油库选址问题的多目标优化方法

【目的】研究油料运输过程中油库的最优选址问题。【方法】综合考虑多方面因素，建立以经济成本最小化、用油单位满意度及油库安全性最大化为目标的多目标优化模型，并对模型进行分析。【结果】基于多目标优化问题经典的线性加权标量化方法，引入模拟退火算法对多目标优化模型进行求解。【结论】提出的多目标优化方法能够在较高的安全性和满意度下获得更优的经济成本，为更好解决油库选址提供决策参考。     

基于满意度的可持续物流设施选址问题的多目标优化方法

【目的】为了研究可持续物流设施选址问题研究对企业供应链管理和物流配送服务中心的可持续性发展的影响。【方法】基于传统的无容量物流配送服务中心选址问题，引入满意度函数衡量客户对物流配送服务中心提供服务水平的平均满意程度，建立了以经济成本最小化、客户平均满意度最大化和二氧化碳排放量最小化为目标的一个多目标优化模型。【结果】基于多目标优化问题经典的ε 约束标量化方法和贪婪算法思想提出了多目标优化模型的一个求解算法。【结论】提出的多目标优化方法能够在较高的满意度下获得更优的经济成本和碳排放量，为更好地解决无容量物流配送服务中心选址问题提供了一个新的方法。     

基于范数标量化方法的多目标次梯度算法

【目的】提高多目标优化问题的收敛速率及解的精度。【方法】在欧式空间中基于范数标量化方法提出了求解多目标优化问题的次梯度算法。【结果】在每个目标函数与相应最小值的差的平方为凸函数的假设下，证明了多目标次梯度算法的Pareto弱有效解的收敛性。【结论】数值实验结果表明：提出的多目标次梯度算法在求解多目标线性优化模型时具有更快的收敛率，并且在求解非光滑多目标优化问题时具有更高的解的精度。     

基于离散粒子群算法的应急物资选址与调度

【目的】为了提高应急管理水平,有效降低突发事件的不良影响,研究了应急物资储备库的合理布局与物资调度问题。【方法】针对应急物资储备库与物资调度问题的特点,建立了考虑物资供应约束以及转运平衡约束的多目标优化模型,目标函数为储备库建设成本、维护成本与物资运输成本之和最小,整体风险程度和整体灾害处置难度最小。【结果】设计了带惯性权重的离散二进制粒子群算法对模型进行了求解。【结论】仿真实例表明了模型以及算法的有效性与收敛性。
     

时变路网环境下多温冷链配送路径优化研究

【目的】生鲜产品在冷链物流配送过程中的新鲜度及货损成本与配送行程所耗时间密切相关,而配送车辆在城市路网中不同时段行驶的速度不同,基于此在考虑了道路交通状况的时变路网特性之后研究配送的优化问题。【方法】针对时变路网环境下的多温区产品配送车辆调度问题,考虑载重质量与车厢容积及时间窗约束,建立由运输成本、货损成本及制冷成本构成的目标为总配送成本最小的数学优化模型,设计基于模拟退火算法的求解程序,并用MATLAB对实例进行求解。【结果】与以往研究中用平均速度方法求解出时间变量的方法不同,通过时变路网理论及模型求解,验证了时变路网环境下冷链配送路径优化模型及算法的有效性。【结论】结合时变路网,改进了货损成本中腐败函数的时间变量求解方法,刻画了各配送车辆每完成一个客户的配送后,车辆剩余货物在余下配送时间里货损成本继续发生的动态过程。     

高速公路充电站选址定容问题的多目标优化方法（英文）

【目的】高速公路充电站位置选择和容量确定对电动汽车应用推广具有重要意义。【方法】针对高速公路充电站选址定容问题,通过引入充电站的平均适配率,即电动汽车的充电需求与当前充电站总容量之间的匹配程度,以充电站的建设成本最小和充电站的平均适配率最大为目标建立了新的多目标优化模型。【结果】利用多目标优化问题的NSGA-Ⅱ算法对模型进行了数值实验,验证了模型的有效性。此外,本文也进一步研究了出行车辆数量、充电桩功率以及续航里程对充电站的建设成本和适配率的影响。【结论】数值实验表明:本文提出的多目标优化方法可以得到更高的充电站利用率和更低的建设成本,为高速公路充电站的选址定容问题提供了更加科学合理的决策参考。     

区域配送中心物流调度模型

针对物流系统调度中存在的区域配送"少批量,多批次"供货要求的问题,作者用时间片规范订单,通过拆分、组合订单及优化调度计划,降低成本.以某企业工程实践为背景,提出了一类区域配送的物流调度模型.该物流调度模型运用组合优化的思想,基于中央配送中心、区域配送中心、门店形成的三级运输配送体系结构,提出了在一定的约束条件(时间约束条件和空间约束条件)下,以最小成本实现物流调度计划的方法.求解算例表明,该模型对解决多货品、多门店的供货问题是有效的.     

具有范数结构多目标优化问题的近似方法及应用

【目的】研究了一类特殊的具有范数结构的多目标优化问题,并应用于解决实际问题。【方法】针对这类多目标优化问题的求解,基于标量化思想,在适当假设条件下提出了一种近似方法。【结果】可以通过调整几类参数的取值范围获得多目标优化问题的Pareto解。【结论】利用具有范数结构的多目标优化模型和本文提出的近似求解方法于绩效管理中基础工作量的设置和电厂发电机的分配问题。     

多目标优化问题近似解的一类标量化方法

【目的】研究多目标优化问题近似解的一类标量化方法。【方法】利用Ehrgott和Ruzika提出的多目标优化问题的标量化模型。【结果】建立了基于co-radiant集定义的(C,ε)-近似解和改进集定义的E-近似解的一些标量化结果,并提出了一些例子对主要结果进行了解释。【结论】所得结果为设计求解多目标优化问题近似解的最优算法提供理论与方法基础。     

绩效评价中最优基础工作量的研究

【目的】研究绩效分配中最优基础工作量问题。【方法】利用多目标优化工具。【结果】建立与基础工作量相关的分值转换模型、满意度模型,得到以最小化满意度差的平方和、最大化满意度和为目标的多目标优化模型,并利用遗传算法对此多目标优化模型求解。【结论】结果表明此多目标优化模型存在弱有效解,且是科学合理的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the