基于卫星测高技术的浙江近海平均海面高模型建立

利用Jason-2卫星与SARAL/Alti Ka卫星的Waveform数据,研究一种新的测高数据粗差剔除方法,即剔除不在预定轨迹的海面高后,参考拟合各Pass每个Cycle的海面高值,对测高数据分段剔除粗差,以提高近海卫星数据的可用性;经过交叉点平差,进一步削弱径向轨道误差和海平面时变信号;采用"移去-恢复"法得到较高精度的离散海面高;采用径向基函数法格网化离散海面高,建立2.5'×2.5'格网分辨率的平均海面高模型;将所得模型与验潮站提供的海面高比较,均方根为±0.017 m,与MSS-CNES-CLS11比较,标准差为±0.070 m。研究结果表明,采用本文方法建立的浙江近海平均海面高模型精度可靠。     

基于向量相关距离的新型RAIM算法

用户自主式完备性监测RAIM是卫星导航系统的重要组成部分,是指根据用户接收机的多余观测值监测用户定位结果的完备性.在现有的RAIM算法中,比较普遍的是利用伪距多余观测量实现粗差卫星的探测和识别的最小二乘残差法和Parity相关系数法.在旧有的以相关分析RAIM算法基础上,进行矩阵变换得到设计矩阵,重点考察设计矩阵向量间的相关系数和相关距离,作为粗差探测和识别的研究对象.通过向量相关距离时间序列,可以区分单个粗差和多个粗差的粗差集.本文提出的基于相关距离的RAIM算法,克服了现有RAIM算法中由于相关系数自身相关的缺陷而使得粗差探测失真的技术问题,并且具有利用矩阵变换计算相似距离,方法更加简便的优点,从而使得粗差识别更加清晰,识别多个粗差.     

轨道数值积分方法适用性研究

轨道积分是人造卫星轨道预报和精密测定中的重要环节,由于卫星受力情况复杂,精确的二阶运动微分方程的解析解难以求得,所以数值解法是解决轨道积分问题的主要手段。数值积分方法可分为单步法和多步法,每一类方法都有其特点和适用范围,在实际问题中如果选择不恰当的积分方法,精度或者计算速度将不能达到要求。以精度和计算效率为主要衡量指标,对Runge-Kutta法和Adams-Cowell法进行仿真,分别研究了两种方法的性能与轨道偏心率和轨道高度的关系,为卫星轨道积分方法的选择提供了依据。     

剔除变形监测粗差数据的新方法——数据跳跃法

当观测值中有多个粗差时拉依达法则一次只能剔除一个粗差,并且多个粗差之间互差不满足一定条件时拉依达法则失效.针对此问题在拉依达法则基础上提出了一种剔除变形监测粗差数据的新方法数据跳跃法.数据跳跃法克服了拉依达法则的部分局限性,可将含有粗差的变形监测值批量剔除,为一次剔除多个粗差提供了解决方法.采用该方法对实际监测数据进行了处理,取得了较好的效果.数据跳跃法为利用程序进行粗差判定与剔除提供了理论依据和算法.     

BDS-3广播星历轨道、钟差精度分析

文章针对北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, BDS),分析了北斗三号卫星(BDS-3)广播星历的轨道和钟差精度,给出了详细的精度评估方法;选取连续30 d的BDS广播星历数据,以精密星历为参考值从轨道偏差、钟差偏差、空间测距误差、单点定位(single point positioning, SPP)精度等方面对BDS-3广播星历精度进行分析评估。结果表明:BDS-3广播星历钟差精度优于0.686 ns,轨道精度径向优于0.289 m,切向和法向优于3.948 m,明显优于同类型北斗二号卫星(BDS-2);SPP定位精度方面,5个测站上BDS-2/BDS-3组合在E、N、U方向平均分别为0.634、0.714、3.495 m,相比于单BDS-2分别提高了23.2%、47.6%、9.1%。     

BDS/GPS双模静态PPP定位精度与收敛性分析

随着仪表引导系统(instrument guidance system,IGS)精密星历实时化计划的推进,全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)精密单点技术已成为精密定位领域的一个热点。文章实现了北斗卫星导航系统/全球定位系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System/Global Positioning System,BDS/GPS)双模静态精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)算法,并采用武汉大学发布的15 min精密卫星轨道与5min钟差产品对亚太地区多个测站实测数据进行BDS/GPS单模与双模静态PPP精度与时间收敛性的分析。从亚太地区多个测站的分析结果得出:BDS静态PPP充分收敛后的水平精度优于5cm,且北向精度优于东向,高程精度略差,优于10cm;对于收敛性,水平方向收敛速度快于高程方向,整体上为70~250个历元,BDS静态PPP定位结果逐渐收敛,但是天向存在收敛不充分现象;相对于GPS,目前BDS的PPP精度和收敛性比GPS略差,但充分收敛后目前可实现厘米级的绝对定位;BDS/GPS双模静态PPP收敛性优于单模,定位精度与GPS单模相当。     

GEO导航卫星多种观测资料联合精密定轨

针对跟踪站少、观测几何条件差以及轨道机动后GEO导航卫星精密定轨问题,提出了用激光观测数据解算无线电测距离观测数据设备时延、用CODE模型参数和多频载波相位数据进行电离层延迟精确修正的精密定轨和轨道快速恢复的处理体制.通过在轨实测数据实验证明,利用激光标定的距离观测数据组合设备时延精度优于1ns;基于3站观测数据GEO卫星精密定轨结果,RMS为0.25m;24h数据定轨结果重叠12小轨道径向互差0.55m,位置互差约1.62m;预报12h轨道重叠弧段互差为径向3.63m,位置互差8.51m;定轨结果与激光比对残差约0.10m,预报2h轨道比对残差约0.18m,预报24h轨道比对残差约2.04m.GEO卫星轨道机动后2～3h,动力学定轨结果能够恢复到与激光比对残差小于1m、与精密定轨结果比对位置互差约30m的水平.试验及分析结果表明,所提出的GEO精度定轨技术方案可靠、稳定.     

一种全球导航卫星系统钟差估计优化方案的量化研究

针对卫星钟差解算策略的优化问题,基于全球导航卫星系统数据处理软件BERNESE,设计了卫星估计钟差解算方案。提出"单位时间误差梯度"的概念,量化了解算精密钟差的效率。采用基于不规则三角网的选站法选取参考站,利用历元参数在历元间的独立性,分步解算各类参数。既减少了因大量历元参数存在引起的时间迟滞,又消除了单历元观测离群值对非历元参数估计的影响,从而提高了卫星钟差估计效率。利用国际全球导航卫星系统服务跟踪站作为参考站对以上解算过程进行实验,结果表明估计钟差与该机构精密钟差的符合精度达到0. 1 ns,陆态网精密单点定位动态解最大偏差小于10 cm,能够满足动态定位厘米级的精度要求,为估计钟差时参考站的数量和几何分布的选择提供了参考。     

2013-01 科技期刊亮点

确定"海洋二号"卫星SLR精密轨道中国科学院上海天文台赵罡等分析了中国第一颗海洋动力环境卫星全球联测激光测距数据,确定了卫星精密轨道并通过多种方法评估了轨道质量,为激光测距在中国对地观测卫星工程中的应用提供了成功范例。随着中国第一颗海洋动力环境卫星"海洋二号"(HY-2)的成功发射并正式投入使用,中国的海洋环境监测与海洋资源探测能力得到了进一步完善和提高。精密轨道跟踪和确定是海洋动力环境卫星的关键技术,也是有效利用包括雷达高度计     

利用广播星历计算GPS卫星位置及误差分析

为了提高GPS卫星轨道计算的精确性和实时性,通过对GPS卫星的广播星历进行分析,利用从广播星历中获取的开普勒轨道参数和轨道摄动修正项,以2005年11月6日的R INEX格式的广播星历为例,通过编程,计算了07号卫星当天24 h的轨道位置坐标,并将其与当天的精密星历所提供的卫星轨道位置坐标进行对比,并对广播星历的轨道精度进行初步的讨论。结果表明,该方法确实提高了GPS卫星轨道位置坐标计算的精度。利用广播星历计算GPS卫星位置的误差主要是由于时间外推方法造成的。     

Precise orbit determination for Jason-1 satellite using on-board GPS data with cm-level accuracy

The joint US/French Jason-1 satellite altimeter mission, launched from the Vandenberg Air Force Base on December 7, 2001, continues the time series of centimeter-level ocean topography observations as the follow-on to the highly successful T/P radar altimeter satellite. Orbit error especially the radial orbit error is a major component in the overall budget of all altimeter satellite missions, in order to continue the T/P standard of observations. Jason-1 has a radial orbit error budget requirement of 2.5 cm. In this work, two cycles (December 19, 2002 to January 7, 2003) of the Jason-1 on-board GPS data were processed using the zero-difference (ZD) dynamic precise orbit determination (POD) technique. The resulting Jason-1 orbit accuracy was assessed by comparison with the precise orbit ephemeris (POE) produced by JPL, orbit overlaps and SLR residuals. These evaluations indicate that the RMS radial accuracy is in the range of 1－2 cm.     

低轨星座导航增强能力研究与仿真

低轨卫星星座具有几何图形变化快、落地信号功率强、全球天基监测覆盖等天然优势,可对中高轨全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)星座进行有效补充和增强,提升全球定位、导航与授时(Positioning,Navigation and Timing,PNT)服务的精度、完好性、可用性和抗干扰等能力,已成为下一代卫星导航系统重要的发展方向.本文总结了国内外低轨星座发展现状,对不同低轨星座进行了分析和设计,对低轨星座提升导航定位精度、加速精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)收敛、全球天基监测等导航增强能力进行了分析,重点论证了低轨星座突破现有中高轨GNSS技术瓶颈的机遇和体系增量能力,给出了相应的仿真分析结果,以期对我国低轨星座和北斗卫星导航系统的融合发展提供参考和建议.     

An analysis of single point positioning with real-time internet-based precise GPS data

Single Point Positioning (SPP) is currently capable of providing position accuracy of several meters. To obtain a better accuracy, the Differential GPS (DGPS) method must be applied. For large-scale applications such as aerial survey and mapping, however,the requirement of a base station(s) in conventional DGPS often become problematic in practice due to the increased operational cost and complexity. Recently a concept of Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) has attracted increasing interests among the GPS communities. GDGPS has the same user's implementation as SPP,but its accuracy is augmented by the globally or regionally distributed precise GPS data currently including precise satellite orbit and clock corrections. The major advantage of GDGPS lies in two aspects: system simplicity at the user's end, and globally consistent positioning accuracy. This paper presents GDGPS positioning results using the precise GPS data generated by the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). NRCan's precise data can be retrieved real-time from Internet base on Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Multicast technology. The packet delay and Packet Loss Rate (PLR) of multicasting over Intemet will first be investigated.The total latency of precise GPS data as well as the position accuracyof GDGPS will then be analyzed. The numerical results have shown that a meter to half-meter level accuracy is obtainable based on epoch-by-epoch data processing. With phase-smoothed code observations, the positioning accuracy can be further improved.     

Precise orbit determination of Haiyang-2 using satellite laser ranging

With the successful launch and official commissioning of China’s first dynamic ocean environment satellite Haiyang-2(HY-2),China’s capabilities for oceanic environment monitoring and oceanic resource detecting have been further improved and enhanced.Precise tracking and orbit determination are not only key technical concerns in the ocean dynamic environment satellite project but also necessary conditions for carrying out related oceanic science research using observational data obtained using spaceborne instruments including radar altimeter.In this study,the current available status of international satellite laser ranging(SLR) monitoring on HY-2 was introduced.Six-months of SLR data from HY-2 were processed to obtain precise satellite orbit information using the dynamic orbit determination method.We carried out a detailed assessment of the SLR orbit accuracy by internal evaluation,comparisons with the orbit derived by the French Doppler orbitography and radio-positioning integrated by satellite(DORIS) system,and station-satellite distance validation.These assessments indicate that the three-dimensional orbital accuracy of HY-2 is about 12.5 cm,and the radial accuracy is better than 3 cm.It provides a good example of the application of international SLR monitoring and precise orbit determination in China’s earth observation satellite project.     

星载GPS非差精密定轨精度分析

采用一种变相的“非差”动力定轨方法，建立了相应的数学模型，编制了星栽GPS低轨卫星的定轨软件，并以此分析了定轨过程中各主要误差源对定轨的影响以及所能达到的定轨精度和预报精度。该方法以相位平滑伪距为观测值，通过对同一历元的现测值进行卫星间求差，消除了星栽GPS接收机钟差，模型简单，求解参数少。在只估计初始坐标和速度参数、考虑各种误差的综合影响时，定轨一天的径向精度约为3m，能满足一定的定轨精度要求。     

Variation of satellite transponder delay

For precise orbit determination of geosynchronous earth orbit(GEO)satellites using transfer ranging observations,it is generally assumed that the variation of the satellite transponder delay is very small and that it can be solved as a constant parameter together with satellite orbit parameters.However,this assumption is too general and it reduces the accuracy of orbit determination for GEO satellites.To study and analyse the impact of the satellite transponder delay on GEO satellites orbit determination,two schemes were proposed.First,the satellite transponder delay was eliminated by forming single-difference observations between two ground stations;second,the satellite transponder delay was described as a constant parameter.The preliminary results demonstrate a difference of about1–2 m between the two schemes when used for precise orbit determination of GEO satellites.By fixing the GEO satellite orbit and other relevant parameters estimated by single-difference model,we inversed the instantaneous transponder delay from non-difference observation.It was found that the satellite transponder delay has a distinct diurnal variation,with an amplitude of 3–4 m.The findings of this paper are helpful in establishing an accurate model of satellite transponder delay and in improving the accuracy of GEO satellites orbit determinations and predictions.     

北斗三号GEO卫星的RDSS定轨精度分析

有源服务模式RDSS(Radio Determination Satellite Service)所具备的通信、导航一体化特性是我国北斗卫星导航系统的重要特色之一.为进一步提高RDSS的通信服务能力,并保障RDSS服务系统的健壮性,北斗三号RDSS服务从系统架构到信号体制都进行了很大改进.本文首先分析了新的信号体制下,RDSS测距在测量模型和观测噪声等方面的误差特性,并比较了其与原有信号体制的不同.为了避免在RNSS(Radio Navigation Satellite Service)载荷故障时RDSS不能正常提供导航服务的情况发生,RDSS系统需要能够仅利用RDSS测距完成GEO测轨,以此作为原有RNSS测轨的备份保障.文章进一步分析了这种情况下,仅利用RDSS测距进行GEO定轨的精度.通过实测数据分析,我们发现其精度可优于10 m,利用该轨道信息的定位、定时精度可以满足服务指标要求.     

Precision ERS-2 orbit determination combining multiple tracking techniques

Both of the oceanographic research by using altimetry and the application of InSAR of ERS-2 satellite need the precise ephemerides of the satellite. In this note, the ERS-2 orbit is precisely determined by using SLR and PRARE observations to take advantage of the high accuracy of SLR and the widespread data coverage of PRARE. Based on the software system SODS-VCE established by us, the ERS-2 orbits in 1997 are calculated. The evaluation from tracking data fits, endpoint consistency of orbital arcs and comparison with independent orbit implies an orbit accuracy of 5–6 cm in radial component which can satisfy the requirement of being better than 10 cm in oceanographic research by altimetry, being less than 20 cm in cross-track component which can meet the requirement of InSAR. In orbit computation, the method of variance component estimation is employed to weight the SLR, PRARE range and Doppler measurements properly. The results indicate that the application of the method can improve the computation accuracy efficiently.     

北斗高精度相对定位选星方法研究

针对北斗系统中高轨卫星会带来较全球定位系统（global positioning system ,GPS）更为严重的法方程病态性这一问题,分析了双差载波相位观测方程系数矩阵对整周模糊度浮点解解算的影响,结合北斗系统三轨道星座混合的特点,研究了区域北斗高精度相对定位选星方法,以仰角最高的地球同步轨道（geostationary earth orbit, GEO）卫星作为参考星,优先选取仰角高于10°的中地球轨道（medium earth orbit,MEO）卫星,然后按照均匀分布的原则选取倾斜地球同步轨道（inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit,IGSO）卫星。通过对实测数据进行试验和分析,证明了该方法的正确性和合理性,在进行区域北斗高精度相对定位时,能在一定程度上改善法方程的病态性,使模糊度浮点解较快收敛至真值附近,有利于模糊度的快速正确固定。     

北斗二号/三号融合的分米级星基增强算法与性能分析

北斗卫星导航系统星基增强服务通过地球静止卫星向用户播发等效钟差、轨道改正数、电离层格网改正数和分区综合改正数等四重广域差分改正数,用户在此基础上利用载波相位观测值实现实时分米级的定位性能.本文介绍了分米级星基增强服务的参数匹配算法以及单频、双频用户精密定位模型.将系统播发的四重差分改正数应用于北斗二号与三号融合的精密单点定位,分析了不同频点及定位模型的系统精密定位服务性能.18个测站7 d的结果表明:北斗二号/三号融合的星基增强服务双频组合动态精密单点定位平均12.42 min收敛至0.5 m以内,收敛后的平均定位精度为平面0.15 m,高程0.2 m;相比仅使用北斗二号系统,不同定位模型收敛时间平均缩短了56.7%;而基于非差非组合的分区定位收敛速度更快,并且能达到与无电离层组合模型相同的精度水平.使用北斗电离层格网信息改正的单频动态定位PPP平均11.74 min收敛至0.8 m以内,收敛后的平均定位精度为平面0.2 m,高程0.3 m;相比使用广播星历电离层模型改正的结果,静态和动态定位平均收敛时间分别缩减了21.4%和25.2%.