线性空间的极大子空间

引进了线性空间的极大子空间的概念,主要得出了3个结论：（1）线性空间V的子空间M是极大子空间当且仅当M是一维子空间的余子空间。（2）线性空间的任意子空间都可表示为一些极大子空间的交。（3）在满足子空间降链条件的线性空间中,每个子空间可表示为有限个极大子空间的交。     

随机度量空间及其分解

研究了随机度量空间、概率度量空间、Ｍｅｎｇｅｒ空间及度量空间之间的关系。随机拟度量空间可以生成拟概率度量空间，随机度量空间生成的预概率度量空间在比Ｔ∞强的ｔ范数之下都不是Ｍｅｎｇｅｒ空间。按照一定的方式，随机拟度量空间可以分解成一簇拟度量空间，同时随机度量空间可以分解成一簇度量空间。     

浅谈实数域上的拓扑空间

在实数域上,构造了三个拓扑空间:左闭拓扑空间E、右闭拓扑空间G、无限拓扑空间F。左闭拓扑空间E的基为{Br(z,d)|r>0为有理数,z∈R},满足第二可数公理。在分离性上,左闭拓扑空间E既是正则空间,又是正规空间,从而是T2空间、T1空间、T0空间,但是是非连通的。右闭拓扑空间G结构和左闭拓扑空间E相同。无限拓扑空间F是T0空间,不是T1空间。但是,无限拓扑空间F是连通的。     

上海豫园掇石空间营造浅析

阐述上海豫园掇石空间格局,分析豫园掇石营造空间的手法以及形成的六种空间效果：空间对比、导向空间、空间渗透、丰富空间、空间延展和空间连贯。指出豫园在掇石空间营造方面的不足,并以之为例,提炼掇石营造空间的原则。     

N-空间，Lasnev空间和g-函数

借助于g-函数,给出了N-空间,Lasnev空间的较简单的时刻。利用g-函数刻划N-空间和Lasnev空间以及度量空间,以便容易看出度量空间、N-空间及Lasnev空间的区别。     

弱诱导空间族的和空间

本文是笔者研究 LF 和拓扑空间的继续,在这篇文章中笔者讨论了弱诱导空间的和空间的性质,并给出 LF 和拓扑空间是弱诱导空间的充要条件以及弱诱导空间的和空间与底空间的关系,同时还证明了LF 和拓扑空间是 T_0 空间、次 T_0 空间、T_1 空间、T_2 空间、ST_1 空间、ST_2 空间的一个充要条件。     

拓扑空间的笛卡儿乘积

讨论了某些拓扑空间的有限笛卡儿乘积，主要包括紧致空间、连通空间、以及A2（A1）空间。相应的有三个结论：n个紧致空间、连通空间、以及A2（A1）空间的笛卡儿乘积仍为紧致空间、连通空间、以及A2（A1）空间。     

一种新的空间分类挖掘方法

空间分类是空间数据挖掘的一个重要的研究分支 ,空间分类挖掘在对空间对象进行分类时 ,要考虑空间对象的非空间属性及其邻接对象对它分类的影响。本文提出一种新的空间分类挖掘方法 ,该方法将空间对象的非空间属性及空间属性分开来进行考虑。该分类方法具有良好的应用前景。     

广义序列紧空间的∑—积

本文证明了Ｄ－紧空间，ψ０－有界空间都是∑－可乘积的。讨论了在弱子序列式的Ｔ１－空间类中。可数紧空间，ωＭ－空间，ω△－空间。Ｍ－空间。拟完全空间的∑－可乘积性。     

关于k-U-空间的对偶空间

目的研究k-U-空间的对偶概念:k-U*-空间及其性质。方法利用了Banach空间理论的方法。结果与结论 k-U-空间和k-U*-空间是一对对偶概念,即若X*是k-U*-空间,则X是k-U-空间。若X*是k-U-空间,则X是k-U*-空间。     

Neurotrophic regulation of synapse development and plasticity

Neurotrophic factors are traditionally thought to be secretory proteins that regulate long-tern survival and differe, ntiation of neurons. Recent studies have revealed a previously unexpected role for these factors in synaptie de velopment ami plasticity in diverse neuronal populations. Here we review experimeuts carried oul in our own laboratory in the last few years.. We have made two important discoveries.First,we were among the first to report that brain-derived. neurotrophie faclor (BDNF) facilitates hippocampal hmg-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plaslicity believed to be involved in learning and memory. BDNF modulates LTP al CAI synapses by enhaneing synaptic responses to high frequency, tetanic slimulalion. This is achieved primafily by facilitating synaptie vesicle doeking, possibly due to an in crease in the levels of the vesicle prolein synaptobrevin and synaptoplysin in the nerve terminals. Gene knockout study demonstrates thai the effects of BDNF are primarily mediated through presynaptic mechanisms. Second, we demonstrated a form of long-term, neurotrophin-mediated synaptic regulation. We showed that long-term treatment of the neuromuscu lar synapses with neurotrophin-3 (NT3) resulted in an enhancement of both spontaneous and evoked synaptic currcuts, as well as profound changes in thc number of synaptic varicosities and syuaptic vesicle proteins in motoneurons, all of which are indicative of more mature synapses. Our current work addresses the following issues:(i) activity-dependent trafficking of neurotrophin receptors, and its role in synapse-specific modulation; (ii) signal transduction mechanisms medialing the acute enhancement of synaplic transmission by neurotrophins; (iii) acute and long-tenn synaptie actions of the GDNF family; (iv) role of BDNF in late-phase LTP and in the development of hippocampal circuit.     

次ψ性质（Ⅰ）

本文引入的次　性质是文［２］　性质的推广，并讨论了次　的等价刻划。证明了　　次　　可数亚紧、次亚紧　次　，给出的例子表明上述箭头均不可逆     

Recombinant soluble TRAIL induces apoptosis of cancer cells

TRAIL is a tumor necrosis factor family member that selectively induces apoptosis of cancer cells but not of normal cells. To develop TRAIL into a potential cancer drug, three different sizes of soluble TRAIL fragments, including sTRAIL(74—281), sTRAIL(95—281) and sTRAIL(101—281), were expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Apoptosis assays indicated that sTRAIL(95—281) and sTRAIL(101—281), but not sTRAIL(74—281), can potently induce apoptosis of various cancer cell lines in 6 h, suggesting that the N-terminal fragment of aa101 has inhibitory effect on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, we found that some cancer cells were resistant to TRAIL and the resistant cells could be converted into sensitive cells by treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, suggesting that one or more short-lived proteins are responsible for cells’ resistance to TRAIL.     

从学生体质现状论高校体育教学改革

本文从分析学生体质的现状入手。针对目前高校体育教学中存在的一些问题,提出改革体育教学的措施:强化各种球类项目的活动,注重民族传统体育项目中的气功、体育舞蹈和体育卫生保健知识的教学,增强学生的体育意识,重视身体素质教育。     

Relative humidity reconstruction for northwestern China's Altay Mountains using tree-ring δ~(18)O

Relative humidity is an important factor in water and water vapor feedback cycles.In this study,we established a 222-year annual tree-ring δ~(18)O chronology for Siberian larch(Larix sibirica Ldb.)from the Altay Mountains in northwestern China.Climate response analyses revealed that the relative humidity was the primary factor limiting tree-ring δ~(18)O fractionation.Based on our analysis,tree-ring δ~(18)O can be used to reconstruct the July–August relative humidity based on both a reasonable mechanism of tree-ring δ~(18)O fractionation and a statistically significant regression model.We used this model to reconstruct variations in the July–August relative humidity,and the model explained 47.4% of the total variation in the measured relative humidity data from 1961 to 2011.The relative humidity in the study area increased from 1900 to the 1990s and decreased thereafter.Two regime-shift dry periods were detected during the study period(one from 1817 to 1830 and the other from 2004 to 2011).     

Episodic evolution of prolactin gene in primates

In the present study, we obtained exon 2--5 of prolactin (PRL) gene from four primate species by PCR and sequencing. Adding other genes available in GenBank, we calculate amino acid substitution rates for prolactin gene in primate. Comparison of nonsynonymous substitution rate to synonymous substitution rate ratios shows no evidence of positive selection for any lineage of primate prolactin gene.According to this and the facts that (i) no sites under positive selection are inferred by using maximum-likelihood method;(ii) among 32 amino acid replacement that occurred along the rapid evolutionary phase, only two are included in the 40 functionally important residues, indicating that amino acid replacement tends to occur in those functionally unimportant residues; (iii) partial of prolactin function is replaced by placental lactogen in primate at the rapid evolutionary phase of prolactin gene, we thus deem that it is relaxation of purifying selection to some extent rather than positive selection that enforces the rapid evolution of primate prolactin gene.     

多环芳烃K区和L区理论指数的计算

用K区和L区理论指数预测多环芳烃的致癌活性时,要计算分子的碳定域能(C、L、E)_(min),邻位定域能(O、L、E)和对位定域能(P、L、E)。本文以苯分子为例,对计算方法作了具体介绍。     

非线性振动系统的亚谐分叉及物理参数条件

在非线性参数振动系统动力分叉理论分析的基础上，进一步对实际物理系统的分叉特性进行了研究．着重讨论了系统物理参数与不同拓扑结构分叉响应的对应关系及力学性质，指出实际物理系统可能产生分叉的条件．     

Braking of high-speed flows in the magnetotail:THEMIS joint observations

The motion and deceleration processes of plasma sheet high-speed flows have great significance to magnetospheric particle acceleration,magnetic field perturbation,magnetic flux transport,triggering of substorm,and the current system formation in the magnetotail.From February to April 2009,two satellites of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission,THA and THE,were often separated largely in Z direction,but had small X and Y separations.Such special configuration allows simultaneous observations of highspeed flows at the center and boundary of the plasma sheet.Based on selected case study and statistical analysis,it is found that for about 89%of the events we selected,the probe further away from the neutral sheet observed the high-speed flow earlier than the one close to the center,and the flow is mainly field aligned.And for about 95%events the probe further away from the neutral sheet observed higher X component of the plasma flow.With the hypothesis that parallel flow keeps the same speed during its earthward propagation while central plasma sheet stream uniformly or suddenly brakes on its way to the earth,we deduced the position where the deceleration begins to be between 13 Re and 17 Re downtail,where thenear-earth reconnection is supposed to occur.In addition,our statistical results show that dipolarization fronts observed in the central plasma sheet are more prominent than those observed in the plasma sheet boundary layer ahead of the high-speed flow.