Vapor corridor phenomenon and response of vegetation NPP in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

To study the causation and ecological effect of ＂Corridor＂ phenomena in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region （LRGR） in South China and South-East Asian. Supported by the geographic information system （GIS）, vegetation, climate and topography database of the LRGR are founded, The northernmost limit of the tropical rain forest is 28ο-22, which has been promoted 3 or 4 latitude by Vapor ＂Corridor Phenomenon＂. Through ANN analysis, landform proves to be a very important factor affecting NPP distribution. Affected by longitudinal valley landform and monsoon, moisture and quantity of heat has a longitudinal belt distribution, and NPP distribution has seemly distribution. Take Lyonia ovalifolia, Myrica nana scrub as an example, high NPP valuescrub distributes on a wet-tongue area in the valleys. The minimum temperature sensitive value to NPP is 1.588, and altitude is 1.053, precipitation is 1.006, aspect is 1.003. Corridor phenomenon in the LRGR formed special moisture and heat patterns and brings about a series of ecological effects, such as influencing space distribution of vegetation form and NPP spatial patterns of both vegetations and plants.     

Assessment of soil erosion risk on area alongside a typical section of road in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

Assessment of soil erosion risk on the area alongside a road not only provides important guidance to prevent and alleviate soil erosion, but also reflects a road built on soil erosion. The area alongside the road from Simao to Jinghong is chosen as the typical case; spatial analysis of GIS and BP neural network of artificial neural network are used as the methods; 5 factors of 3 aspects, such as topography, climate and land cover, are chosen to assess soil erosion risk on the area alongside a section of typical road. The results are that the area proportion of easier erosion land （the value of erosion risk is from 2.5 to 3.5） is relatively bigger; and the erosion risk of an area alongside the road in a certain distance is higher than an area far away from the road. It shows that the road has an effect on soil erosion of the area alongside it; the effect can be directly or indirectly caused by road construction; and the effect is reflected by the land cover change （including land use and vegetation status） caused by road construction.     

Study on the effect of highway construction on photosynthetic rate of roadsides plant in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

A case study was conducted on Dabao （from Dali city to Baoshan city） and Sixiao （from Simao city to Xiaomengyang town） highways in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region to investigate the effect of highway construction on photosynthetic rate of roadsides plants. The dominant species in the plant communities were selected to measure the variation of their photosynthetic rate with the distance to the highway, so as to analyze the effect of highway construction on photosynthesis and growth of roadside plants by using mathematic methods including contrast analysis, regress analysis and so on. Results indicate： （1） Highway construction reduced the plant photosynthetic rate of the arbor and crop, and improved the plant photosynthetic rate of the shrub and herbage; （2） highway construction directly affected the plant photosynthetic rate through changing the structure of plant community and living state of plant, and indirectly affected the plant photosynthetic rate through changing its environmental factors; （3） the location and topography of road are also important factors affecting plant photosynthetic rate on roadsides, the influencing incidence and intensity on plant photosynthetic rate under different topographies caused by the two selected highways were obviously different.     

太湖流域典型地区土壤酸度的空间变异特征研究

在GIS支持下,运用地统计学方法分析了太湖流域典型地区耕层土壤pH的空间变异性.结果表明,研究区域土壤pH具有较强的空间自相关性,自相关距离在44km左右.在30km空间范围内,土壤pH的空间变异表现为各向同性,超出此范围,各向异性明显增强.Kriging插值结果表明,研究区域土壤pH的空间分布格局是北部高,中部低,南部丘陵地区则是高、低镶嵌分布.     

山东省聊城市耕层土壤养分的空间异质性分析

按8km×8km网格将聊城市耕地分为136个采样点,调查土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾4种土壤养分的含量。采用地统计分析与空间自相关的MoranI系数分析土壤养分的空间变异规律。研究表明,土壤耕层养分含量变化的空间异质性主要由随机性因素如灌溉、施肥、耕作措施、种植制度等人为活动引起,空间相关性很弱。4种土壤养分存在明显的空间分布规律,总体上呈现由东、南部向西、北部逐渐递减的空间分布格局。在40km范围内,4种土壤养分的MoranI系数均为正值,表现出在此范围内空间呈正相关。有机质对尺度的响应较其他3种养分更为敏感,全氮和全磷的MoranI变化趋势类似,而全钾在64km范围之外的MoranI系数表现出在0值附近的波动性,可能与地方农业活动有关。     

新疆阜康土壤微量元素的空间变异分析

运用地统计方法,研究了新疆阜康地区土壤表层微量元素的空间异质性特征.结果表明:4种微量元素的空间异质性主要是结构性因子和随机因子共同作用的结果.土壤微量元素的变异函数均可很好地拟合成高斯模型,块金值和基台值之比均为25%～75%,为中等强度的空间相关性.研究区土壤微量元素质量分数空间变异具有各向异性特征,表现为二阶趋势效应.Moran's I系数分析表明4种微量元素均呈现一定强度的空间自相关关系.土壤微量元素质量分数的等值线图分析表明,不论在什么方向上,土壤微量元素质量分数呈现一定规律分布.     

Transboundary hydrological effects of hydropower dam construction on the Lancang River

Ecological and socioeconomic issues in the Greater Mekong Subregion have in recent years attracted increasing regional and global attention. Much of this concern has been centered on construction of a cascade of hydropower dams on the Lancang River （upper Mekong River） in southwestern China＇s Yunnan Province, This article uses monthly runoff data of hydrologic monitoring stations in the Lancang River watershed from the 1950s onward and key data of the partially completed 2-dam cascade on the main stream of Lancang River to perform a comprehensive analysis of possible transboundary hydrologic effects of dam construction on Lower Mekong River. Results of the analysis show the following： （1） changes in flows over the Lancang-Mekong river＇s 4880 km course are exceedingly complex, and the two existing dams on the mainstream of Lancang River are but one of many factors influencing those flows, not a major factor; （2） significant downstream impacts of the two existing dams are limited in scale to changes in daily flow stages, and are limited geographically to the narrow channel north of Vientiane; （3） over timescales of several days or more, the primary factor in flow changes is climate change; （4） below the Yunjinghong hydrologic station in Lancang River basin, flow volumes can be as great as 113.7×10^8 m^3, or 15.44% of the average annual total runoff out of China, now are not influenced by the dam construction. These results provide a scientific basis for reasonable assessment of transboundary impact of dam construction on the mainstream of Lancang River to the lower Mekong River.     

伏牛山地区主要自然灾害的空间分异及综合区划研究

选取伏牛山地区4种主要自然灾害为研究对象,首先基于历史统计数据,借助GIS软件,对不同自然灾害的空间分布特征进行分类解析,再根据4种主要自然灾害的空间分布,结合专家对不同自然灾害权重的打分,得出了伏牛山地区自然灾害综合风险区划图.     

中原经济区粮食生产空间格局变化研究

通过ESDA空间分析技术对1990年以来5个时间断面县域粮食产量数据进行分析,探讨了中原经济区县域粮食生产空间集聚格局及其演化路径,并在定量分析演化影响因素的基础上,构建框架探讨其演化机制.结果显示:(1)1990年以来中原经济区粮食产量空间格局局部区域变动较大,但总体格局相对稳定,4种类型区域大致沿东北-西南一线逐级分布;(2)粮食增长空间格局更多的表现为空间分布的随机性和结构不稳定性,空间集聚不明显;(3)通过自相关系数得出,粮食播种面积对粮食产量的影响程度最强,人均GDP与粮食产量呈现负相关.最后,结合影响因素定量分析结论得出粮食生产空间格局的变动是农村城镇化、工业化、政策以及经济发展综合作用的结果.     

我国红树植物分布的空间自相关分析

采用空间自相关分析探讨了我国红树植物的分布规律.对21个红树植物分布地点的分析表明,各地具有的红树植物总数存在显著的正空间自相关,Moran`s I指数为0.5144±0.1830.根据不同红树植物空间自相关情况,可以将红树植物的分布划分为5种类型,均有效地反映了红树植物的分布特点.分析表明,自然状况下,红树植物的分布格局主要是由于环境因素、迁移和隔离障碍决定的,但人类活动的影响越来越重要.     

西藏自治区人口空间分布模式研究

人口的空间分异是区域差异的客观反映,探讨区域人口空间分布规律是产业合理布局、小城镇建设、资源优化配置等的理论基础,也是区域人口、资源与环境协调发展的基础性研究.该文将空间统计分析与GIS相结合,深入探讨了西藏人口空间分布模式.研究表明,西藏人口空间分布呈现西北—东南模式,存在显著的空间集聚现象,四种类型的空间关联在空间分布上具有明显的规律性.利用空间统计分析方法能够扩展和加强GIS的空间分析功能,从而更深入地探索、分析、处理和解释人口分布的空间模式与空间关联,为进一步研究空间模式的发生尺度和塑造该模式的空间过程奠定基础.