线．利用隐Markov模型（HMM）预测迹向量解决基点计算难题,完善基于演化密码思想提出的Koblitz安全曲线产生新算法,完成了F（2 2000）以内Koblitz安全曲线的搜索实验,产生的安全曲线基域的覆盖范围、曲线的规模和产生效率均超过美国NIST的公开报道参数．可提供的安全曲线的基域和基点最高超过1900bit,远超过美国NIST公布的571bit．在NIST公布的F（2163）-F（2571）范围之间还有新的安全曲线发现．对产生的安全曲线进行了详细的安全分析,表明与NIST推荐的安全曲线具有相同的安全准则．     

Modeling and Forecasting Online Auction Prices: A Semiparametric Regression Analysis

Interest in online auctions has been growing in recent years. There is an extensive literature on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price process constitutes one of the most active research areas. Most of the research, however, only focuses on modeling price curves, ignoring the bidding process. In this paper, a semiparametric regression model is proposed to model the online auction process. This model captures two main features of online auction data: changing arrival rates of bidding processes and changing dynamics of prices. A new inference procedure using B‐splines is also established for parameter estimation. The proposed model is used to forecast the price of an online auction. The advantage of this proposed approach is that the price can be forecast dynamically and the prediction can be updated according to newly arriving information. The model is applied to Xbox data with satisfactory forecasting properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forecasting of electricity price through a functional prediction of sale and purchase curves

This work proposes a new approach for the prediction of the electricity price based on forecasting aggregated purchase and sale curves. The basic idea is to model the hourly purchase and the sale curves, to predict them and to find the intersection of the predicted curves in order to obtain the predicted equilibrium market price and volume. Modeling and forecasting of purchase and sale curves is performed by means of functional data analysis methods. More specifically, parametric (FAR) and nonparametric (NPFAR) functional autoregressive models are considered and compared to some benchmarks. An appealing feature of the functional approach is that, unlike other methods, it provides insights into the sale and purchase mechanism connected with the price and demand formation process and can therefore be used for the optimization of bidding strategies. An application to the Italian electricity market (IPEX) is also provided, showing that NPFAR models lead to a statistically significant improvement in the forecasting accuracy.     

基于三次B样条逆向细分的自由曲线的多分辨率表示

目前国内外关于逆向细分的研究主要集中于曲面逆向细分,对大量的特定曲线细分法的逆向细分算法研究较少,对于基于逆向细分的曲线的多分辨率构造及简化也鲜有研究.针对三次B样条细分法具有几何意义明显、规则简单等特征.本文从几何角度出发,推导并给出了基于三次B样条细分的逆向细分规则,在此基础上提出了自由曲线的一种新的多分辨率表示方法,通过在对自由曲线进行逆向细分时保留细节信息,最终可以实现自由曲线的多分辨率表示,并可应用于自由曲线的简化与精确重构中.文中给出了曲线的多分辨率表示、简化和重构的例子.该方法几何意义明显,易于编程实现.实验表明应用该逆向细分法得到的简化曲线能够更明显地反映原曲线的变化趋势.本文方法在构造分解矩阵和重构矩阵方面较以往的某些方法简单,并且在分解和重构曲线时的计算量相较于以往的方法较少.     

Der Einfluss der «Lorentz-Kontraktion» der Erde auf den Gang der Quarzuhren. II

Summary In addition to his paper², which contains the yearly curves 1948, 1949, 1950 of relative corrections of Quarzclocks on northern and southern stations, the author gives here the four new curves for 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954 with the results of the observations in Greenwich, Potsdam and Buenos Aires (geod. and naval.). The theoretical statement that the curves at southern stations must agree with the reflexes of those on northern stations has now still better foundations than before and thus the existence of the «Lorentz-contraction» is still more clearly proved.     

Interpreting animal wall-following behavior

Summary Using computer simulations and behavioral experiments with the American cockroach, we found that active vs passive (barrier-directed) wall-following can be readily distinguished and quantified by incorporating a range of convex curves into test arenas. Although previously considered strongly thigmotactic, more than 50% of running American cockroaches depart convex curves with diameters, less than 1 m. A new framework for evaluating wall-following behaviors is presented.     

The use of growth curves in forecasting market development—a review and appraisal

The growth curves suitable for forecasting market development are identified and described. The underlying theoretical basis, if any, for their use is examined, and published examples of their applications are given. Doubt is cast on the value of long-term forecasts derived from growth curves applied to markets for consumables. The problems of choice between competing curves are demonstrated by means of some examples. The requirements that a growth curve should meet in order to be an appropriate forecasting tool are identified and illustrated. Many of the published examples of growth curve use are shown to be vulnerable to criticism under one or more of these criteria.     

泡沫铝汽车碰撞吸能器仿真分析

提出了在汽车保险杠和前纵梁之间安装泡沫铝吸能器的方案,并对此结构进行了总体设计.采用 CATIA ANSYS DYNA3D联合建模求解技术对汽车碰撞进行了仿真分析,得出了安装泡沫铝吸能器前后汽车质心加速度曲线、吸能曲线及车体应力分布图.结果表明,应用泡沫铝汽车碰撞缓冲吸能器可提高汽车的安全性.本研究为泡沫铝在汽车中的应用提供了参考依据,也为汽车满足轻质、节能、环保、安全等方面的需要提供了新途径     

Metering and modelling residential end-use electricity load curves

In most electricity systems the residential sector is one of the main contributors to the system peak. This makes it important to know how different residential end uses, such as space heating or cooking, contribute to the system load curve at the time of system peak and also at other times of the day. In this paper we discuss the estimation of residential end-use load curves for the state of New South Wales in Australia. Half-hourly readings were taken for 15 months on the total load and a range of end-use loads of 250 households. Information was sought on 16 different end uses, while eight metering channels were available for each household. We describe the optimal design procedure used to determine which end uses to meter in each household. The econometric model used for estimating the end-use load curves integrates a conditional demand analysis (CDA) of the total load readings for the household with the readings on all the directly metered end uses. Our integrated approach achieves impressive gains in efficiency over the conventional approach to estimating end-use loads. The paper concludes with an illustration of how end-use load curves can be used to simulate a variety of policy options.     

Forecasting intraday S&P 500 index returns: A functional time series approach

Financial data often take the form of a collection of curves that can be observed sequentially over time; for example, intraday stock price curves and intraday volatility curves. These curves can be viewed as a time series of functions that can be observed on equally spaced and dense grids. Owing to the so‐called curse of dimensionality, the nature of high‐dimensional data poses challenges from a statistical perspective; however, it also provides opportunities to analyze a rich source of information, so that the dynamic changes of short time intervals can be better understood. In this paper, we consider forecasting a time series of functions and propose a number of statistical methods that can be used to forecast 1‐day‐ahead intraday stock returns. As we sequentially observe new data, we also consider the use of dynamic updating in updating point and interval forecasts for achieving improved accuracy. The forecasting methods were validated through an empirical study of 5‐minute intraday S&P 500 index returns.     

Forecasting load-duration curves

A new method is proposed for forecasting electricity load-duration curves. The approach first forecasts the load curve and then uses the resulting predictive densities to forecast the load-duration curve. A virtue of this procedure is that both load curves and load-duration curves can be predicted using the same model, and confidence intervals can be generated for both predictions. The procedure is applied to the problem of predicting New Zealand electricity consumption. A structural time-series model is used to forecast the load curve based on half-hourly data. The model is tailored to handle effects such as daylight savings, holidays and weekends, as well as trend, annual, weekly and daily cycles. Time-series methods, including Kalman filtering, smoothing and prediction, are used to fit the model and to achieve the desired forecasts of the load-duration curve.     

Mechanismus der Reaktion von Invertseifen mit isolierten Zellen

Summary Reaction equilibria were established between an invert soap on the one side and carbon, lecithin, erythrocytes and yeast cells on the other side. From the parallelism of the invert soap-lecithin and the invert soap-erythrocytes curves a specific reaction of the invert soap with the lipoids of the erythrocytes may be concluded, whereas the invert soap-yeast cells curves yield a pure adsorption isotherm corresponding to the invert soap-carbon curve.     

Technological forecasting with nonlinear models

The S-shaped growth curves such as Gompertz, logistic, normal and Weibuli are widely used for forecasting technological substitutions. A family of data-based transformed (DBT) models, which are linear in the regression parameters, including the above-mentioned four models as special cases has been shown to be quite useful for short-term forecasts. This paper explores modeling the technology penetration data directly with assumed S-shaped growth curves. The resulting models, which are nonlinear in the regression parameters, also incorporate proper dependence structure and power transformation. It appears that the nonlinear modeling is a viable alternative to the DBT and other conventional forecasting models in forecasting technological substitutions. Hence, an appropriate strategy is to consider the nonlinear modeling approaches as possible alternatives and use the data at hand to select, via pseudo-cross-validation, the best model for forecasting purposes.     

The tension/length relationship of an insect (Calliphora erythrocephala) supercontracting muscle

Summary The tension/length curves of an insect supercontracting striated muscle are described. Both vertebrate and invertebrate smooth (non-striated) muscles show a close similarity to these curves. Thus, although insects possess only striated muscle, some of these muscles can perform the function of smooth muscle of other animals.I would like to thank Dr.M. P. Osborne for supervizing this work which was supported by an S. R. C. studentship.     

Cell kinetic studies in the epidermis of the mouse. I. Changes in labeling index with time after tritiated thymidine administration

The changes in the labeling index (LI) with time after a single injection of tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) at each of 4 different times of the day have been studied. Slight differences occur in the shape of these LI curves, (e.g. in the timing of the peaks) depending on the time of day when the initial injection was given. Thus, the time of day influences not only the number of cells in DNA synthesis but also determines the subsequent behavior of the labeled cells. The curves show 3 distinct peaks from which estimates of the cell cycle time can be made. The technique permits the cell cycle time to be estimated. From the data as a whole a minimum cell cycle time of 90 h for basal cells in the epidermis on the back of a mouse is obtained. The technique also provides estimates for the duration of S + G2 + M which varies depending on the time of day that the label is given. The LI curves can best be understood if the basal layer is assumed to contain 2 cell populations with differing cell cycle times; one having a long cell cycle (about 180 h) but short S-phase and containing the stem cells, the other having a short cell cycle (about 90 h) and a long S-phase duration and consisting of transit cells.     

基于SHPB试验的高速铁路CRTSⅡ型CA砂浆动态性能

采用分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)试验研究了高速铁路CRTS II型水泥乳化沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)的动态力学性能,并建立了CRTS II型CA砂浆的动态本构关系模型.结果表明:随着应变率的增大,CRTS II型CA砂浆峰值强度逐渐增加,但增加速率随应变率的增大而减小,当应变率从44.17增加至54.79 s-1和从54.79增加至108.47 s-1时,峰值强度分别增加了初始峰值强度的52.28%和7.5%,弹性模量随应变率的变化规律性较差;应变率越大,破坏时的贯通裂纹越多,碎裂程度越大;CRTS II型CA砂浆的比能量吸收随着应变率的增大而增大.所建立的动态本构模型拟合曲线与试验曲线具有较好的一致性.