大鼠全层皮肤缺损耐受与自然修复的研究

目的观察大鼠对全层皮肤缺损面积的耐受程度,以及不同损伤面积创口自然修复情况。方法采用手术切割法,在大鼠背部切除占动物体表面积分别为:6.40%、8.00%、10.00%、12.50%和15.63%的全层皮肤,造成全层皮肤损伤模型。从动物的体质量、创面愈合时间和死亡率等方面评价大鼠对全层皮肤缺损面积耐受情况。结果损伤面积越大,体质量下降越明显,下降持续时间越长;损伤面积占体表面积的LD50为10.46%;损伤面积从小到大(除15.63%组动物全部死亡外)组的平均愈合时间分别为28.22 d、38.63 d、56.40 d和63.50 d。结论大鼠全层皮肤损伤动物模型,创面占体表面积6.40%是安全的,创面占体表面积的LD50是10.46%;小于体表面积的8.00%的创面自然修复时间在30 d左右,占体表面积10.00%～12.50%的创面缺损自然修复时间在60 d左右。     

深Ⅱ度烫伤后小型猪皮肤愈合的组织病理学研究

目的 建立猪深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,观察皮肤在不同时间点修复的组织病理学变化。方法 通过使用恒温烫伤仪制备小型猪皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤创面。分别在第1、3、7、14、21、28天观察皮肤创伤愈合的肉眼形态学变化并进行创面愈合率的测定,根据皮肤组织愈合的规律及实验的可操作性,选择性地在第1、14、28天取样,利用HE、Masson染色及免疫组化CD31染色的方法观察皮肤在不同时间点修复的动态病理学变化。结果 通过对创面愈合率的测定,雄性猪与雌性猪相比,雄性猪烫伤创面的愈合速率较快。烫伤后皮肤组织经不同染色方法证实损伤已累积到真皮深层,达到深Ⅱ度烫伤的标准。在随后选择的第14天和28天,损伤后皮肤组织分别进行了不同程度的组织修复。深Ⅱ度烫伤28 d后,小型猪皮肤已经基本愈合,但皮肤组织还未完全成熟。除表皮各层相对成熟外,真皮层内还未完全形成瘢痕组织。结论 雄性猪与雌性猪相比,雄性猪烫伤创面的愈合速率较快。     

椒目仁油软膏对大鼠烧伤创面愈合作用及皮肤安全性评价

以椒目仁油软膏对烧伤创面的愈合作用及评价皮肤安全性,用大鼠背部制备小面积深Ⅱ度烧伤创面,并将创面分为椒目仁油软膏、京万红治疗和空白基质、模型对照4组.以创面面积愈合率、脱痂时间和创面感染情况评价治疗效果.将空白基质、阳性致敏物(2,4-二硝基氯苯)和椒目仁油软膏用于家兔、豚鼠背部完整或破损受试皮肤,分别进行皮肤急性毒性试验、过敏试验和刺激性试验.结果:椒目仁油软膏能显著促进创面愈合(P＜0.05).应用于家兔皮肤上,未见急性毒性反应.一次或多次给药均对豚鼠皮肤无刺激性.反复致敏后使用也未见皮肤与全身过敏反应.说明椒目仁油软膏有加速伤口愈合的作用,且用于家兔、豚鼠皮肤未见急性毒性反应.     

BMSCs对大鼠放射性皮肤损伤的治疗研究

目的探讨通过BMSCs(骨髓间充质干细胞)移植治疗放射性皮肤损伤。方法将放射性皮肤损伤的模型大鼠随机分为干细胞治疗组、阳性药治疗组和对照组。取BMSCs经体外培养后,加于Ⅲ度放射性皮肤损伤的异体大鼠创面上,以平均愈合时间和平均愈合速度为指标,观察各组动物损伤皮肤的修复情况。结果干细胞治疗组皮肤修复速度为(32.37士3.16)mm2/d;平均愈合时间为(20.03士3.95)/d,明显高于其他两组。且组织结构完整、瘫痕小。经统计学处理干细胞治疗组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利用同种异体动物干细胞培养物,进行放射性皮肤损伤的治疗有明显的效果,为放射性皮肤损伤的临床治疗提供了一条新途径。     

重组人表皮生长因子促进兔烫伤创面愈合的实验研究

观察重组人表皮生长因子 (rh EGF)对兔深II度烫伤创面愈合的作用及其量效关系。将 1 5只兔随机分成 5组 ,即 3个剂量rh EGF组、rh EGF基质组及空白对照组。每只兔的背部制成 6个深II度烫伤创面 ,治疗后以烫伤创面面积的变化 ,组织学改变评价愈合效果。结果各组烫伤创面面积随伤后时间延长而逐渐缩小 ,其中以rh EGF高剂量组治疗的创面缩小最为明显。组织学检查可见经rh EGF高剂量组治疗的创面肉芽组织生长活跃 ,创面的再上皮化迅速。rh EGF可以加快烫伤创面组织愈合速度并显示出一定的量效关系 ,即高剂量组 (50 μg/g)效果最佳     

猪源纤维蛋白黏合剂对大鼠皮肤创伤的愈合及羟脯氨酸表达的影响

为促进皮肤创伤愈合提供实验依据,最终为临床新应用提供依据,探究猪源纤维蛋白黏合剂(FS)其对大鼠皮肤创伤的愈合及其对创面皮肤羟脯氨酸表达的影响。72只体重为160～200 g SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、白凡士林组和FS组,于背部制作直径为1. 5 cm的全层圆形皮肤切除创面,每组各24只,空白对照组不做任何处理,白凡士林组和FS组则分别用医用白凡士林和FS涂抹伤口。术后3、7、14和21 d测量各组大鼠的皮肤伤口面积,计算各组皮肤创面愈合率;取术后7和14 d伤口皮肤标本进行HE病理组织学观察;并于术后7、14和21 d取组织进行酶联免疫法测定愈合组织中羟脯氨酸蛋白含量。在术后3、7、14和21 d时,FS组的伤口愈合率高于空白对照组,且其差异具有统计学意义(p 0. 05)。HE染色结果显示在第7 d时FS组胶原沉积高于空白对照组;血管新生数亦高于空白组、白凡士林组,差异均具有统计学意义(p 0. 05)。在14 d时,与空白对照组相比,FS组胶原沉积较高,且差异具有统计学意义(p 0. 05),而血管新生数各组之间无统计学意义(p 0. 05)。对各组创面组织中羟脯氨酸含量进行测定,结果发现,在第7、14和21 d时,FS组大鼠皮肤创伤组织中HYP含量均明显高于空白对照组(p 0. 05)。说明猪源纤维蛋白黏合剂能有效促进大鼠皮肤创伤的愈合,缩短愈合时间,其具有潜在的应用价值,为临床皮肤创伤治愈提供了新思路。     

甘草酸二钾护理液皮肤修复作用的研究

目的研究甘草酸二钾护理液及含甘草酸二钾卫生巾对擦伤皮肤的修复作用。方法用SD大鼠,制造皮肤擦伤模型,将动物随机分为阳性对照组、阴性对照组、甘草酸二钾护理液高、中、低剂量组、甘草酸二钾卫生巾组,一定时间后,检测创面愈合率,通过HE染色观察损伤皮肤组织病理学变化。结果造模后第7 d和第14 d护理液高、中剂量组和卫生巾组大鼠的皮肤愈合率和组织学评分与阴性组比较具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论甘草酸二钾护理液及含甘草酸二钾卫生巾具有促进皮肤修复的作用。     

温阳化浊通络方对系统性硬化病小鼠体内血管内皮生长因子、结缔组织生长因子与内皮素-1水平的影响

为探讨温阳化浊通络方对系统性硬化病(SSc)小鼠血清中VEGF、CTGF与ET-1水平的影响,运用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中VEGF、CTGF、ET-1的含量。将SPF级C3H/He小鼠75只,造模成功后随机分为正常组、PBS组、模型组。正常组为每天胃内灌注等量生理盐水;PBS组为PBS 0.1 mL/d,连续皮下注射3周,每天胃内灌注等量生理盐水;模型组为每天胃内灌注等量生理盐水;模型+温阳化浊通络方组为每天胃内灌注等量温阳化浊通络方煎;模型+XAV939组为每天给以XAV939(10mg/kg,i.p)。结果:模型+温阳化浊通络方组和模型+XAV939组精神恢复良好、体重增加、背部表皮较硬、出现少数毛囊,血清中VEGF、CTGF、ET-1的含量均有所下调,两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05);与模型组相比差异明显(P0.01)。说明温阳化浊通络方可调控SSc小鼠血清中VEGF、CTGF与ET-1的表达,改善皮肤纤维化的病理损伤,阻止纤维化进展。     

组织工程真皮替代物的构建及在创伤修复中的作用

以双层胶原-壳聚糖海绵为支架构建组织工程真皮替代物并研究其在大鼠创伤愈合中的作用.将双层胶原-壳聚糖海绵支架埋植于SD大鼠皮下以考察其组织相容性;将SD大鼠皮肤中分离的成纤维细胞种植在支架上体外构建人工真皮替代物,并将该替代物移植到SD大鼠皮肤缺损处以修复创面.皮下埋植实验显示支架植入早期有炎症反应,但一周后炎症反应逐渐减轻,而且有成纤维细胞和毛细血管的侵入.皮肤移植实验结果显示:术后第7天和第14天实验组创面表皮再生和肉芽组织增生比对照组更快更明显;第14天和第21天实验组创面面积明显小于对照组(p<0.05).因此以双层胶原-壳聚糖海绵为支架构建的组织工程真皮替代物具有良好的生物相容性,并能促进皮肤创面的愈合,可以作为人工真皮替代物用于皮肤缺损的修复.     

正常人皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤动物模型的建立

利用正常人皮肤裸鼠移植模型,建立一种深Ⅱ度烫伤动物模型.首先将正常人全厚皮肤移植于裸鼠背部,待皮片完全成活后,用高压蒸气消毒锅及自制蒸气烫伤装置,以压力0.12 MPa、直径1.5 cm 在裸鼠背部植皮区作用8 s,分别于伤后24 h、2、4、6周取标本行组织学观察,观察毛囊、汗腺等皮肤附件的损伤程度、创面愈合时间及被毛生长等情况.结果表明,正常人全厚皮肤于移植后2周完全成活,具有正常的组织结构;高压蒸气作用8 s,可造成所移植皮肤组织的深Ⅱ度烫伤,创面于伤后3周愈合,6周后有少量被毛生长.该模型可成功复制正常人皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤创面,为研究创面愈合过程中皮肤附件的病理变化提供了实验工具.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.