系统哲学与邓小平“先富带动后富”的区域经济发展观

深圳经济特区近30年来取得的成就得益于邓小平先富带动后富的区域经济发展思想,该思想吻合了系统哲学中差异协同论、层次转化论和整体优化论的理论观点。从建国初期到改革开放,我国区域经济发展走过了均衡—非均衡—协同发展的道路;而深圳在自身繁荣发展过程中始终奉行邓小平先富带动后富的思想。     

从系统观看历史主义科学哲学的中心概念

运用系统论的观点和方法，分析历史主义科学哲学中的中心概念，认为范式是一个不确定的系统；研究纲领是一个具有刚性结构的系统；信息域是一个信息项整合的系统；研究传统是一个边界确定的系统。这几个中心概念都具有系统思维方式，都试图用之解释科学的发展。     

Editorial

This issue of Systemic Practice and Action Research focuses on systemic thinking in China. It results from considerable efforts invested in the project by Gerald Midgley and Jennifer Wilby. I am very grateful to Gerald and Jennifer, who have made available to our readership important research issues that would otherwise remain published only in the Chinese language. Inevitably a huge amount of editorial work is required when assisting people not fluent in the English language so that their papers are raised to a standard suitable for publication in a journal published in English. In addition, Gerald and Jennifer have put together a series of papers that make up an interesting whole that tells an important story. Thanks are extended to Gerald and Jennifer for this contribution.     

Knowledge-scientific evaluation of community service systems

This paper proposes a knowledge-scientific approach to evaluation of community service systems from the viewpoints of knowledge creation, consciousness reform, and value co-creation. A concrete example of the community service system treated here is an education program for old men to find their reason for living after the retirement. After introducing this program and the traditional evaluation methods for such a program, the paper emphasizes the necessity of developing new evaluation methods for such a community service system based on knowledge science. The paper proposes a new evaluation framework and reports an actual evaluation result using the interview data from participants in that program.     

煤矿建设项目安全事故系统思考

本文采用解释结构模型（ISM）方法分析煤矿建设项目安全系统结构层次,描述安全要素的影响路径关系,把安全系统划分为现场作业层、安全保障层、决策管理层和监督规范层四个结构层次,界定安全事故涉及的行为主体。采用系统思考观点,讨论造成煤矿建设项目安全系统结构功能失效的原因,有助于深化认识安全事故的致因机理。     

Qualitative Simulation of Non-linear SISO System

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从基于逻辑的人工智能到社会智能的发展

从思维科学和系统科学交叉发展的观点回顾人工智能半个世纪发展的历程：它经历了以“物理符号系统”为假设的传统人工智能（逻辑思维的模拟）；人工神经网络为代表的分布式人工智能（形象思维的模拟）；现场人工智能（逻辑思维、形象思维与运行环境相结合的模拟）；智能体技术、人工社会研究所涌现的社会智能（社会思维和群体智慧与运行环境相结合的模拟）。钱学森于1990年发表了开放的复杂巨系统及处理这类系统有关复杂问题的方法论，接着提出：我们要研究的不是智能计算机，是人机结合的智能系统，以此为基础，建立了信息空间综合集成研讨体系（Cybespace for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering），为社会智能涌现提供了可操作的技术平台。     

Functions and Inter-Relationships of Operating Agencies in Policy Implementation from a Viable System Perspective

Existence of supporting entities and their cohesive operations are important elements in industry development policy undertaken in emerging economies, which are characterized by heavy government interventions and involved many agencies and institutions. One of the models that emphasizes on cohesiveness as a precondition for viability is the viable system model (VSM). In this study, we adopt the VSM in combination with theories of innovation and innovation system as our conceptual framework to describe and explain the functions and relational structure that exist among agencies/institutions and that of the agencies with their environment elements within one policy level system implementation. We select a biotechnology industry development policy for our analysis, the implementation of which has been designated as a strategic vehicle to support the economic development goals of an emerging economy. The findings, which generate a model of the policy-level system implementation, explain the operating agencies’ functions and their inter-relationships. The emergent model provides policy makers and implementers recommendations for improvements, as well as offers future researchers potential for comparison between existing performance of a policy implementation against its expected performance targets. The study concludes that the biotechnology industry development is an effort by the Malaysian government to institutionalize biotechnology businesses and industry. The perspective of systems thinking, in combination with theories of institutionalization, innovation and innovation system, provide important foundations in explaining technology-based industry development. All these findings highlight that the knowledge gain in explaining and interpreting the problem in focus is worthwhile, although the use of VSM as a research tool demands considerable efforts.     

基于神经网络方法的大体积混凝土裂缝控制专家系统的研究

初次建立基于神经网络方法的大体积混凝土裂缝控制 ES的框架结构 ,对框架的设计思路、总体结构、知识库的构建、神经网络应用模式的具体实现等展开了描述 ,重点对神经网络聚类方法在神经网络知识库和自学习功能中的应用进行了研究 ,并且通过计算机模拟进行了可行性验证 ,从中得出了一些有益的结论和新的理论设想.     

GB/T19000-ISO9000标准的知识特征和层次结构

对 ISO90 0 0质量管理和质量保证系列标准的特点从知识结构和层次结构的角度进行了系统的分析 ,为人们理解标准提供了一种新的思路 ,这无疑是将知识管理的方法运用于 ISO90 0 0这个复杂系统的一种新的尝试.     

Fair and Open Approach to Academic Publishing

The Journal Systemic Practice and Action Research (SPAR) aims to encourage into print authors and practitioners of systemic thinking and practice from all kinds of background. In this note we describe both the publishing world into which SPAR has emerged and the systemic and inclusive thinking behind the journal’s publishing policy. We set out our manifesto for a fair and open approach to academic publishing. “A rich and diverse set of potential bibliometric and scientometric predictors of research performance quality and importance are emerging today—from the classic metrics (publication counts, journal impact factors and individual article/author citation counts) to promising new online metrics such as download counts, hub/authority scores and growth/decay chronometrics. In and of themselves, however, metrics are circular: They need to be jointly tested and validated against what it is that they purport to measure and predict, with each metric weighted according to its contribution to their joint predictive power. The natural criterion against which to validate metrics is expert evaluation by peers; a unique opportunity to do this is offered by the 2008 UK Research Assessment Exercise, in which a full spectrum of metrics can be jointly tested, field by field, against peer rankings.” (Harnard 2008)     

ELECTRONIC DISCLOSURE AND FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

1. Introduction Majority of financial information are disseminated through the Internet, every day, huge amount of financial information are generated but the utilization is not good enough: according to the 10th WWW User Survey by the Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Centre (GVU 1998), more than 45 percent of the respondents felt that they were not able to find the information they needed. A study of the Internet demography showed that searching, retrieving, and utilizing the avail…     

基于思维模拟的实时战术级地面防空C~3I智能辅助决策模型

基于思维模拟思想 ,根据军事决策的特点 ,对防空 C3 I系统智能辅助决策问题进行探讨 .主要作了以下几方面的工作 :针对决策信息特点 ,对信息进行分类 ;利用产生式规则进行知识表示 ;运用综合推理方法模拟指挥员的战略、战术决策 ;给出地面防空 C3 I智能辅助决策模型 ;采用面向对象思想对模型进行组织 .仿真结果表明系统初步实现了军事决策过程中人机的智能结合 ,典型事例的目标分配结果与专家决策结果基本吻合 .     

基于思维模拟的实时战术级地面防空C~3I智能辅助决策模型

基于思维模拟思想 ,根据军事决策的特点 ,对防空 C3 I系统智能辅助决策问题进行探讨 .主要作了以下几方面的工作 :针对决策信息特点 ,对信息进行分类 ;利用产生式规则进行知识表示 ;运用综合推理方法模拟指挥员的战略、战术决策 ;给出地面防空 C3 I智能辅助决策模型 ;采用面向对象思想对模型进行组织 .仿真结果表明系统初步实现了军事决策过程中人机的智能结合 ,典型事例的目标分配结果与专家决策结果基本吻合 .     

Critical Systems Thinking on the Inefficiency in Post-Earthquake Relief: A Practice in Longmen Shan Fault Area

The Longmen Shan Fault area is one of the most active seismic zones in the world, has a relatively dense population and a low economic development level. Therefore, the provision of effective post-earthquake relief is very important for saving lives and restricting financial losses. However, providing urgent relief is a complex problem that requires efficient coordination between the organizations, and departments involved, and the specific environments, for the supply of urgent materials, energy and information. In practice, although there are sufficient relief supplies, because of the lack of systemic thinking, relief activities are often chaotic leading to inefficiencies and even increases in the damage and loss of life. In this study, a critical systems thinking approach is used to reflect on the system contexts, boundaries, structures and functions of the emergency relief systems. Using systems modeling we constructed simulations for different relief plans and their consequences, and a work shop of metasynthetic engineering was constructed to integrate the different views, knowledge and contexts. At the practical stage, after the model’s validity was verified from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake data, based on the 2013 Lushan earthquake simulation results, some recommendations are made to improve future post-disaster relief operations. Finally, the significance of critical systems thinking is demonstrated to ensure effective and efficient of post-earthquake relief. Some limitations and future research also have been presented in conclusion.     

关于系统与点关系的哲学思考

关于系统与点关系的哲学思考,就是要从哲学的视角联系实际认识两者的关系。并运用于实践。系统和点的关系是客观存在的,并存在着一种默契和内在的联系和统一;对它们关系的认识是一种灰色思维,两者的关系具有相对性、隐蔽性、稳定性、突变性等特点;对系统与点及其关系的哲学思考具有重要意义。     

How Task Allocation Strategy Affects Team Performance: A Computational Experiment

This paper studies how to determine task allocation schemes according to the status and requirements of various teams, to achieve optimal performance for a knowledge-intensive team (KIT), which is different from traditional task assignment. The way to allocate tasks to a team affects task processing and, in turn, influences the team itself after the task is processed. Considering the knowledge requirement of tasks as a driving force and that knowledge exchange is pivotal, we build a KIT system model based on complex adaptive system theory and agent modeling technology, design task allocation strategies (TASs) and a team performance measurement scale utilizing computational experiment, and analyze how different TASs impact the different performance indicators of KITs. The experimental results show the recommend TAS varies under different conditions, such as the knowledge levels of members, team structures, and tasks to be assigned, particularly when the requirements to the team are different. In conclusion, we put forward a new way of thinking and methodology for real task allocation problems and provide support for allocation decision makers.     

You are Seldom Born with a Drum Kit in Your Hands: Music Teachers’ Conceptualizations of Knowledge and Learning Within Music Education as an Assessment Practice

Due to an increased demand for evaluation and accountability, the focus on assessment in public education has become stronger. Already leading to teachers’ deprofessionalization, another risk is assessment leading to criteria compliance and becoming a tool for measuring teaching quality. Those whose learning is affected are thereby not only students, but also teachers. One major factor to restore professionalism and focus assessment on learning is to change practitioners’ ways of thinking and not only their behaviour. Therefore, a group of seven music teachers and a researcher in music education have carried out a research and development project using participatory action research as approach as well as method. This article explores and presents these upper secondary school music teachers’ conceptualizations of musical knowledge, learning and educational communication working with peers. Using Deweyan pragmatism as a lens to interpret the qualitative data, the results show that while a professional language does exist, the music teachers’ conceptualizations of musical knowledge and learning and educational approaches differ. A key aspect for the teachers to develop their professional language, concepts and assessment practices is the teachers’ opportunities to communicate—both factual as well as perceived.