纤维素分解混合菌群的筛选及腐解稻草研究Ⅱ纤维素分解混合菌群对稻草的腐解

对富集筛选的纤维素分解混合菌群进行了稻草腐解试验，结果表明：施用该纤维素分解混合菌群后能够减少氨态氮素的挥发，纤维素分解混合菌群在15d内对稻草的腐解效果明显，外观分散度明显比对照要好，对照的失重率为45．80％，而处理的失重率为57．85％，比对照提高了12．05个百分点。Duncan新复极差法分析表明，失重率在1％水平差异极显著，而还原糖量、纤维素酶活以及pH值的差异均不显著，说明还原糖量、纤维素酶活以及pH值不能作为判断稻草腐解程度的指标。得到了一个稻草腐解效果较好的混合菌群，能够在外界菌群存在的条件下较好腐解稻草。     

基于混合像元分解的遥感图像融合实用算法

传统的图像融合算法,如IHS变换、合成变量比、主成分替换等方法所得到的融合图像通常存在不同程度的光谱扭曲现象.一种基于混合像元分解的图像融合算法(FSMA)可以很好地保持图像的光谱信息,但该算法仅在以终端端元为先验知识的模拟数据中得到了成功的应用.分析表明,由于全色波段与多光谱波段光谱响应函数不同以及多光谱波段通常不能覆盖整个全色范围,原有的FSMA算法并不能直接应用到真实遥感数据中.文中提出了一种改进的基于混合像元分解的图像融合算法(IFSMA).该算法通过重构原有算法中优化问题的目标函数,降低了对利用多光谱数据模拟全色波段亮度值的难度,使得基于混合像元分解的图像融合算法可以推广应用到真实遥感数据中.实验结果表明,IFSMA算法在光谱信息和空间信息的保持方面均优于IHS变换、合成变量比、主成分替换以及原有的FSMA等算法.     

复杂表面的分解重构原理及其应用

针对复杂表面模型种类繁多而实际应用时又不够灵活方便的问题，提出了能够增强自动设计系统对创造性工作的智能支持的复杂表面分层结构模型和分解重构原理，然后讨论了该原理在共轭曲面求解，数控轨迹生成，以及再识别创新等方面的应用及取得的进展。     

基于奇异值分解的多小波图像去噪方法

给出了一种将多小波变换和奇异值分解相结合的图像去噪方法.该方法通过对含噪图像进行多小波变换,克服了单小波变换中无法同时满足正交性和对称性的缺点.对变换得到的高频系数矩阵进行奇异值分解去噪,提取高频系数中淹没在噪声中的信号成分,然后进行多小波重构,得到去噪图像.仿真结果表明,该方法能有效去除噪声,并获得良好的主观视觉效果.     

基于混合非圆率信号的CESPRIT算法

根据信号常常为圆和非圆信号混合形成的这一情况，提出的做一种基于ESPRIT思想的CESPRIT算法。该算法对阵元接收数据取共轭，然后重组出新的接收数据矩阵，利用构造出的两个选择矩阵，将新接收数据矩阵在分割为两个特定子矩阵，并结合ESPRIT算法思想，对获取的两子阵间的旋转不变关系矩阵进行特征值分解。通过获得的特征值估计出信号DOA．仿真实验表明，与传统ESPRIT算法相比，该算法具有估计精度高，需要的快拍数少和处理的信号个数可大于阵元个数等优点。     

均匀分块矩阵的分块TERM分解

为提高整数变换的效率并实现并行化, 在均匀分块方式下探讨分块矩阵的分块TERM分解. 从扩展行列式det定义着手, 定义了一个分块矩阵映射至矩阵的新函数——DET. 并证明, 它不仅具有一些可与det相类比的重要性质, 而且对det是完全兼容的. 利用这些定义和性质, 最终得出: 任意给定一有限维可逆线性变换矩阵和分块方式, 总可把它分解为不超过3个分块(单位)TERM之积(可能需要置换和Scaling预处理), 并由此得到了适于并行的分块单位SERM分解式. 该结论不仅能涵盖元素矩阵最优TERM分解的结果, 而且可提供灵活的分块方式, 从而为高效合理地并行实现整数映射奠定了基础.     

木质纤维素类生物质酸水解研究进展

木质纤维素中纤维素和半纤维素经酸水解可转化为糖,糖进一步可生产燃料乙醇和其他化工产品。因此,木质纤维素酸水解制备糖是纤维素转化过程中关键步骤。本文综述了硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、马来酸等无机、有机酸水解木质纤维素类生物质研究进展,对各种酸水解工艺的优缺点进行了分析和比较,指出了木质纤维素类生物质酸水解的研究方向。     

纤维素类生物质热解研究进展

从热解的机理、工艺、反应器等方面综述了国内外对纤维素类生物质热解研究的现状，讨论了生物质热解产物的组成及其理化特性，重点介绍了热解制备生物油技术。生物油既可以作为燃料油直接燃烧又可以进一步通过加氢或者裂解制备其它精细化学品，还可以从中提取有用的化学原材料。因此，纤维素类生物质热解制取生物油技术被看作是最有发展前景的生物质利用技术。     

大型水泥分解炉O_2/CO_2燃烧的数值模拟研究

水泥行业是CO_2排放量仅次于电力行业的第二大源头, CO_2引起的温室效应正不断加剧,因此CO_2减排刻不容缓,水泥炉窑O_2/CO_2燃烧技术在CO_2减排方面具有很大的应用价值.本文选取3200 t/d水泥生产线TTF型分解炉为研究对象,采用天河二号超级计算机,开展大规模并行计算CFD仿真数值模拟,研究了煤粉混合空气燃烧与煤粉混合O_2/CO_2燃烧对炉内速度场、温度场、物料组分分布及NOx浓度分布的影响.结果表明:O_2/CO_2燃烧技术与常规空气助燃方式相比,炉内速度场分布及生料分解率基本一致,不会影响分解炉的正常工作,而且炉内超温区域减少,高温刷墙现象得到有效缓解;同时分解炉出口排放的NOx浓度极大减少,由995 mg/m3大幅降低至96 mg/m3,从而可以取消后续脱硝处理工艺,节省投资;另外,分解炉出口烟气中近乎纯净的高浓度CO_2也非常有利于回收再利用,可以有效缓解温室效应.     

纳米Al_2O_3对变压器绝缘纸纤维素热稳定性的影响及其机理分析

为提升电力变压器绝缘纸的热稳定性,使用纳米Al2O3对绝缘纸进行改性,通过分子模拟和试验的方法研究了纳米Al2O3对绝缘纸纤维素热稳定性的提升效果,并分析了纳米Al2O3对绝缘纸纤维素的改性机理.首先,对纳米Al2O3与纤维素的表面相互作用机理的分析表明纳米Al2O3易于掺杂到纤维素绝缘纸中,得到了Al2O3与纤维素表面相互作用结合能的公式,揭示了公式中相关参数的物理意义.然后,使用半径为5?的纳米Al2O3对纤维素进行改性,通过分子模拟技术研究了经纳米改性后的纤维素的微观参数的变化规律;同时,对改性绝缘纸和未改性绝缘纸进行了宏观热老化试验.模拟与试验结果对比分析表明,经纳米Al2O3改性的绝缘纸纤维素热稳定性有较好的提升.最后,对纳米Al2O3改性绝缘纸纤维素的机理进行了较为深入地分析,为纳米改性变压器绝缘纸性能方面的研究提供了理论支撑.     

微生物多糖的应用研究进展

微生物多糖以其安全、无毒、理化性质独特等优良特性,被广泛地应用于工业生产中,具有较强的市场竞争力和广阔的发展前景.本文主要介绍了微生物多糖的来源及其在食品、医药、环境等方面的应用.     

Neue mehrfache Untersuchungen am gleichen Kammerwasser menschlicher Augen

Summary The normal human aequous has a volume of 0.12–0.20 cm³ and its protein content is from 10 to 20 mg%. We ascertained the specific weight by the falling drop method in a mixture of xylol and brombenzene. In order to estimate the protein content, we placed a series of drops from the human aequous on filter paper with the Agla pipette; they were then tinted with amido-black and the optical density of the eluted spots was read in the Beckman spectrophotometer. The remnants of 2–3 specimens of human aequous were then brought together and concentrated there until the protein concentration is just sufficient to allow a separation into the various fractions by paper-electrophoresis.      

Real‐Time Signal Extraction with Regularized Multivariate Direct Filter Approach

The paper studies the regularized direct filter approach as a tool for real‐time signal extraction using high‐dimensional datasets. It is shown that the filter is able to process high‐dimensional datasets by controlling for effective degrees of freedom through longitudinal and cross‐sectional regularization. The paper illustrates the merit of the proposed approach by tracking the medium‐ to long‐run component in euro area gross domestic product growth. The created real‐time indicators outperform Eurocoin with respect to timeliness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A robust neural network filter for electricity demand prediction

This paper is concerned with one-day-ahead hourly predictions of electricity demand for Puget Power, a local electricity utility for the Seattle area. Standard modelling techniques, including neural networks, will fail when the assumptions of the model are violated. It is demonstrated that typical modelling assumptions such as no outliers or level shifts are incorrect for electric power demand time series. A filter which removes or lessens the significance of outliers and level shifts is demonstrated. This filter produces ‘clean data’ which is used as the basis for future robust predictions. The robust predictions are shown to be better than non-robust counterparts on electricity load data. The outliers identified by the filter are shown to correspond with suspicious data. Finally, the estimated level shifts are in agreement with the belief that load growth is taking place year to year.     

聚氨酯改性混凝土材料探讨

已有研究表明与普通水泥砂浆相比，采用相同水灰比的聚氨酯水泥砂浆可以获得较好的耐久性。本文把聚氨酯作为混凝土改性材料，经初步研究发现，掺入聚氨酯的混凝土坍落度损失增大，向混凝土中加入聚羧酸减水剂解决了这一问题。本文通过试验以抗压强度为指标初步优化了聚氨酯改性混凝土的养护条件和加料顺序。此外，加入到混凝土中的匀泡剂由于对聚氨酯有极优异的乳化能力，有可能形成了极细的泡孔和狭窄的孔径分布以及极高的闭孔率，可以提高聚氨酯混凝土的耐久性。本文选择了不同厂家提供的甲、乙两种匀泡剂并进行强度试验，以抗压强度为指标选择强度较高一种的应用于聚氨酯改性混凝土。     

Purification of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth inhibitor and its characterization as transforming growth factor-beta type 1.

In 1986, Brown and Clemmons (Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA 83 (1986) 3321) showed that platelets contain a substance, platelet-derived growth inhibitor (PDGI), that inhibits in vitro endothelial cell replication. Although platelets are rich in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), PDGI was considered not to be related to TGF-beta, on the basis of its reported properties (extraction from platelets at neutral pH, binding to heparin-Sepharose). However, we purified PDGI to near homogeneity and showed that on the basis of HPLC retention behavior, in vitro growth inhibitory activities with several cell types, receptor binding, and immunoneutralization of growth inhibitory activity with specific anti-TGF-beta type 1 antibodies, PDGI is most probably identical with TGF-beta type 1.     

On a dynamic mixture GARCH model

This paper proposes a new mixture GARCH model with a dynamic mixture proportion. The mixture Gaussian distribution of the error can vary from time to time. The Bayesian Information Criterion and the EM algorithm are used to estimate the number of parameters as well as the model parameters and their standard errors. The new model is applied to the S&P500 Index and Hang Seng Index and compared with GARCH models with Gaussian error and Student's t error. The result shows that the IGARCH effect in these index returns could be the result of the mixture of one stationary volatility component with another non‐stationary volatility component. The VaR based on the new model performs better than traditional GARCH‐based VaRs, especially in unstable stock markets. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Der Einfluß der Temperatur des Auges auf die spektrale Empfindlichkeitskurve

Summary The influence of the temperature of the eye on the spectral distribution of its sensitivity was studied. The leading idea was that the small long-wave light quanta could only decompose a molecule of the photochemical substances if this molecule had already a sufficient thermal energy. One must therefore expect the sensitivity for long wavelengths to be higher at high temperatures; moreover this influence of temperature is most pronounced for the longest wavelengths. In the measurements the sensitivity for the wavelengths of 660 mµ and 730 mµ were comparedwith each other. In the accompanying figure the slit width of the apparatus at 660 mµ is shown as a function of temperature. The experimental points are close to the lines which were predicted by the theory.     

Estimation and prediction under structural instability: The case of the U.S. pulp and paper market

The objectives of this paper are: first, to show empirically the relevance of using adaptive estimation techniques over more traditional estimation approaches when economic systems are believed to be structurally unstable over time; and secondly, to compare in an empirical framework two adaptive estimation techniques: Kalman filtering and the Carbone–Longini filter. For that purpose, an econometric model for the U.S. pulp and paper market is examined under the assumption of structural instability and, hence, constitutes the basis for comparing forecasting performances and estimation accuracy achieved by each technique. A version of Kalman filtering, modified in line with the basic idea of ‘tracking’ characterizing the Carbone–Longini filter, is also presented and applied. The analysis of the results shows that it may be worth using adapative estimation methods to estimate structurally unstable models, even if there is no prior knowledge about the patterns of variation of the parameters. Also, it shows the Carbone–Longini filter and Kalman filtering as being complementary estimation techniques. An estimation/forecasting methodology involving a sequential application mode of these two techniques is suggested.