内蒙古苔草属Carex L.植物新纪录

报道了苔草属Carex L.在内蒙古的地理分布新纪录12种植物。它们是Carexaugustinowiczii Meinsh.短鳞苔草、C.moorcroftii Falc.青藏苔草、C.pumila Thunb.栓皮苔草、C.maculata Boott斑点苔草、C.eleusinoides Turcz.蟋蟀苔草、C.songoricaKar.et Kir. 准格尔苔草、C.pseudo-cyperus L.假莎草苔草、C.platysperma Y.L.Chang et.Y.L. Yang双辽苔草、C.dichroa Freyn二色苔草、C.heterostachya Bunge.异穗苔草、C.siderosticata Hance宽叶苔草、C.loliacea L.间穗苔草。     

中国蚱总科8新种记述(直翅目)

记述采自广西、云南、江西及内蒙古等省区蚱总科8新种,即猫儿山玛蚱Mazarrediamaoershanensis sp.nov.、尖齿波蚱Bolivaritettix acumindentatus sp.nov.、金城江波蚱Bolivaritettixjinchengjiaangensis sp.nov.、宽片尖顶蚱Teredorus eurylobatus sp.nov.、环江蚱Tetrix huanjiangensis sp.nov.、鄂温克蚱Tetrix ewenkensis sp.nov.、球顶悠背蚱Eupaaratettix globivertex sp.nov.及褐条悠背蚱Eupaaratettixochronemus sp.nov.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所及河北大学博物馆.     

武陵山区湖南新纪录植物（Ⅱ）

报道了湖南植物分布新纪录种17个,变种3个,隶属11科,16属,它们是兴山唐松草（Thalictrum xingshanicum G. F. Tao）、鹤峰铁线莲（Clematis armandii var. hefengensis (G. F. Tao) W. T.Wang）、珠芽蓼（Polygonum viviparum Linn.）、湖北凤仙花（Impatiens pritzelii Hook. f.）、东川凤仙花（I. blinii Lévl. Cat.）、野梦花（Daphne tangutica var. wilsonii (Rehd.) H. F. Zhou ex C. Y. Chang）、纤细荛花（Wikstroemia gracilis Hemsl.）、小花栝楼（Trichosanthes parviflora C. Y. Wu ex S. K. Chen）、野草莓（Fragaria vesca Linn.）、五叶白叶莓（Rubus innominatu var. quinatus Bailey）、竹叶鸡爪茶（R. bambusarum）、峨嵋蔷薇（Rosa omeiensis Rolfe）、皱叶委陵菜（Potentilla ancistrifolia Bunge）、狼牙委陵菜（P. cryptotaeniae Maxim.）、文县黄蓍（Astragalus wenxianensis Y. C. Ho）、黔蚊母树（Distylium tsiangii Chun ex Walker）、羽脉野扇花（Sarcococca hookeriana Baill.）、峨嵋鹅耳枥（Carpinus omeiensis Hu & D. Fang）、曲脉卫矛（Euonymus venosus Hemsl.）、小果卫矛（E. microcarpus (Oliv.) Sprague）,纠正了链荚豆（Alysicarpus vaginalis (Linn.) DC.）的区系记录错误.     

华盛顿大学圣路易斯分校RichardK.Wilson专访:基因组序列及其回报

一种河豚鱼和一种鸭嘴兽.硅藻.引起结核、霍乱、伤寒、流感、炭疽热和溃疡(这里仅稍做列举)的细菌.当然还有大肠杆菌.许多寄生虫和病毒.黑程猩、猩猩、奶牛、鸡、天竺鼠、大熊猫.大鼠、蛔虫、面包酵母.美国黑杨、葡萄、洋葱和玉米.蚊子和果蝇.一种标准的贵宾犬和一种叫做Tasha的拳狮犬.家猫和非洲象.还有人.自从20世纪90年...     

内蒙古的锈菌Ⅱ.柄锈菌

报道内蒙古柄锈菌科柄锈菌属109种和变种,其中多被银莲花柄锈菌Puccinia anemones-raddeanae、当归生柄锈菌P.angelicicola、北极柄锈菌P.arctica、蚤缀柄锈菌P.arenariae、畸穗野古草柄锈菌P.arundinellae-anomalae、天门冬柄锈菌P.asparagi-lucidi、车叶草柄锈菌P.asperulae-aparines、赛铁线莲柄锈菌P.atragenes、黑棕柄锈菌P.atrofusca、贝加尔柄锈菌P.baicalensis、射干柄锈菌P.belamcandae、头巾状柄锈菌P.calumnata、软薹草柄锈菌P.caricis-molliculae、假毒麦薹草柄锈菌P.caricis-pseudololiaceae、宽叶薹草柄锈菌P.caricis-siderostictae、冠柄锈菌喜马拉雅变种P.coronata var.himalensis、黄鹌菜柄锈菌P.crepidis-japonicae、还阳参柄锈菌P.crepidis、梭孢柄锈菌P.fusispora、北非芦苇柄锈菌P.isiacae、盛冈柄锈菌P.moriokaensis、水芹柄锈菌P.oenanthes-stoloniferae、混淆柄锈菌P.permixta、珊瑚菜柄锈菌P.phellopteri、鹿角柄锈菌P.rangiferina、乱子草柄锈菌P.schedonnardi、裂叶荆芥柄锈菌P.schizonepetae、无柄柄锈菌P.sessilis、华北柄锈菌P.sinoborealis、修氏柄锈菌P.sjuzevii、盘果菊柄锈菌P.tatarinovii、德永柄锈菌P.tokunagai、堇菜柄锈菌P.violae、雾灵柄锈菌P.wulingensis和横手柄锈菌P.yokotensis等35种和变种为内蒙古新记录.文中提供了真菌名录,包括寄主和标本号.引证标本保存在赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)和中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS).     

四川省及重庆市绣球属的分类研究(II)——属的特征、分种检索表及种的描述

首次对四川省及重庆市绣球属作了较详尽的分类研究,提供了形态特征和分种检索表,并对每种进行了简要描述,包括了每种的文献引证、与近缘种的区别特征、物候、分布、标本引证等内容.绣球属在四川省及重庆市有18种及4变种,可明确地划分为4个组.离瓣组(Sect.Petalanthae(Maxim.)Wei)由西南绣球(H.davidii)和绣球(H.macrophylla)组成;挂苦子组(Sect.Heteromallae(Rehd.)Wei)由圆锥绣球(H.paniculata)、白背绣球(H.hypoglauca)、陕西绣球(H.hypoglaucavar.giraldii)、松潘绣球(H.sungpanensis)、挂苦绣球(H.xanthoneura)、四川挂苦绣球(H.xanthoneuravar.setchenensis)、灰绒绣球(H.mandarinorum)、大果绣球(H.macrocarpa)、白绒绣球(H.mollis)及微绒绣球(H.heteromalla)组成;绣球组(Sect.Hydrangea)由马桑绣球(H.aspera)、腊莲绣球(H.strigosa)、柔毛绣球(H.villosa)、乐思绣球(H.rosthornii)、莼兰绣球(H.longipes)、锈毛绣球(H.longipesvar.fulvescens)和盘果绣球(H.discocarpa)组成;冠盖组(Sect.CalyptrantheMaxim.)由冠盖绣球(H.anomala)、粉背绣球(H.glaucophylla)及绢毛绣球(H.glaucophyllavar.sericea)组成.     

武陵山区湖南新纪录植物（Ⅴ）

报道湖南植物分布新纪录属1个,即鞭打绣球属Hemiphragma Less.;新纪录种13个,即光叶党参（Codonopsis cardiophylla Diels ex Kom.）、多毛沙参（Adenophora rupincola Hemsl.）、车前紫草（Sinojohnstonia plantaginea Hu）、湖北附地菜（Trigonotis mollis Hemsl.）、广西地海椒（Physaliastrum chamaesarachoides (Makino) Makino）、青杞（Solanum septemlobum Bunge）、美穗草（Veronicastrum brunonianum (Benth.) D. Y. Hong）、岩白翠（Mazus omeiensis H. L. Li）、鞭打绣球（Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall.）、藓生马先蒿（Pedicularis muscicola Maxim.）、野芝麻马蓝（Pteracanthus lamius (C. B. Clarke ex W. W. Smith) C. Y. Wu et C. C. Hu）、日本黄猄草（Championella japonica (Thunb.) Bremek.）、紫苞野靛棵（Mananthes latiflora (Hemsl.) C. Y. Wu et C. C. Hu）、莸（Caryopteris divaricata Maxim.）,隶属6科,13属.     

组合塑料碳素纤维生物膜技术处理景观水体的研究

对一种新型组合碳素纤维填料应用到生物膜技术中进行了研究,探讨其对于富营养化景观水体的净化效果及最佳填充量。首先采用污水厂的活性污泥进行曝气挂膜,待挂膜成熟后,在温度25℃左右,曝气量2. 5 L/min条件下对比填料在0. 1、0. 3、0. 6、0. 9、1. 2 g/L等不同膜填充量下净水效果,探讨该组合材料处理景观水体的最佳膜填充量。结果表明:新型组合材料在膜填充量分别为0. 1、0. 3、0. 6、0. 9、1. 2 g/L时COD_(cr)去除率分别为81. 33%、88. 33%、91. 67%、98. 33%、81. 67%; TN去除率分别为42. 32%、45. 61%、53. 13%、60. 01%、44. 48%; TP去除率41. 51%、79. 39%、83. 76%、80. 12%、74. 29%。研究表明,该组合填料最佳膜填充量为0. 9 g/L,对富营养化水体中的COD_(cr)、TN、TP有良好的去除效果,是一种高效的新型水处理材料。     

中国池蝇属三新种一新亚种记述(双翅目:蝇科)

本文报告了中国池蝇属三新种一新亚种:蒙古池蝇Limnophora mongolica n.sp.、壮鬃池蝇L.papulicerca pubertiseta n.ssp.、直叶池蝇L.surrecticerca n.sp.、西臧池蝇L.ti-betana n.sp.;模式标本存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

贵州新分布植物

通过标本鉴定和查阅相关资料,发现贵州的8个新分布植物种,它们是广西樾桔(Vaccinium sinicum Sleumer)、栗色鼠尾草(Salvia castanea Diels)、白花双蝴蝶(Tripterospermum pallidum H.Smith)、凤庆南五味子(Kadsurain interior A.C.Smith)、川滇马铃苣苔(Oreocharis henryana Oliv.)、毛硬叶冬青(Ilexficifolia C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen et Y.X.Feng f.,Ilexdaiyun-shanensis C.J.Tseng)、小菱叶蓝钟花(Cyananthus microrhombeus C.Y.Wu)、长萼赤(Thladiantha longisepala C.Y.Wu et Luet Z.Y.Zhang)。     

微生物燃料电池用于低品位锰矿浸提的研究

为提高低品位锰矿的利用,实现有机废水对锰矿物粉的浸提,通过改造微生物燃料电池(MFC),在阴极反应池中增加电解室及矿物质室,构建用于锰矿湿法浸提的MFC反应器,实现有机废水与锰矿物粉的还原氧化反应的分离。结果显示,以乙酸钠为碳源,以低品位锰矿粉为阴极的MFC输出电压最高可达0.81 V,是以K₃[Fe(CN)₆]为阴极液(0.631 V)的1.23倍。在相同条件下,矿物浸提MFC对COD的去除率可达90.9%,高于对照组(87.5%),而降解时间为3 d,显著少于对照组(5.2 d)。在降解COD能力的提升上,可实现对低品位锰矿粉中MnO₂的还原,其锰含量由原矿粉的23%降至0.98%,浸提率可达95.7%。进一步通过高通量测序对阳极端菌群结构进行分析发现,其主要菌群为地杆菌属(Geobacter),相对于对照组的85%,矿物浸提MFC中该属比例占总菌群的95%。结果表明,矿物浸提MFC可有效地将有机降解与矿物浸提耦合,避免两者直接混合反应带来的二次废水污染及浸提产物硫酸锰的净化问题,在提高MFC产电效率、处理废水的同时,实现对低品位锰矿的浸提。     

Reductive leaching of low-grade manganese ore with pre-processed cornstalk

Cornstalk is usually directly used as a reductant in reductive leaching manganese. However, low utilization of cornstalk makes low manganese dissolution ratio. In the research, pretreatment for cornstalk was proposed to improve manganese dissolution ratio. Cornstalk was preprocessed by a heated sulfuric acid solution (1.2 M of sulfuric acid concentration) for 10 min at 80°C. Thereafter, both the pretreated solu-tion and the residue were used as a reductant for manganese leaching. This method not only exhibited superior activity for hydrolyzing corn-stalk but also enhanced manganese dissolution. These effects were attributed to an increase in the amount of reductive sugars resulting from lignin hydrolysis. Through acid pretreatment for cornstalk, the manganese dissolution ratio was improved from 50.14%to 83.46%. The pre-sent work demonstrates for the first time the effective acid pretreatment of cornstalk to provide a cost-effective reductant for manganese leaching.     

软锰矿还原酸浸制取金属锰电解液

对软锰矿还原酸浸过程进行了理论及实验研究,得出了最佳的浸出工艺条件：软锰矿：黄铁矿：硫酸为l：0．4：0．6～0.65,浸出温度95℃,浸出时间6h,液固比5：1。同时还讨论了电解液的净化过程。     

锰的氧化实验及动力学分析

锰的氧化主要是Ｍｎ２＋向高价态（Ｍｎ３＋,Ｍｎ４＋）的转变,这种转变可以通过多种方式实现,是一个复杂的反应过程．氧化实验与动力学分析结果表明,溶解的Ｍｎ２＋很容易被氧化,而固态的碳酸锰相对Ｍｎ２＋氧化进行得较慢;碳酸锰矿石与纯碳酸锰相比,氧化反应进行得较彻底,所得产物都是稳定的高价化合物;锰的氧化速率不仅受反应物浓度的影响,而且还受环境因素的影响;碱性条件以及非锰金属离子有利于锰的氧化．     

重庆高燕锰矿床的主量元素特征及其成因意义

高燕锰矿区矿层主量元素比值特征说明锰矿层沉积物主要来自海洋组分,沉积于较深的、弱氧化环境,锰矿形成可能与成岩作用有关。相关性分析结果显示锰矿层中Fe由陆源物质带入,Mn主要来自海洋组分,P主要来自富磷海洋生物。通过R型聚类分析将主量元素分为三组,分别代表陆源沉积物、海洋自生产物和生物沉积,组间相关性反映锰矿具生物成因特点。综上,认为高燕锰矿为海水中锰质经生物作用初始富集后在较深的、弱氧化环境下通过成岩作用所形成。     

ICP-AES测定锰矿中的微量元素

用酸消解对矿石样品进行预处理,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法一次测定锰矿石中的Co、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Ba等6种痕量元素。采用干扰系数校正法消除共存元素对被干扰元素的影响后对锰矿石标准物进行分析,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.3%~2.5%,精密性良好,通过对待测样品的分析,样品中6种待测元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.95%~4.31%,对待测元素Co和Pb的回收实验表明加标回收率为97.5%~103%,该方法分析速度快,工作量小,分析精度高,能满足锰矿石中痕量元素的分析要求。     

两矿法浸出软锰矿的工艺与理论

对国内流行的黄铁矿－软锰矿两矿法硫酸浸出软锰矿工艺进行了研究．结果表明，在一般的工艺条件下，锰浸出率较低，延长浸出时间对锰浸出率影响不大，而提高硫酸用量则使锰浸出率明显降低．此外，对该工艺过程的机理进行了分析，认为浸出过程中黄铁矿的氧化产物S0和SO竞争反应的并行存在，消耗了大量的黄铁矿，同时，强疏水性的元素硫S0的生成也阻碍了浸出反应的进一步进行，使实际浸出反应所需的黄铁矿量增加．     

Preparation of manganese sulfate from low-grade manganese carbonate ores by sulfuric acid leaching

In this study, a method for preparing pure manganese sulfate from low-grade ores with a granule mean size of 0.47 mm by direct acid leaching was developed. The effects of the types of leaching agents, sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and agitation rate on the leaching efficiency of manganese were investigated. We observed that sulfuric acid used as a leaching agent provides a similar leaching efficiency of manganese and superior selectivity against calcium compared to hydrochloric acid. The optimal leaching conditions in sulfuric acid media were determined; under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Ca were 92.42% and 9.61%, respectively. Moreover, the kinetics of manganese leaching indicated that the leaching follows the diffusion-controlled model with an apparent activation energy of 12.28 kJ·mol-1. The purification conditions of the leaching solution were also discussed. The results show that manganese dioxide is a suitable oxidant of ferrous ions and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is an effective precipitant of heavy metals. Finally, through chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, the obtained product was determined to contain 98% of MnSO₄·H₂O.     

Alkaline pretreatment for chlorine removal from high-chlorine rhodochrosite

Chloride in manganese ore adversely affects mineral extraction. The mechanisms and the factors that influence an alkali pretreatment to removal chlorine from manganese ore were explored to eliminate hazards posed by chlorine during the electrolysis of manganese. The results showed that sodium carbonate, when used as an alkaline additive, promoted the dissolution of insoluble chloride, enhanced the migration of chloride ions, and effectively stabilized Mn2+. The optimal conditions were a sodium carbonate concentration of 0.45 mol·L-1, a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 mL·g-1, a reaction time of 1 h, and a temperature of 25°C. The chlorine removal efficiency was greater than 95%, and the ore grade (Mn) was increased by 2.7%.     

Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade pyrolusite ore in sulfuric acid using pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant

Manganese (Mn) leaching and recovery from low-grade pyrolusite ore were studied using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as a leachant and pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust as a reductant. The effects of the dosage of pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust to pyrolusite ore, the concentration of sulfuric acid, the liquid/solid ratio, the leaching temperature, and the leaching time on manganese and iron leaching efficiencies were investigated. Analysis of manganese and iron leaching efficiencies revealed that a high manganese leaching efficiency was achieved with low iron extraction. The optimal leaching efficiency was determined to be 20wt% pyrolysis-pretreated sawdust and 3.0 mol/L H₂SO₄ using a liquid/ solid ratio of 6.0 mL/g for 90 min at 90℃. Other low-grade pyrolusite ores were tested, and the results showed that they responded well with manganese leaching efficiencies greater than 98%.