不同布局无人作战飞机电磁隐身性能分析

无人作战飞机是当前研究热点之一,为研究不同气动布局无人作战飞机的隐身性能,分别建立常规布局A、无尾飞翼布局B、三角形飞翼布局C的电磁模型。采用物理光学法,计算了不同状态的RCS（Radar Cross Section）散射曲线并分析了分布特点、频率及俯仰角响应特性。结果表明,无人作战飞机的电磁散射特性取决于气动布局和结构形式,也与机翼前后缘、机身、进气道、尾喷口、垂尾等细节设计相关,布局A在前后向均有散射波峰,而采用外形隐身技术的布局B、C无明显散射波峰;频率增加时,各布局不同角域RCS均值减小,布局C前向角域最低为-34.308 7 dBsm,俯仰角变化时,受布局结构外形设计影响,算术均值呈振荡变化;布局C在前、后向角域具有最好的多频隐身性能,布局B在前向角域的不同俯仰角隐身性能较好,布局A隐身性能较差。     

飞翼布局飞行器电磁散射特性计算研究

飞翼布局是飞行器的重要形式,为研究飞翼布局的电磁散射特性,以美军典型飞翼飞行器B-2、、X-45C、X-47B、X-45A为基础,分别建立了四种不同外形布局特点的电磁分析模型A、B、C、D。基于物理光学法,数值模拟了不同威胁状态的RCS计算曲线,研究了各布局RCS曲线分布特点及其俯仰角、频率响应关系。计算结果表明,沿周向RCS分布与布局结构相关,俯仰角的较小变化对曲线分布形式和幅值影响不大;频率增加时RCS幅值减小,曲线向内收敛,震荡性增加;布局B隐身性能较好,头向30°角域RCS均值在15 GHz为-46.754 d Bsm;由于结构区别,布局C、D、A隐身性能依次降低;总体来看,飞翼布局有较好的隐身性能。     

座舱隐身对常规战斗机电磁散射特性的影响

座舱是常规战斗机前向的重要散射源,为研究其散射特性,提出座舱隐身措施的电磁散射影响分析方法。基于某型常规战斗机,建立常规、隐身座舱的战斗机电磁模型,采用物理光学法计算多种状态的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS),分析RCS曲线分布特点、电磁散射的俯仰角和频率响应特性。结果表明:座舱隐身措施明显降低了前向腔体散射,使散射曲线前向波峰消失而向内收敛;俯仰角在一定范围内时,采用隐身座舱后,RCS前向均值约为-20 dBsm(入射频率6 GHz),相对减缩值随俯仰角呈“W”形分布,俯仰角为0°时达到最大值19.788 7 dB;频率增加时,前向RCS均值逐渐降低,而相对减缩值震荡变化,最大可达24.667 4 dB;其余角域上,俯仰角和多频响应特性相对较弱;座舱隐身措施可同时改善常规战斗机前向角域上的不同俯仰角、多频隐身性能。     

外形隐身改进对坦克目标电磁散射特性的影响

外形隐身是提高武器装备生存力的重要手段,为研究其对坦克的散射影响特性,提出分析外形隐身对坦克电磁散射影响的研究方法.基于某型隐身坦克,建立了隐身、常规坦克电磁模型,计算了多频、多俯仰角的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS)及其减缩值,并进行了分析.结果 说明,外形隐身技术可使散射曲线向内收敛,并大幅降低坦克模型的散射强度(尤其在前后向角域);频率增加时,隐身模型的前向60°角域RCS均值逐渐减小,而减缩值增大,最高可达26.771 3 dB;俯仰角增加时,采用外形隐身后,前向RCS均值在-22.060 3～-18.608 3 dBsm振荡,在0°俯仰角外形隐身效果最好,减缩值可达24.473 4 dB,在其他俯仰角有降低趋势;外形隐身可明显改善坦克前向和后向隐身性能,并具有较强的多频、多俯仰角隐身改进作用.     

锯齿化进气道口面电磁散射影响分析

为研究锯齿化对电磁散射的影响,以两种飞翼布局为基础,建立了直线型、锯齿化进气道口面飞行器模型;采用物理光学法,数值计算了各模型在不同状态下RCS曲线,研究了锯齿化的散射分布影响及RCS减缩值的俯仰角、频率响应特性。结果表明：锯齿化进气道口面可有效降低头向、后向散射波峰,并影响其他角域波峰分布情况;俯仰角增大时,锯齿化RCS减缩值呈震荡递减趋势,不同布局不同角域上表现各异,幅值影响为10~30 dB;频率增加时,锯齿化RCS减缩值呈震荡变化,幅值影响为5~25 dB之间;锯齿化对不同布局的电磁散射影响不同,其中布局A头向30°角域的隐身性能提高最为明显,减缩值为20~30 dB。     

面向大国竞争的美军新一代隐身战略轰炸机

<正>2022年12月2日，美国空军在加利福尼亚州帕姆代尔空军基地举行新一代隐身战略轰炸机B-21“突袭者”揭幕仪式，国防部长劳埃德斯汀、美军参联会副主席格雷迪、空军部长肯德尔和空军参谋长布朗等重量级人物到场致辞。B-21隐身战略轰炸机（以下简称“B-21型机”）是美军锚定大国战争、针对强对抗高威胁作战环境下穿透性空袭能力发展的核心装备，采用了大量“改变游戏规则的技术”，具有隐身性好、远航久航、协同作战能力强等特点，未来将逐步取代B-1B和B-2A轰炸机成为美空军主力轰炸机型。     

基于MLFMA的飞行器电磁散射特性分析

文章通过计算结果与测试结果、金属球双站RCS的Mie级数解结果的对比,证明开发的多层快速多极子算法程序可用于飞行器不同布局电磁散射特性研究;采用该算法求解分析几种飞行器典型布局沿方位角变化时的电磁散射特性,由不同角域内的算术均值、曲线趋势研究了各种布局的优缺点和相应的作战任务;从飞行器外形结构出发,分析了RCS曲线分布的原因,并提出根据作战任务进行飞行隐身设计的思想。     

世界著名轰炸机大排榜

B-2A是美国诺斯罗普公司研制的战略轰炸机，主要作战任务就是利用其优异的隐身性能，从高空或低空突破敌方的防空系统!     

MLFMA用于不连续特征多频散射特性研究

对隐身飞行器、坦克等武器系统,缝隙等不连续特征对RCS的减缩和控制具有重要影响.基于混合场积分方程,开发出了多层快速多极子算法程序,通过将金属球双站RCS级数解、三缝隙实测曲线分别与多层快速多极子算法(Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm,MLFMA)计算曲线进行对比,验证了程序的正确性,说明其可用于飞行器表面不连续特征研究.采用数值方法详细研究了单缝隙、三缝隙电磁散射与入射电磁波频率的变化关系.数值计算结果表明,入射电磁波频率增加时,对单缝隙,电磁散射增强,雷达散射截面算术均值增加,其中掠入射角域内的均值增加最为明显;同时单缝隙的散射曲线相似、次波峰向外偏移;对三缝隙,除具有单缝隙的特性外,还表现为相互耦合性、曲线振荡增强,通过分析认为3个单缝隙散射不同相位的相互叠加导致了其散射的耦合性,入射频率增加时,散射叠加的峰值位置发生相应变化,表现为耦合作用和振荡作用更加明显.该结论可以用来进行飞行器表面的缝隙散射的减缩设计,从而有效提高飞行器的隐身性能.     

外形修形对球面收敛矢量喷管RCS的影响

航空发动机是飞行器后向电磁散射的主要贡献源,对其采用雷达散射截面积缩减措施能够有效地提升飞行器后向隐身性能。球面收敛矢量喷管能够满足新一代战斗机对于机动性和隐身性的综合需求。基于迭代物理光学法,研究了对喷管扩张段进行不同角度斜切、修齿后球面收敛矢量喷管的后向雷达散射截面积分布。研究结果表明：斜切在俯仰平面上的RCS缩减能力较强,斜切角度为30°具有最佳的RCS缩减效果;修齿修形能够在两个探测面均体现较好的RCS缩减能力,发动机出口齿角为100°时具有最佳的RCS缩减效果;对航空发动机进行外形修形需要在飞机设计阶段进行综合考虑。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.