一种新的流体自由表面张力模拟方法

在流体模拟中，为了真实、有效地捕捉流体自由表面的微观特征，表面张力的真实模拟十分重要。针对现有的处理表面张力的粒子间相互作用力(inter-particle interaction force, IIF)方法模拟流体表面张力存在的流体自由表面不光滑、计算效率低、模拟效果不稳定等问题，文章提出一种新的流体自由表面张力模拟方法。首先提出一种快速准确检测流体自由表面粒子方法；然后构造新的粒子间作用力模型和表面面积最小化修正项，对检测出的自由表面粒子进行表面张力模拟，减少不必要的计算量；最后对临近自由表面处的流体粒子进行密度修正，提高自由表面附近流体粒子密度的计算精度。仿真结果表明，与已有的方法相比，该文方法对表面张力的模拟效率更高、效果更好。     

流体自由表面模拟的一种改进算法

基于光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法的流体自由表面的模拟需要在流体自由表面附近生成空气粒子来保证模拟精度,传统方法生成的空气粒子分布不够均匀平滑,影响模拟效果,而且计算量较大。文章对传统的连续表面力(continuum surface force,CSF)模型流体自由表面模拟添加空气粒子的方法进行改进,首先在流体自由表面的法向上动态生成双层空气粒子,然后对生成的空气粒子施加切向力,使得空气粒子均匀分布,从而提高流体自由表面的模拟精度。考虑到一般模拟的时间步长很短,空气粒子的位置在单位时间步长下变化很小,可以近似认为短时间内上一时间步的空气粒子还是下一时间步的空气粒子,因此文中提出自适应间隔时间步长重新生成空气粒子的的方法,减少了计算量,提高了模拟效率。     

面向Ghost光滑粒子动力学模拟的图形处理器快速邻居搜索算法

提出了一种全新的快速邻居搜索方法,该方法可提高基于光滑粒子动力学的流体模拟在图形处理器上的运行效率。此外,这种新的邻居表建立方法可以对两种或者两种以上的粒子进行邻居搜索,使所有粒子能在同一背景网格下拥有独立的粒子属性。在此基础上,引入了Ghost边界粒子以加强光滑粒子动力学方法在边界模拟上的准确性,从而使流体模拟更加真实。实验证明,与传统的基于图形处理器的光滑粒子动力学模拟相比,本文方法效率更高。     

基于物理的不可压缩流体动画模拟

在计算机动画领域中,经常需要对流体进行模拟,基于物理的流体模拟已成为目前的一个研究热点.纳维-斯托克斯方程组(Navier-Stokes Equations,NSE)能够完整的描述流体运动,对它的求解直接影响流体模拟的效果.本文利用MAC(Marker And Cell)方法求解NSE,通过粒子来确定流体的运动状态,能够生成具有真实感的流体动画.     

耗散粒子动力学在流动数值模拟中的应用

对耗散粒子动力学方法在流动问题中的应用进行了理论及数值研究，给出了耗散流体粒子运动的控制方程组、边界条件、数值方法及随机数据统计方法等．提出用固壁粒子层结合流体粒子反弹运动的方法来处理固壁边界有滑移流动边界条件，有效地消除了目前耗散粒子动力学及分子动力学模型在固壁附近的粒子密度波动问题．利用该方法编程计算了2类流动问题：方腔驱动流动与泊肃叶流动，计算结果与现有的理论及数值结果比较吻合，验证了所采用的数学模型、计算方法在流动数值模拟中的可行性及潜在优势．     

纳米流体在圆管中输运的两相流理论模型及黏度计算

基于Fokker-Planck方程与流体动量方程,建立了压力驱动纳米流体在园管中输运的两相流藕合理论模型,模型考虑了纳米粒子的相互碰撞效应、布朗运动效应以及纳米粒子与液体的相互耦合作用,本文所建立的模型没有引入任何唯象参数,与以往的唯象模型相比较,理论上更完备,采用该模型对纳米流体的黏度随温度、纳米粒子体积分数以及粒子尺度的变化规律进行了预测,结果表明,在高粒子体积分数下,纳米流体剖面速度分布呈＂柱塞＂状,这与单相流体剖面速度呈抛物线分布有明显的差异,该模型预测的黏度在较大范围内均与实验结果很好的吻合.     

含Ag-乙二醇纳米流体的制备及其导热性能研究

本文在室温下采用直接还原法制备了含PVP表面修饰、高负载量的纳米银-乙二醇纳米流体。实验详细比较了各种反应条件对Ag纳米粒子结构、大小、形貌以及乙二醇纳米流体的稳定性、负载量的影响。结果表明：由于PVP对银粒子有良好的表面修饰作用和纳米粒子自身的布朗运动,使得银粒子能够稳定地分散于乙二醇流体中。当PVP含量为12.5 g.L-1时,Ag粒子最大负载量可以达到20.96 g.L-1。同时采用仿制的纳米流体导热系数测试装置测定了上述不同负载量流体的导热系数,结果表明纳米流体比纯乙二醇的导热系数明显提高,当银粒子的体积分数为0.06%时,纳米流体的导热系数提高了36%。     

Stanton－Tube在测量流体壁面剪切力中的几个问题

对所给出的流体剪切力测量装置Ｓｔａｎｔｏｎ管，在空气管流与风洞中进行了广泛的试验研究，试验表明，这种差压管所测量的流体剪切力值可由文中所导出的公式表示为压差的幂函数，Ｓｔａｎｔｏｎ管的敏感结构尺寸在于它的总高度Ｈ，若能从结构上将Ｓｔａｎｔｏｎ管在固体表面法向上的高度尺寸降至湍流边界层层流底层厚度以下，则可不必对其进行标定而直接利用公式从压差值△Ｐ导算出流体剪切力。     

基于流体体积法和浸入边界法的粘性二相流模型对带障碍物溃坝的数值模拟

本研究提出了一种基于浸入边界法（IBM）和流体体积法（VOF）的粘性二相流的数值模型。其中,IBM用于处理流体中的固体边界的影响,VOF用来捕捉自由液面。由于自由液面处流体的密度和粘性系数是变化的,所以,在流场控制方程中将密度和粘性系数也当作变量来处理。基于该模型,对带障碍物的溃坝这个经典的问题进行了数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与其他研究者的试验及模拟结果进行了对比分析,验证了该数值模型的有效性和实用性。     

纳米流体中气体水合物生成过程的实验研究

提出了制冷剂气体水合物在纳米流体中快速生成的设想，并通过HCFC141b气体水合物在纳米铜流体（由质量分数为0．049／6的十二烷基苯磺酸钠-6（SDBS）溶液和名义直径为25nm的纳米铜粒子组成）中的生成实验验证了此设想．实验结果表明：与去离子水中HCFC141b气体水合物的生成过程相比，纳米铜流体中的SDBS是造成HCFC141b气体水合物诱导时间明显缩短的主要原因，而纳米铜粒子对诱导时间的影响不大；纳米铜流体中汹的乳化作用和纳米铜粒子大的比表面积大大促进了HCFC141b在水中的溶解；纳米铜粒子的加入明显加强了HCFC141b气体水合物生成过程中的传热传质，随着纳米铜粒子粒子数的增加，HCFC141b气体水合物生成过程明显缩短．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-