碳纳米管/水泥基复合材料导电机理的研究

利用四极法对碳纳米管/水泥基复合材料（MWNT/CC材料）的直流Ⅰ-V特性和交流阻抗特性进行了对比研究,同时采用SEM方法对碳纳米管在MWNT/CC材料的分布情况与连接情况进行了观察.研究结果表明,碳纳米管（MWNT）的掺入可以明显降低MWNT/CC材料的电阻率;不同MWNT掺量的MWNT/CC材料的电阻率在直流电压与交流电压下有相同的变化规律,且当MWNT掺量较高时,MWNT/CC材料内部出现了电容;当MWNT掺量较低时,MWNT/CC材料体现为非接触导电;当MWNT掺量提高到0.3％（占水泥质量的百分比）时,接触导电和非接触导电在MWNT/CC材料内部同时存在.     

新型三维(3,3)碳纳米管聚合体

本文研究了单壁(3,3)碳纳米管束在高压下的结构演变过程。在静水压40 GPa下,(3,3)碳纳米管束会直接聚合形成一种新型六方三维碳纳米管聚合体(命名为六方3D-(3,3)碳)。卸除压力后,它能保持其结构不变,成为一种新型半导体性的超硬碳。该研究为压缩碳纳米管合成新型碳提供了理论依据。     

先进传感器材料及其应用研究

传感器材料是传感器技术的基础,新材料的开发及应用促进了新型传感器的发展。文章扼要阐述了导电复合材料、纳米金属材料、碳纳米管材料等先进传感器材料在复合式柔性触觉传感器、电化学生物传感器、半导体气敏元件传感器中的应用。     

复合导电剂在超细炭微球超级电容器中的应用研究

导电剂能否在电极材料中形成良好的导电网络是影响超级电容器性能的关键因素之一.以改进St?ber法合成了高比表面积且具有多级孔结构的超细空心炭微球,以其为电极材料,对比研究了碳纳米管/炭黑复合导电剂与单一导电剂对基于超细空心炭微球超级电容器性能的影响.研究发现,在0.2 A/g的电流密度下,采用复合导电剂时其比电容为205.7 F/g,远高于单一导电剂时的比电容.尤其在100 A/g的大电流密度下,采用复合导电剂时的比电容高达104.0 F/g,相比炭黑导电剂提高了275%.分析表明,纤维状的碳纳米管和炭黑可在本身易团聚的超细空心炭微球中形成点-线协同作用的导电网络,这是提升超级电容器性能的主要原因.     

RuOx·nH2O在碳管表面的电沉积及其电容性能研究

以石墨底材上直接生长的碳纳米管为基体,采用电化学循环伏安法制备了氧化钌/碳纳米管/石墨电极,通过扫描电子显微镜考察了电极的表面形貌,并在硫酸溶液中研究了其电化学性能.结果表明:氧化钌/碳纳米管/石墨电极具有较好的超电容性能,当RuO2的载量为15.5μg.cm-2时,该复合电极的比电容为215 F.g-1,为相同条件下制备的氧化钌/石墨电极比电容的2.4倍.     

Nanocomposite Materials for Cathodes and Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are today the power sources of choice far portable electronics, a multi-billion dollar market. This outstanding success has spawned great international interest in applying this technology to more demanding systems, such as electric of hybrid vehicles. However, to achieve full success in this area, new electrode materials, less expensive, more energetic and more compatible with the environment than the present ones, have to be identified. Accordingly, intense R＆D are in progress to reach this goal and few variable alternatives to the original lithium-ion battery design, have been proposed. Particularly interesting is the olivine-structured LiFePO4 cathode developed by Go, enough and co-workers[33, which offers several appealing features, such as high, flat voltage profile and relatively high specific capacity, combined with low cost and low toxicity. However, LiFePO4 has one crucial disadvantage, i.e. its inherently low electric conductivity which reflects in the inability to deliver high capacity at high discharge rates. Such as poor rate capability has been the object of investigation by various groups who have proposed different approaches to overcome it, including carbon coating, nano-fibril textures, optimized synthesis procedures and foreign metal doping.     

注射工艺对碳纳米管填充聚合物材料导电性能的影响

注塑成型碳纳米管填充聚合物制品的电阻率由加工历史和原材料决定,最关键的是熔体的温度和剪切历史。该文综述了注塑模塑及熔体共混过程中,剪切作用、材料组成和温度对最终注塑制品的导电性能和碳纳米管导电网络结构的影响。     

固化行为对碳纳米管改性环氧树脂导电涂料性能的影响

制备以碳纳米管复合导电云母粉为导电填料、以改性环氧树脂为成膜树脂的大型储备油罐用的涂料。研究了固化行为对涂料主要力学性能、导电性能、玻璃化温度、交联密度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明当涂料24℃固化3天时交联密度增大附着力达到最高但下降。电阻率不稳定。当涂料24℃固化7天,固化完全,附着力最佳和电阻率稳定。涂料的交联密度、玻璃温度和弹性模量均不发生变化。     

聚合物复合材料非线性导电行为研究进展

导电填料复合材料的非线性导电行为可分为两大类,即在高压或强电流作用下发生不可逆非线性导电行为,以及在低压或弱电流作用下的宏观可逆非线性导电行为.文中阐述聚合物/导电填料复合材料在直流电、交流电作用下的可逆非线性导电行为,以及其相关导电机理,并展望非线性导电特性的应用前景.     

P(St-co-AN)/MWCNT-OH气敏传感器的制备与性能研究

以羟基多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT-OH)为导电材料,采用原位自由基溶液聚合方法制备了苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(P(St-co-AN)为基体的P(St-co-AN)/MWCNT-OH导电复合材料.利用MWCNT-OH与P(St-co-AN)间的共价键相互作用组装成一种对有机溶剂具有强烈响应性能的气敏传感薄膜.用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)及扫描电镜(SEM)对材料结构及形貌进行了表征.结果表明:MWCNT-OH与P(St-co-AN)间主要通过共价键相互作用形成紧密包覆,改善了相容性.气相性能试验表明:有机溶剂的响应行为主要受相似相容产生的膨胀模型控制.原位法构筑的传感薄膜表现出快速的响应性、良好的恢复性及重复稳定性.     

氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物的超电容性能研究

以氧化石墨烯（GO）作为表面活性剂分散原始的单壁碳纳米管（SWNT）,采用超声、冷冻干燥的办法得到氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和电化学测试对样品的形貌、结构、组成以及电化学性质进行表征。结果表明：氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物电化学性质得到了显著的提高,通过调节单壁碳管与GO的比例,发现SWNT质量为GO的10%时,得到的复合材料具有最好的超电容储能特性,在6mol·L-1的KOH电解液中,0.5A·g-1电流密度下其比电容可达155F·g-1,是相同条件下GO比电容(81.5F·g-1)的1.9倍,这种简单的方法获得的GO-SWNT复合材料在能量存储装置方面展现了广阔的应用前景。     

Effect of heating rate on the electrochemical performance of MnO X @CNF nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes

Carbon nanofibers （CNFs） and MnOjc@CNF nanocomposites （MCNFs） are fabricated by electrospin- ning and investigated as free-standing electrodes for sup- ercapacitor. This work presents the effect of heating rate during carbonization on the electrochemical behavior of the as-prepared MCNFs electrodes in 6 mol/L KOH elec-trolyte. Results show that the MCNFs electrodes carbon- ized by relatively slower heating rate exhibit higher specific capacitance. The electronic conductivity of the slow heated MCNFs electrodes is better than that of the fast heated electrodes due to the better crystallinity of the MnOx nanoparticles and the graphitic carbon layers forming on the surface of the Mn-loaded CNFs. These MCNFs electrodes demonstrate elevated rate capability and improved cycling performance without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor.     

低温催化裂解烷烃法制备碳纳米管

实验发现，甲烷可在较低温度（７２３Ｋ）下，在一种Ｎｉ催化剂上分解生成碳纳米管．透射电镜测试结果显示，通过此法制得的碳纤维几乎都具有管状结构．碳纳米管的外径，管长及产率明显地受催化剂的结构、性能，反应温度和原料气流速所支配．将所制得的产物浸泡在稀硝酸溶液中，溶去催化剂颗粒，经水洗，并于４７３Ｋ温度下烘干，可达到将碳纳米管产物与催化剂分离、纯化的目的．     

碳纳米管金属复合材料的合成及其吸波性能

通过乙炔催化裂解制得碳纳米管,采用浓硫酸和双氧水的混合溶液对碳纳米管进行表面羟基化修饰,利用化学镀使Pd、Co以及FePt金属纳米粒子成功地吸附在碳管表面,结果发现碳纳米管及其复合物均为介电损耗型介质,Co-碳纳米管复合物相比纯碳纳米管在高频区域有较强的宽范围吸收.     

High-performance flexural fatigue of carbon nanotube yarns

Carbon nanotube yarns （CNTY） possess good specific strength and specific conductivity. As such, their potential for commercial applications is significant. Fatigue performance is a significant consideration in yarn/wire applications. In this study, the flexural fatigue performance of CNTY spun from super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays was investigated using a reversed bending test. The results showed that CNTY exhibited excellent resistance to pure flexural fatigue, significantly outperforming stainless steel wire; CNTY failed where a combination of flexural fatigue and tension-tension fatigue had special hollow fracture morphology, and CNTY resistance remained fundamentally unchanged in the combination fatigue process.     

直接回收锰酸锂制备超级电容器MnS材料的研究

本文通过将锂离子电池正极废料锰酸锂转化为超级电容器材料MnS的方法来进行锰酸锂废料的再生利用。将正极废料溶解浸出后,调整废料浓度并加入硫源,水热得到MnS材料。X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及比表面分析仪测试的结果显示,水热法制备的MnS呈现良好的晶体结构,并具有较好的电容器特性。探究不同Mn2+浓度对最终产物性能影响发现：浸出液中Mn2+的浓度对最终产物的形貌、比表面积均有影响。其中当Mn2+浓度为0.5 M时,可以得到三维花状辐射结构。该辐射结构有利于提升电解液与材料之间的表面接触,从而促进材料电容性能。该种思路为锂离子电池正极材料的回收提供了新的思路,值得进一步的深入探究。     

基于梁理论的导电聚合物驱动器等效模型及实验验证

导电聚合物因具有能耗小、质轻、柔韧性好等优异特性,在生物机器人和生物医学设备中具有广泛的应用前景。本文针对多层弯曲型聚吡咯导电聚合物驱动器搭建的实验系统,依据等效悬臂梁理论建立驱动器力学模型。测量驱动器施加（0~1v）低电压时的基体弯曲变形量,通过研究驱动器的弯曲位移与电压、力与电压的关系,建立电压与等效均布载荷的函数关系式。实验结果表明,电压与垂直方向位移成线性关系,当电压为1V时偏转位移可达到驱动器长度的一半,并且得出电压与应变的比例因子。最后,通过驱动器举起其自身重量约为5倍的重物移动2.71 mm,验证了驱动器顶端可以承受力。     

Preparation of water-soluble multi-walled carbon nanotubes by Ce（IV）-induced redox radical polymerization

Poly(acrylic acid), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyacrylamide functionalized MWNTs were prepared by Ce(IV)-induced redox radical polymerization. The reaction can be conducted in aqueous media at room temperature, and the polymer graft ratio increased with the increase of monomer feed ratio. MWNTs anchored with PAA on the surface are pH sensitive and exhibit a reversible assembly–deassemblyresponse in aqueous solution, whereas those coated with PNIPAM are thermally sensitive. All the polymer-functionalized MWNTs are highly soluble in water to give robust stable black solutions. Such water-soluble MWNTs are promising for biological and biomedical applications.