钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿冶炼渣的相平衡研究

高炉冶炼含钛铁矿时,因强还原条件和高温会形成高熔点Ti(C,N),导致炉渣和铁水粘度增加,使高炉操作难以顺利进行。必须掺杂高品位铁矿稀释原料中的氧化钛,使高炉渣所含的20wt%~30 wt% TiO₂难以回收,造成资源浪费。HIsmelt是近年来开发的绿色炼铁新工艺,不需要焦炭和烧结矿。HIsmelt工艺中炉内的氧分压高于高炉中的分压,温度显著低于高炉风口,因此避免了Ti(C,N)的形成。HIsmelt炉的水冷内壁会造成大量热损失,增加能耗,而且有炉衬烧穿的潜在风险。在HIsmelt工艺中以CaO为助剂熔炼富含TiO₂的铁矿会产生Al₂O₃–MgO–SiO₂–CaO–TiO₂渣。利用高温平衡、冷淬和电子探针显微分析技术研究了该渣系的相平衡,探讨了处理钛磁铁矿以及钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿混合矿的过程中渣液相温度与助剂添加量的关系。在所研究的组成范围内观察到的初晶相有板钛矿M₃O₅（MgO·2TiO₂–Al₂O₃·TiO₂）、尖晶石（MgO·Al₂O₃）、钙钛矿CaTiO₃和金红石TiO₂。结果表明,在TiO₂和M₃O₅相区中,渣液相温度随着CaO含量的增加而降低,而在尖晶石和CaTiO₃初晶相区的液相温度则随CaO含量的增加而升高。通过控制渣液相温度可以在炉子内壁上形成保护渣层,减少热损失,降低内衬耐火材料消耗。此外,讨论了炉渣碱度对炉渣液相线温度的影响,发现冶炼钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿的混合矿可以获得低硫铁水和高TiO₂炉渣,具有显著的成本和资源优势。最后,将实验测定的液相温度和固溶体成分与FactSage计算结果进行了比较,指出目前含钛热力学数据库的局限性和改进方向。     

CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–4.6wt%MgO–Fe2O3废汽车催化剂熔炼渣系的冶金特性研究

本文系统地研究了废汽车催化剂（SAC）与含铜电镀污泥（CBES）协同熔炼过程中形成的CaO?SiO₂?Al₂O₃?4.6wt%MgO?Fe₂O₃五元渣系的冶金特性。通过傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、FactSage热力学计算和粘度测试研究了该渣系的熔渣结构、熔化温度和粘度特性。实验结果表明,Fe₂O₃含量（3.8wt%?16.6wt%）、CaO/SiO₂质量比（0.5?1.3）和SiO₂/Al₂O₃质量比（1.0?5.0）的提高可以促进硅酸盐网络的解聚,同时以四面体和八面体单元形式存在的大量Fe₂O₃确保了Al3+离子的电荷补偿,使得Al₂O₃仅表现为酸性氧化物。热力学计算和粘度测试结果表明,随着Fe₂O₃含量、CaO/SiO₂比和SiO₂/Al₂O₃比的增加,熔渣中发生硅酸盐网络结构解聚和低熔点相变,促进了熔点和粘度的降低;而进一步增加会导致新的高熔点物相形成,反而导致粘度和熔点回升。根据实验分析,优选的低聚合度、粘度和熔点炉渣组成为:Fe₂O₃含量为10.2wt%?13.4wt%,CaO/SiO₂比为0.7?0.9和SiO₂/Al₂O₃比为3.0?4.0。本研究为SAC和CBES协同熔炼过程中的炉渣设计提供了理论支持。     

碳酸钠辅助碳热还原钒钛磁铁矿

碳酸钠辅助碳热还原钒钛磁铁矿工艺具有一步熔炼,高效分离提取钒、钛的优势。然而,碳酸钠在反应中的作用以及反应机理尚未系统研究。 本文在1073–1473 K的反应温度和氩气气氛下,研究了在碳酸钠辅助下钒钛磁铁精矿的碳热还原过程,并通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜研究了反应过程的相转变。研究结果表明,钒钛磁铁矿、石墨和碳酸钠的质量比为100:25:60,温度为1473 K为较好的反应条件。通过研究碳酸钠和钒钛磁铁矿的焙烧过程,发现熔融碳酸钠和酸性氧化物（如Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, Al₂O₃和SiO₂）结合,破坏钒钛磁铁矿的结构,形成富含钠的熔体,同时释放出FeO和MgO。因此,碳酸钠加快了铁氧化物的还原速率。此外,碳酸钠的加入降低了熔渣的黏度,有利于还原铁颗粒的团聚和渣-铁分离。因此,碳酸钠辅助碳热还原是一种具备良好前景的低温处理钒钛磁铁矿的方法。     

TiO2对含铬高钛熔分渣熔化性能和黏度的影响

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag (CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃) with TiO₂ contents ranging from 38.63wt% to 42.63wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a melting-point apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO₂ content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO₂ content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO₂.     

Al含量对Fe?10Mn?xAl (x = 0.035wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%)合金体系和CaO?SiO2?Al2O3?MgO精炼渣反应的影响

轻量化是世界汽车发展的方向,中高锰钢因高强、高塑、高加工硬化率等优异的力学性能引起了人们的很大关注。除Mn含量高外,该钢种通常含有较高的Al以降低材料密度、防止氢延迟断裂等。因合金含量高,钢液中的溶质元素和顶渣会发生较强的渣/钢反应,进而对钢液、顶渣、洁净度等产生重要影响。本文旨在研究不同Al含量的中锰钢与精炼渣的反应及其影响。本文采用渣/钢平衡的实验方法研究了不同Al 含量(0.035wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%)的Fe?10Mn?xAl 合金体系与CaO?SiO₂?20wt%Al₂O₃?6wt%MgO (CaO/SiO₂ = 4)精炼渣之间的反应,及其对钢液和炉渣成分、非金属夹杂物的影响;在实验基础上,对钢液和炉渣成分变化以及夹杂物转变进行了热力学分析与讨论。研究结果表明,渣/钢反应后,钢中Al含量显著降低,初始Al含量对反应后钢、渣的成分有重要影响。随着初始Al含量增加,钢中的Si和渣中的Al₂O₃逐渐增加,而渣中的SiO₂和MnO逐渐减少。造成该变化的原因是:随着初始Al含量增加,钢液中的Al逐渐替代Mn与渣中SiO₂反应,即渣/钢之间的主控反应由2[Mn] + (SiO₂) = 2(MnO) + [Si]转变为4[Al] + 3(SiO₂) = 2(Al₂O₃) + 3[Si]。随着初始Al含量增加,钢中夹杂物类型也发生很大变化,转变路线为:MnO → MnO?Al₂O₃?MgO → MgO → MnO?CaO?Al₂O₃?MgO 和 MnO?CaO?MgO,相应的夹杂物形状由球形变为不规则状,最后又变为类球形。其转变机理是:随着初始Al含量增加,钢中Al逐渐替代Mn与渣中SiO₂反应,且Mg、Ca依次从渣中还原进入钢液,故而夹杂物类型发生上述转变。     

Effect of slag composition on the cleanliness of 28MnCr5 gear steel in the refining processes

The equilibrium reaction between CaO—Al₂O₃—SiO₂—MgO slag and 28MnCr5 molten steel was calculated to obtain the suitable slag composition which is effective for decreasing the oxygen content in molten steel. The dissolved oxygen content [O] in molten steel under different top slag conditions was calculated using a thermodynamic model and was measured using an electromotive force method in slag–steel equilibrium experiments at 1873 K. The relations among [O], the total oxygen content (T.O), and the composition of the slag were investigated. The experimental results show that both [O] and T.O decrease with decreasing SiO₂ content of the slag and exhibit different trends with the changes in the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio of the slag. Increasing the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio results in a decrease in [O] and an increase in T.O. To ensure that T.O ≤ 20 ppm and [O] ≤ 10 ppm, the SiO₂ content should be controlled to <5wt%, and the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio should be in the range from 1.2 to 1.6.     

w(TiO2)对高铬型钒钛磁铁矿烧结矿冶金性能的影响

以高铬型钒钛磁铁矿和普通磁铁矿精矿混合料为原料，通过烧结杯试验考察了TiO₂质量分数对高铬型钒钛磁铁矿烧结矿性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着TiO₂质量分数从6.30%增加到11.76%，转鼓指数逐渐降低，烧结矿强度降低，垂直烧结速度、成品率和烧结杯利用系数均呈现上升的趋势；直径小于5mm的小粒径烧结矿的比例逐渐降低，粒度有增大的趋势；随着TiO₂质量分数的增加，赤铁矿含量降低，磁铁矿含量增加，同时，钙钛矿和Fe₉TiO₁₅相也增加.低温还原粉化指数有上升的趋势，相反还原性降低.     

1623 K时SiO2饱和的MnO–SiO2渣和Al2O3饱和的MnO–SiO2–Al2O3渣中NiO的活度系数

MnO–SiO₂二元系作为废旧锂离子电池、海洋锰结核还原熔炼过程中的基础渣型,测定有价金属（如镍）在渣中的溶解度、活度及活度系数热力学数据十分必要。为此,本文测定了温度1623 K、氧分压10?7,10?6,和10?5 Pa时SiO₂饱和的MnO–SiO₂渣和Al₂O₃饱和的MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中NiO的溶解度和活度系数。结果表明:在试验条件下,镍在MnO–SiO₂渣和MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中主要以NiO形式存在,且渣中NiO的溶解度随着氧分压增加而增加;向MnO–SiO₂渣中加入Al₂O₃可以降低渣中镍的溶解度,增加NiO的活度系数。此外,SiO₂饱和的MnO–SiO₂渣和Al₂O₃饱和的MnO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃渣中NiO的活度系数（γ_NiO,以纯固体NiO为参考态）可分别按如下公式计算:γ_NiO = 8.58w(NiO) + 3.18; γ_NiO=11.06w(NiO) + 4.07, 其中,w(NiO)为渣中NiO的质量分数。     

高钛型高炉渣中钛、钒资源潜在价值分析

高钛型高炉渣(以下称高炉渣)是高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿的产物,与一般高炉渣不同,它是钛、钒资源,不是废渣。一、高炉渣中钛、钒资源概况攀枝花高炉渣中钛、钒资源,来源于钒钛磁铁矿采、选、冶过程。钒钛磁铁矿中约53%的Ti O2和20%的V2O5,经过选矿后以钛磁铁矿物为主转入铁精矿;再经烧结、高炉冶炼富集于高炉渣中。二、高炉渣中Ti O2、V2O5品位高炉渣成分表成分Ti O2V2O5Si O2Al2O3CaO MgO MnO2!~230.23~0.3917.1~19.414.2~15.820~308.0~8.90.3~0.5成分FeO Fe2O3MFe C SC Cr2O3Ca2O3%2.4~2.62.7~2.61~30.4~5.20.00380.0150.00151…     

CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3四元渣系Al2O3活度预测模型

高炉渣系各组元活度对高炉冶炼和产品质量具有重要的影响作用. 基于分子-离子共存理论,建立CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型;结合试验测定值对其进行验证与修正,最终建立了修正的CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型;同时,依据模型计算结果探究R(w(CaO)/w(SiO₂)),w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)和w(Al₂O₃)对Al₂O₃活度的影响. 研究结果表明:修正后的CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃四元渣系Al₂O₃活度预测模型具有较高的预测精度,能够很好地预测熔渣Al₂O₃活度;当w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)=0.40,w(Al₂O₃)=20%时,随着R增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐减小;当R=1.25,w(Al₂O₃)=20%时,随着w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐减小;当w(MgO)/w(Al₂O₃)=0.40,R=1.25时,随着w(Al₂O₃)增加,Al₂O₃活度逐渐增大.     

Al2O3对高炉渣物化性能影响的理论分析

随着优质铁矿资源的消耗,钢铁企业可利用的铁矿原料品位逐渐降低。因此,高铝质铁矿资源越来越受到钢铁企业的关注,但高铝原料在高炉冶炼过程中会带来渣铁黏稠、炉温偏低、冶炼安全等一系列问题。本研究中采用FactSage热力学软件分析Al₂O₃质量分数对高炉渣平衡物相、熔化温度、相析出温度的影响以及高铝渣液相区变化和黏度变化,旨在为高炉冶炼高铝原料提供一定的基础支撑。研究发现：炉渣为低铝（5%～10%）含量时,随着Al₂O₃含量增加,炉渣熔化温度升高,析出相为黄长石相和纯物质相,高炉渣黏度变化不大,炉渣中SiO₂含量高,炉渣黏度过高,不适合高炉冶炼;炉渣为中铝（10%～15%）含量时,随着Al₂O₃含量增加,炉渣熔化温度升高,析出相为尖晶石相、黄长石相和纯物质相,高炉渣黏度增加幅度略有提高,Al₂O₃含量对高炉渣性质影响较小,增加炉渣二元碱度对炉渣黏度降低效果较明显;炉渣为高铝（15%～30%）含量时...     

Fluoride evaporation and crystallization behavior of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–(TiO2) slag for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

To elucidate the behavior of slag films in an electroslag remelting process, the fluoride evaporation and crystallization of CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–(TiO₂) slags were studied using the single hot thermocouple technique. The crystallization mechanism of TiO₂-bearing slag was identified based on kinetic analysis. The fluoride evaporation and incubation time of crystallization in TiO₂-free slag are found to considerably decrease with decreasing isothermal temperature down to 1503 K. Fish-bone and flower-like CaO crystals precipitate in TiO₂-free slag melt, which is accompanied by CaF₂ evaporation from slag melt above 1503 K. Below 1503 K, only near-spherical CaF₂ crystals form with an incubation time of less than 1 s, and the crystallization is completed within 1 s. The addition of 8.1wt% TiO₂ largely prevents the fluoride evaporation from slag melt and promotes the slag crystallization. TiO₂ addition leads to the precipitation of needle-like perovskite (CaTiO₃) crystals instead of CaO crystals in the slag. The crystallization of perovskite (CaTiO₃) occurs by bulk nucleation and diffusion-controlled one-dimensional growth.     

Al2O3含量变化对CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3–Al2O3熔渣粘度及结构的影响

熔渣粘度对冶炼过程中渣金反应的传质有着至关重要的作用，适当的熔渣粘度能够有效促进渣金反应，提升传质效率。为了促进含铬熔渣中铬的回收利用，本文使用柱体旋转法研究了Al₂O₃含量变化对CaO-SiO₂-Cr₂O₃-Al₂O₃渣粘度和结构的影响规律。熔渣在高温下表现出良好的牛顿流体行为。当Al₂O₃含量从0%增加到10wt%时，酸性渣的粘度首先从0.825增加到1.141 Pa·s，然后当Al₂O₃含量进一步增加到15wt%时，粘度降低到1.071 Pa·s。当Al₂O₃含量从0增加到15wt%时，碱性炉渣的粘度首先从0.084增加到0.158Pa·s，然后当Al₂O₃含量进一步增加到20wt%时，粘度降低到0.135 Pa·s。此外，含Cr₂O₃的炉渣比无Cr₂O₃的炉渣需要更少的Al₂O₃才能达到最大粘度；对于酸性和碱性炉渣，熔渣粘度达到最大值所需的Al₂O₃含量分别为10%和15%。熔渣的活化能变化规律与粘度结果一致。拉曼光谱表明，熔渣中仅有少量Al₂O₃时，Al以[AlO₄]四面体形式出现，随着Al₂O₃含量的逐渐增加，[AlO₄]四面体被[AlO₆]八面体所取代，对硅酸盐结构的分峰解谱结果也与粘度结果一致。     

Effect of interaction of refractories with Ni-based superalloy on inclusions during vacuum induction melting

This study documents laboratory-scale observation of the interactions between the Ni-based superalloy FGH4096 and refractories. Three different crucibles were tested—MgO, Al₂O₃, and MgO–spinel. We studied the variations in the compositions of the inclusions and the alloy–crucible interface with the reaction time using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the MgO and MgO–spinel crucibles form MgO-containing inclusions (Al–Mg oxides and Al–Mg–Ti oxides), whereas the inclusions formed when using the Al₂O₃ crucible are Al₂O₃ and Al–Ti oxides. We observed a new MgAl₂O₄ phase at the inner wall of the MgO crucible, with the alloy melted in the MgO crucible exhibiting fewer inclusions. No new phase occurred at the inner wall of the Al₂O₃ crucible. We discuss the mechanism of interaction between the refractories and the Ni-based superalloy. Physical erosion was found to predominate in the Al₂O₃ crucible, whereas dissolution and chemical reactions dominated in the MgO crucible. No reaction was observed between three crucibles and the Ti of the melt although the Ti content (3.8wt%) was higher than that of Al (2.1wt%).     

BaO和MgO含量对CaO–Al2O3系保护渣与钢基底之间润湿行为的影响

结晶器内的界面现象对连铸过程的顺行和铸件的质量有很大的影响,虽然钢–渣之间的界面特性已经被许多研究者研究过,但是这些研究大多是已钢或铁为研究对象。传统的CaO–SiO₂系保护渣在参与高铝钢连铸时会与钢中的Al发生化学反应,导致保护渣的成分和性能发生变化,从而影响连铸顺行。因此,性能稳定的非反应型CaO–Al₂O₃系保护渣,成为高铝钢连铸过程的一种潜在功能材料。本文采用卧滴法,研究了BaO和MgO含量对非反应型CaO–Al₂O₃系保护渣润湿行为的影响,测量了渣-钢之间的接触角,并计算了界面张力。此外,还利用XPS测定了钢-渣界面处的氧种类,以证明保护渣成分和界面之间的内在联系。研究结果表明:BaO和MgO对保护渣的润湿行为有着不同的影响,具体而言,当BaO含量从3wt%增加到7wt%时,渣与IF钢的接触角从62.4°增加到74.5°,界面张力也从1630.3 mN/m增加到1740.8 mN/m。 XPS的结果表明,随着BaO的加入,钢–渣界面处的熔体结构发生聚合,O?(非桥氧)和O2?（游离氧）的比例降低,而O0(桥氧)的比例增加,这说明BaO的加入会降低熔剂对IF钢的润湿性。而当MgO含量从3wt%增加到7wt%时,渣与IF钢基体的接触角从62.4°减少到51.3°,界面张力也从1630.3 mN/m降低到1539.7 mN/m。加入MgO时,钢–渣界面处的熔体结构发生解聚,由于部分O0分解为O?和O2?,导致O0的比例减少,这说明MgO提高了IF钢的润湿性,使熔剂更容易在IF钢表面浸润。引起这一结果的主要原因是,Mg2+离子半径小于Ba2+离子,Mg2+的静电势也高于Ba2+,较高的静电势导致O2?和Mg2+之间产生较强的极化效应,导致熔体中Mg–O键由离子键向共价键转变,从而使得Mg2+的电荷补偿效应远远小于Ba2+。     

Physical Property Influence on Foaming Index of Refining Slag

The foaming indexes of a group of refining slag were measured. The refining slag with better foaming ability was chosen,its composition (mass frachon in %) is CaO, 53.25, SiO₂, 17.75, MgO, 9; Al₂O₃, 15 and CaF₂, 5. The relationship between slag foaming index and physical properties of the slag was obtained by dimensional analysis, and the expression indicates that viscosity of slag is the most important factor which influences foaming index. The influence sequence of slap composition on foaming index was also obtained as follows: CaF₂→MgO→Al₂O₃→ B (CaO/SiO₂).     

Fabrication of Fe–TiC–Al2O3 composites on the surface of steel using a TiO2–Al–C–Fe combustion reaction induced by gas tungsten arc cladding

The aim of the present study was to fabricate Fe–TiC–Al₂O₃ composites on the surface of medium carbon steel. For this purpose, TiO₂–3C and 3TiO₂–4Al–3C–xFe (0 ≤ x ≤ 4.6 by mole) mixtures were pre-placed on the surface of a medium carbon steel plate. The mixtures and substrate were then melted using a gas tungsten arc cladding process. The results show that the martensite forms in the layer produced by the TiO₂–3C mixture. However, ferrite–Fe₃C–TiC phases are the main phases in the microstructure of the clad layer produced by the 3TiO₂–4Al–3C mixture. The addition of Fe to the TiO₂–4Al–3C reactants with the content from 0 to 20wt% increases the volume fraction of particles, and a composite containing approximately 9vol% TiC and Al₂O₃ particles forms. This composite substantially improves the substrate hardness. The mechanism by which Fe particles enhance the TiC + Al₂O₃ volume fraction in the composite is determined.     

Desulfurization ability of refining slag with medium basicity

The desulfurization ability of refining slag with relative lower basicity (B) and Al₂O₃ content (B = 3.5–5.0; 20wt%–25wt% Al₂O₃) was studied. Firstly, the component activities and sulfide capacity (C_S) of the slag were calculated. Then slag-metal equilibrium experiments were carried out to measure the equilibrium sulfur distribution (L_S). Based on the laboratorial experiments, slag composition was optimized for a better desulfurization ability, which was verified by industrial trials in a steel plant. The obtained results indicated that an MgO-saturated CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-MgO system with the basicity of about 3.5–5.0 and the Al₂O₃ content in the range of 20wt%–25wt% has high activity of CaO (a_CaO), with no deterioration of C_S compared with conventional desulfurization slag. The measured L_S between high-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steel and slag with a basicity of about 3.5 and an Al₂O₃ content of about 20wt% and between HSLA steel and slag with a basicity of about 5.0 and an Al₂O₃ content of about 25wt% is 350 and 275, respectively. The new slag with a basicity of about 3.5–5.0 and an Al₂O₃ content of about 20wt% has strong desulfurization ability. In particular, the key for high-efficiency desulfurization is to keep oxygen potential in the reaction system as low as possible, which was also verified by industrial trials.     

w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)对钙铝基保护渣结晶性能的影响

利用热丝法测试技术,结合扫描电镜和能谱分析,研究了不同w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)条件下钙铝基保护渣的结晶性能.结果表明,较低w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)下,保护渣结晶物相为LiAlO₂和CaO·Al₂O₃.其析出由渣中的Li⁺离子和Ca²⁺离子分别对高聚合度铝氧四面体结构的电荷补偿所致.而且,Li⁺离子优先参与,LiAlO₂优先析出.较高w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)下,结晶物相转变为LiAlO₂和3CaO·Al₂O₃.其变化原因为,CaO相对质量分数提高,保护渣聚合度降低,Ca²⁺离子和低聚合度铝氧四面体结构单元Q²结合而形成3CaO·Al₂O₃并析出.随着w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)由1.13提高至1.82,钙铝基保护渣析晶能力先减弱然后增强.在w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃)为1.50和1.82时分别具有最弱和最强的析晶能力.     

Influence of substituting B2O3 with Li2O on the viscosity,structure and crystalline phase of low-reactivity mold flux

The low-reactivity mold flux with low SiO₂ content is considered suitable for the continuous casting of high-aluminum steel since it can significantly reduce the reaction between Al in steel and SiO₂ in mold flux. However, the traditional low-reactivity mold flux still presents some problems such as high viscosity and strong crystallization tendency. In this study, the co-addition of Li₂O and B₂O₃ in CaO–Al₂O₃–10wt%Si O...