浅析冷战后美国进军中亚的原因

中亚在苏联解体前作为加盟共和国是苏联的一部分，是苏联的“战略后院”。苏联解体后，代之而起的俄罗斯虽仍视其为“战略后院”，但在该地区的势力有所减弱。美国瞄准时机，渗入中亚。1994年美国主导北约东扩，将中亚四国(除塔吉克斯坦外)纳入“和平伙伴计划”；1997年出台“新中亚战略”，目标是使中亚成为其能源供应基地。2001年“9·11”事件发生后，美国为打击阿富汗塔利班政权，驻军于中亚。阿富汗战争结束后，美国不打算撤出中亚。美国进军中亚的原因是：中亚重要的地缘战略地位；丰富的能源；为排挤俄罗斯在中亚的势力以及打击恐怖主义的需要。     

阿富汗战争及美国中亚驻军长期化对中国安全的影响

美国以塔利班包庇"9.11"恐怖袭击的幕后凶手为由,对阿富汗发动大规模空袭,并借机进军中亚。美国发动阿富汗战争并进军中亚并非仅仅为反击恐怖主义,其战略意图是多方面的。种种迹象表明美军不会轻易撤出中亚,美国在中亚长期驻军对中国安全的影响是深远的,长远来看,其负面影响更为明显,这要求我们从战略高度审视阿富汗战争及美国中亚驻军长期化对我国安全环境的影响。     

“连接中亚”：印度重启中亚攻略

2013年9月，中国国家主席习近平出访中亚四国，并出席了在比什凯克举行的上海合作组织峰会。在此次峰会上，习主席提出了共同建立“丝绸之路经济带”、将上合组织打造成“命运共同体和利益共同体”等一系列战略构想，得到外界高度评价。中国在中亚刮起红色旋风让邻国印度心里有点酸。这个古老国度曾经与中亚地区有着特殊而密切的关系，如今却落后于其他大国。近年来，印度已经就此进行了深刻反思，并提出“连接中亚政策”，以推行新的中亚战略。     

中亚地区的伊斯兰化进程及其特点

公元7世纪后期，伊斯兰教随着阿拉伯人占据呼罗珊而传入今中亚南部地区，并由南而北，以战争、商贸和传教士等形式在一千余年的时间里经历了五个发展阶段后，最终普及中亚。伊斯兰教在中亚的传播过程中，表现出极大的灵活性和对当地社会、民族及原有化很强的适应性。     

水危机与中亚安全分析

对中亚各国而言,水已经成为一种稀缺的、不可替代的战略资源.由于多年来对水资源过度开发而未实行有效的保护,中亚地区出现了非常严重的水危机,并对中亚地区安全产生不利影响.如何加强合作、化解水危机,以维护中亚地区的安全与稳定成为中亚各国在新的世纪必须破解的难题.     

发展河南省与中亚五国经贸合作关系探析

依据中亚五国的经济环境和对外经贸交往的特点,河南省根据自身省情可以以大开发为背景,“进一步扩大对外开放”,同该地区发展经贸合作,在劳务、旅游贸易、农业、油气开发、经济技术合作等多个领域开展和中亚五国的经贸往来.     

第二次中亚峰会：由凝聚共识到协商共治

2019年11月29日,被称作“中亚峰会”的中亚五国领导人会晤在乌兹别克斯坦首都塔什干举行。这是2018年3月15日在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳(今改称“努尔苏丹”)举行的首届中亚五国领导人会晤的后续进程。本届中亚峰会不仅丰富和发展了上次会晤的议题,而且各国领导人还通过《联合声明》和各自讲话提出了一系列旨在加强地区内安全、经贸、交通、人文等领域合作的具体倡议,完成了一些理念上的重要升级,预示中亚各国协作关系将进一步深化。     

中亚毒品贸易及其对我国的影响

近年来,中亚毒品贸易日渐活跃,该地区已成为阿富汗毒品流向世界各地的中转枢纽和贩运通道之一.毒品贸易与极端恐怖势力的结合日益紧密,这对中亚国家的安全与稳定构成了严重的威胁,也对我国的安全产生了不容忽视的影响.加强对这种现象的研究,分析其原因,并找到行之有效的应对之策已经成为相关各国必须破解的一道难题.     

中亚地域界说辨析

研究中亚史，首先必须划定中亚地区的界线，明确中亚一词的范围，可是，目前研究中亚史的中外学者对这一问题却是众说纷纭，歧见丛生。本文拟作一次搜寻扫描，对各种界说试以排比诸说，校核质疑，谨呈之于前辈及学界同仁，乞望教正。在学术界，影响较大提出较早的有德国著名学者洪堡。他认为中亚包括里海到兴安岭、阿尔泰山到喜马拉雅山之间的地带。与之正成对照的是另一端的看法，认为中亚主要指阿姆河与锡尔河两河流域。这种说法也流传甚广。王治来教授在《中亚史》一书里中肯地评价说，前者失之太广，后者失之太窄。［1］他还指出：“在…     

9.11后中亚新变数

9.11事件发生后,尽管世界打击暴力恐怖活动的呼声甚高,阿富汗塔利班和本·拉登为首的国际恐怖组织受挫,但今后一个时期中亚的极端势力活动仍将活跃。美国到中亚“深入敌后”美国对远在万里之遥的一个贫弱小国如此大动干戈,在美国打击恐怖主义的同时不少人也有很大的担心和疑虑。深谙亚洲事务的土耳其战略学家艾尔肯认为,美国很有可能因此在以阿富汗为中心的中亚地区建立长期军事存在,进而全面插手中亚事务,配合北约东扩进程。这样一来,美军一方面实施了对国际恐怖势力的打击,另一方面又在中亚地区找到立足点,     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.