温度和pH值对羊毛织物尺寸稳定性的影响

通过一系列实验分析了温度和pH值对羊毛纤维的膨胀和羊毛织物尺寸变化的影响．在pH2．1的溶液中，羊毛织物的尺寸随温度的升高而下降，变化的幅度取决于织物组织和织物的定型率．在羊毛等电点pH4．8时，纤维的膨胀达到最小值，而织物的尺寸则随着溶液酸性的增加而减小．     

基于全基因组序列的尖孢镰刀菌分泌蛋白预测及其特征分析

尖孢镰刀菌是一种以土壤习居为主要特征的植物病原菌,广泛分布于世界各地,且寄主广泛,能引起豆科、茄科、葫芦科等科100多种植物根腐、茎腐、茎基腐等病害,严重时造成植株萎蔫死亡,严重影响着植物的产量和品质.同时,目前生产上对于该菌的防治多使用甲霜灵·锰锌、多菌灵、百菌清等化学药剂,然而,防治效果不佳,急需开发针对该菌新的作用靶标的药剂.前人已经明确植物病原真菌分泌蛋白在侵染、操控植物等过程中发挥着重要功能,然而,学术界尚未见有关该菌中分泌蛋白的报道.本研究以尖孢镰刀菌菌株(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.lycopersici 4287)的蛋白序列为基础数据,以分泌蛋白所具有的N-端含有信号肽、不含有跨膜结构域、没有GPI锚定位点、将蛋白分泌在胞外4大特征为依据,利用生物信息学在线分析程序明确该菌中含有778个分泌蛋白,并对上述蛋白开展特征分析,明确上述蛋白的氨基酸长度主要集中在101～400aa、氨基酸组成中以G,T,S,A较多,信号肽长度主要集中在16～21aa、信号肽氨基酸组成中以P,S,A,T,G较多,信号肽切割位点为T-X-T类型.为今后进一步开展尖孢镰刀菌的分泌蛋白功能解析和开发新型药剂靶标提供了重要的理论基础.     

Polarized sorting of glypiated proteins in hippocampal neurons.

Our recent studies suggested that neurons and epithelial cells sort viral glycoproteins in a similar manner. The apical influenza virus haemagglutinin was preferentially delivered to the axon of hippocampal neurons in culture, whereas the basolateral vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein was sorted to the dendrites. To investigate whether other membrane proteins showed similar sorting in neurons and epithelial cells, we have analysed the localization of a glypiated (glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored) protein, Thy-1, in hippocampal neurons in culture. In MDCK and other epithelial cells, endogenous glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, as well as mutated exogenous proteins containing the GPI-attachment signal, undergo preferential delivery to the apical surface. This polarized sorting of GPI-anchored proteins has been proposed to occur by the same mechanisms as the sorting of glycolipids to the apical surface. We report here that the neuronal GPI-protein Thy-1 is present in hippocampal neurons in culture and is exclusively located on the axonal surface. This finding further strengthens our hypothesis that the mechanisms of sorting of surface components may be similar in neurons and epithelial cells.     

Effect of pH values on the extracellular polysaccharide secreted by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans during chalcopyrite bioleaching

The pH value plays an important role in the bioleaching of sulphide minerals. The effect of pH values on the extracellular poly-saccharide secreted by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was investigated in different phases of bacterial growth during chalcopyrite bioleach-ing. It is found that extracellular polysaccharide secretion from the cells attached to chalcopyrite is more efficiently than that of the free cells in the bioleaching solution. Three factors, pH values, the concentration of soluble metal ions, and the bacterial growth and metabolism, affect extracellular polysaccharide secretion in the free cells, and are related to the bacterial growth phase. Extracellular polysaccharide secretion from the attached cells is mainly dependent on the pH value of the bacterial culture.     

Stabilization of charges on isolated ionic groups sequestered in proteins by polarized peptide units

Electrostatic interactions are of considerable importance in protein structure and function, and in a variety of cellular and biochemical processes. Here we report three similar findings from highly refined atomic structures of periplasmic binding proteins. Hydrogen bonds, acting primarily through backbone peptide units, are mainly responsible for the involvement of the positively charged arginine 151 residue in the ligand site of the arabinose-binding protein, for the association between teh sulphate-binding protein and the completely buried sulphate dianion, and for the formation of the complex of the leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein with the leucine zwitterion. We propose a general mechanism in which the isolated charges on the various buried, desolvated ionic groups are stabilized by the polarized peptide units. This mechanism also has broad application to processes requiring binding of uncompensated ions and charged ligands and stabilization of enzyme reaction charged intermediates, as well as activation of catalytic residues.     

A diffusion barrier maintains distribution of membrane proteins in polarized neurons

The asymmetric distribution of proteins to distinct domains in the plasma membrane is crucial to the function of many polarized cells. In epithelia, distinct apical and basolateral surfaces are maintained by tight junctions that prevent diffusion of proteins and lipids between the two domains. Polarized neurons maintain axonal and somatodendritic plasma membrane domains without an obvious physical barrier. Indeed, the artificial lipid Dil encounters no diffusion barrier at the presumptive domain boundary, the axon hillock. By measuring the lateral mobility of membrane proteins using optical tweezers, we show here that some membrane proteins exhibit markedly reduced mobility in the initial segment of the axon. Disruption of F-actin and low levels of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) abolish this diffusion barrier and lead to redistribution of membrane markers that had previously been polarized. Immobilization in the initial segment may reflect, at least in part, differential tethering to cytoskeletal components. Therefore, the ability to maintain a polarized distribution of membrane proteins depends on a specialized domain at the initial segment of the axon, which restricts lateral mobility and serves as a new type of diffusion barrier that acts in the absence of cell-cell contact.     

聚丙烯接枝聚丙烯酸中空纤维膜的pH响应性

评价了聚丙烯酸接枝改性聚丙烯中空纤维膜的pH响应性。在接枝率小于17%时,接枝膜的pH敏感性随接枝率的增加而提高。在牛血清蛋白(BSA)溶液微滤试验中,接枝膜与未接枝膜在BSA的等电点4.7处,都表现出严重的膜污染;而pH=3时,膜通量下降趋势最小。与未接枝膜相比,接枝膜在pH=3时污染较严重,而接枝率18%的膜在pH4.7和8时表现出一定的抗污染性。研究表明:蛋白质与膜之间的电荷作用以及BSA和膜构象的变化都是膜污染的重要影响因素。     

pH Dependence of Chlorophyll States, Protein Structures and Function of the PSII Membranes

IntroductionPhotosystem II ( PSII) is a pigment- proteincomplex in the thylakoid membrane. Its reactioncenter( PSII- RC) ,which is composed of D1 andD2 proteins,generates the highly positive oxidantrequired for the oxidation of water by light- drivencharge separation. Water oxidation occurs at theMn4cluster positioned atthe center of the oxygen-evolving complex on the lumenal surface of PSII.In green plants,the highly reactive Mn4cluster isshielded by a number of extrinsic proteins( 33…     

A new secreted protein that binds to Wnt proteins and inhibits their activities

The Wnt proteins constitute a large family of extracellular signalling molecules that are found throughout the animal kingdom and are important for a wide variety of normal and pathological developmental processes. Here we describe Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1), a secreted protein that binds to Wnt proteins and inhibits their activities. WIF-1 is present in fish, amphibia and mammals, and is expressed during Xenopus and zebrafish development in a complex pattern that includes paraxial presomitic mesoderm, notochord, branchial arches and neural crest derivatives. We use Xenopus embryos to show that WIF-1 overexpression affects somitogenesis (the generation of trunk mesoderm segments), in agreement with its normal expression in paraxial mesoderm. In vitro, WIF-1 binds to Drosophila Wingless and Xenopus Wnt8 produced by Drosophila S2 cells. Together with earlier results obtained with the secreted Frizzled-related proteins, our results indicate that Wnt proteins interact with structurally diverse extracellular inhibitors, presumably to fine-tune the spatial and temporal patterns of Wnt activity.     

多流出生存模型的相依性

证明了任何多流出生存模型都是相依的,从而证实了关于没有独立多流出模型存在的猜想     

排序算法的比较与选择研究

影响排序效率的因素有很多,首要因素是使用的算法;其次是为实现算法而进行的程序编制。算法时间复杂性的“0”表示法反映了渐近特性,但不能作为选择排序算法的唯一和最佳依据。本文指出了影响排序效率的各种因素,在实际中还需要根据这些因素选择不同的算法;文章还给出了几种排序程序的选择前提,分配排序的程序在执行时间上具有明显的优势。文章还给出了几种排序程序的实验数据,这些数据表明当待排序数据较多时,分配排序的程序在执行时间上具有明显的优势。     

基于排序的自动剔除Switching-CFAR检测器

针对传统恒虚警(Constant False-Alarm Rate,CFAR)检测器在非均匀噪声环境下检测性能较差的问题,本文提出了一种基于排序的自动剔除Switching-CFAR(Automatic Censoring Switching-CFAR Detector Based on Sorting,ACS-CFAR)检测器.选择参考窗中间单元为测试单元,其余单元按照幅值升序排列,根据两个分界点位置参数,选择合适的参考单元集进行背景噪声功率估计以及结合参考单元数和目标恒虚警率计算相关系数,得到最优检测门限.经过仿真对比,ACS-CFAR检测器在均匀噪声环境下检测率为98.73%,接近于单元平均恒虚警(CA-CFAR)检测器;在非均匀噪声环境下检测率为98.16%,优于可变索引恒虚警(VI-CFAR)和自动删除平均恒虚警(ACCA-CFAR)检测器,虚警率误差均控制在0.10%以内.结果表明,本文提出的ACS-CFAR检测器在均匀噪声环境以及杂波和多目标干扰环境下均具有较好的检测性能.     

利用极化信息研究目标识别

极化特征用于目标识别的一项主要研究是将极化信息与高分辨率雷达技术相结合．提出了利用回波中的极化现象对目标进行识别的方法,得出了有关目标识别特性的结论．     

关于两线偏振光波叠加问题的讨论

通过对同频率、任意振动方向、相位差恒定的两列线偏振光波叠加问题的讨论,得到相干条件、椭圆偏振的一般表述     

液体表面偏振反射特征研究

简明地阐述了水、油等液体表面的偏振反射特征,分析得到影响液体表面偏振反射的主要因素有液体的种类,波段、方位角、探测角以及光线入射角,这一结果对遥感的定量研究具有一定的理论意义与应用价值。     

偏振光学在交通安全中的应用研究

阐述了偏振光学用于交通安全的原理,并设计了一种新型的偏振滤光镜,具有独特的优点和良好的应用前景。     

A time-space optimal parallel sorting on a hypercube

In this paper we discuss a parallel sorting algorithm on a hypercube. Its time complexity isO(n logn/p) +O(n). Here,P is the number of processors avaliable and n, the amount of items to be sorted. Take the problem of time-space optimization into consideration, whenP≤O(logn), this algorithm is both time-space optimal and cost optimization. But this means only speedup isO(p) and it is not linear speedup. Therefore, we further discuss relevant parallel efficiency problems.     

关于独立数上界的讨论

在定义了简单图的特征矩阵和规范特征矩阵后，对特征矩阵进行分析，得到了简单图的独立数的一个上界：α（G）≤[（1＋√4n^2-4n-8m＋1）/2]，并且针对非连通图对上界定理进行了改进，得到了更优的上界：α（G）≤（s∑i=1）[（1＋√4n^2i-4ni-8mi＋1）/2]。     

一种双线双圆极化微带天线阵列的设计

设计了一种双线双圆极化的多层印制板形式的微带天线阵列,采用缝隙耦合和微带线边馈实现天线的双极化,通过开关及圆极化器实现天线的双线双圆极化输出。通过对影响天线性能的各个参数进行优化设计,并加工了天线阵列,天线实测带宽为约15%,天线增益优于17dB。该天线单元结构简单,剖面低,可以作为大型微带天线阵列的子阵进行通信。