GPS单频单历元定姿算法性能分析与改进方法

为了提高LAMBDA在单频单历元情况下的性能和成功率,对该定姿算法的性能进行了理论研究,分析了影响搜索效率的因素,并提出了一种新的求解模型.将未知的整周模糊度拟合成噪声,能够显著提高搜索效率,同时利用模糊度存在范围等约束条件对原算法的成功率进行了改善.实验表明:相比于原算法,改进算法能够有效减少GPS姿态解算的时间,同...     

改进LAMBDA算法实现GPS整周模糊度快速解算

针对LAMBDA算法在实时解算GPS整周模糊度过程中存在模糊度浮点解偏差大、搜索范围大的缺点,采用Tikhonov正则化改进LAMBDA算法,对宽巷双差观测方程和L1双差观测方程中未知参数的系数矩阵进行奇异值(USV)分解,用分解后的协方差矩阵替换经典LAMBDA算法的协方差矩阵进行整周模糊度的搜索,该算法提高了模糊度浮点解的精度,缩小了模糊度的搜索范围.为了验证本文算法的正确性,对实测GPS基线观测数据进行了实验分析.结果表明:改进后的LAMBDA算法模糊度浮点解精度显著提高,改进后的LAMBDA算法模糊度固定成功率可以达到100%,可以无需初始化时间即可固定模糊度整数解,快速实现厘米级定位.     

GNSS整周模糊度概率特性

为了描述GNSS定位结果的可靠性和整周模糊度的概率分布,采用理论分析和实验的方法,推导了各种整周模糊度取整方法的成功率,分析了针对现代化后的GPS和Galileo系统的TCAR/MCAR方法。实验验证了LAMBDA算法能够较大提高模糊度取整成功率。研究结果表明,LAMBDA算法是一种比较理想的模糊度解算方法,TCAR/MCAR是LAMBDA算法在多频情况下的特例。研究结论有助于提高GNSS载波相位定位的可靠性。     

非线性基线长度约束在北斗测姿中的应用

针对传统无约束LAMBDA(least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment)算法中整周模糊度求解成功率不高的问题,提出一种利用基线约束的整数最小二乘快速求解整周模糊度的方法,并将其应用到北斗姿态测量系统中.该方法利用基线长度作为先验信息,将无约束的整数最小二乘扩展为非线性约束的最小二乘,并采用正交映射方法求解其约束解;同时在模糊度求解过程中,根据搜索空间的特性,先确定其上下界范围,再对模糊度残差范围限定,减少模糊度搜索过程中的候选解,最后采用迭代增加模糊度空间法和约束最小二乘求解对模糊度候选解筛选.实验采用单频北斗接收机实时数据对该算法的有效性进行验证,结果表明,在单频单历元条件下,该算法有效降低计算量,将姿态角求解成功率提高30%左右.     

阻尼白化滤波及其在GPS模糊度快速解算中应用

针对矿区开采沉陷观测中存在的两次观测的变形值不大等特点,将其作为约束条件,结合改进的白化滤波算法,提出了一种适合单频GPS监测开采沉陷的阻尼白化滤波快速解算模糊度算法。针对一般白化滤波方法对白化处理后模糊度直接取整的做法,提出在假设检验通不过时,引入LAMBDA中的条件最小二乘方法进行搜索,可以有效提高模糊度解算成功率。这个算法为用GPS监测矿区开采沉陷、大坝、滑坡、大桥及高层建筑物等的变形时的模糊度解算提供一条有效途径。     

一种改进的CIR法用于单历元模糊度解算

针对级联整周模糊度解算（CIR）法在载波相位和伪距观测噪声很大的场合,模糊度固定成功率很低这一问题,提出了一种改进的CIR法,该算法以CIR法为基础,利用排序和连续（逆）乔里斯基降相关法对每步最小二乘法求得的模糊度浮点解和协方差矩阵进行降相关,最后采用改进的最近点搜索（MAEVZ）法固定整周模糊度.仿真实验表明,在伪距观测噪声为2.0 m,载波相位观测噪声为0.03周的短基线环境下,CIR法单历元整周模糊度解算成功率已经低于5%,无法正确固定整周模糊度,而改进的CIR法单历元整周模糊度解算成功率仍能达到90%以上.      

基于超短基线的双频整周模糊度单历元取整固定算法

针对使用伪距取整固定宽巷整周模糊度效率高,但是宽巷一周取整错误发生频繁,伪距误差较大时还会出现大于一周的取整错误的问题,设计了一种可以弥补宽巷取整错误的整周模糊度固定算法.通过宽巷分离出的L₁浮点解小数探测和修复宽巷一周取整错误,使用RAIM算法排除大于一周的宽巷取整错误,最后使用正确的整周模糊度固定全部整周模糊度,完成高精度定位.使用实际GPS超短基线数据比较该算法与单历元LAMBDA算法的性能.该算法提高了直接使用伪距取整宽巷整周模糊度的固定率.相比单历元LAMBDA算法,本文算法的固定率稍低,但计算效率有明显提升.      

基于SVD-RLS的动对动整周模糊度解算方法

针对动对动相对定位时基线参量实时变化而难以准确求解模糊度浮点解的问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解-递推最小二乘(SVD-RLS)的动对动整周模糊度解算方法:该方法首先对基线矢量系数矩阵进行奇异值分解(SVD)并变换双差方程以消除基线参量,然后采用递推最小二乘(RLS)实时推算双差整周模糊度的浮点解及其协方差矩阵,最后利用最小二乘模糊度降相关平差(LAMBDA)算法搜索和固定模糊度;试验结果表明,采用基于SVD-RLS的动对动模糊度解算方法,在100s左右即可正确解算出单频整周模糊度,基线误差在1cm以内,能够较好地适用于动对动高精度相对定位的实时解算。     

一种有效的单频GPS相位模糊度解算方法

针对快速定位中GPS单频相位模糊度较难归整的问题，采用理论分析和实验验证的方法，推导了实时动态下相位平滑伪距的递推公式，给出了一些提高观测方程线性化初始值精度的思路。在分析了短时间段双差方程结构特性的基础上，提出采用迭代选权拟合法提高相位模糊度实数解精度的新方法。算例表明，该方法提高了模糊度实数解的精度和可靠性，缩小了模糊度的搜索空间，促进了模糊度解算效率和成功率，从而能促进单频GPS接收机在高精度快速定位中的应用。     

RTK快速求解整周模糊度算法及应用

分析了GPS-RTK测量速度的关键即解算整周模糊度，通过对RTK整周模糊度算法原理的分析，提出了快速RTK求解整周模糊度算法．该算法首先确定未知点的初始坐标，进而得到初始模糊度；然后以初始值为中心建立一个搜索空间，应用最小二乘原理搜索出准确的模糊度值．     

An improved regularization method to resolve integer ambiguity in rapid positioning using single frequency GPS receivers

A new approach is employed in GPS rapid positioning using several-epoch single frequency phase data.Firstly, the structure characteristic of the normal matrix in GPS rapid positioning is analyzed. Then, in the light of the characteristic, based on TIKHONOV regularization theorem,a new regularizer is designed to mitigate the ill-condition of the normal matrix. The accurate float ambiguity solutions and their MSEM (Mean Squared Error Matrix) are obtained using several-epoch single frequency phase data. Combined with LAMBDA method, the new approach was used to fix the integer ambiguities correctly and quickly using MSEM instead of the cofactor matrix of the ambiguities. Finally, a baseline over 3 km is taken as an example. The fixed integer ambiguities by the new approach using five epoch single frequency phase data are the same as those fixed by Bernese software using long time data. The success rate of fixing the integer ambiguities is 100 percent using 197 group data.Compared with the traditional methods, the new approach provides better accuracy and efficiency in GPS rapid positioning. So, the new approach has an extensive application outlook in deformation monitoring, pseudokinematic relative positioning, and attitude determination, etc.     

Theory of carrier phase ambiguity resolution

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution is the key to high precision Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) positioning and navigation. It applies to a great variety of current and future models of GPS, modernized GPS and Galileo. A proper handling of carrier phase ambiguity resolution requires a proper understanding of the underlying theory of integer inference. In this contribution a brief review is given of the probabilistic theory of integer ambiguity estimation. We describe the concept of ambiguity pull-in regions, introduce the class of admissible integer estimators, determine their probability mass functions and show how their variability solution. The theory is worked out in more detail for integer least-squares and integer bootstrapping. It is shown that the integer least-squares principle maximizes the probability of correct integer estimation. Sharp and easy-to-compute bounds are given for both the ambiguity success rate and the baseline's probability of concentration. Finally the probability density function of the ambiguity residuals is determined. This allows one for the first time to formulate rigorous tests for the integerness of the parameters.     

一种动对动相对定位中平滑惯导辅助模糊度解算策略

针对基于单频载波相位的动对动相对定位中实时模糊度固定可靠性不高的问题,本文提出了一种基于DGNSS/INS紧组合的平滑惯导辅助模糊度解算策略,以提高低成本接收机高精度定位的普适性。首先,基于伪距和载波相位观测量构建动对动相对定位模型;其次,对惯性导航数据进行卡尔曼滤波处理,并利用滤波平滑后的惯导位置预测卫地距重构双差观测方程并构造惯导位置约束方程,继而获得较高精度浮点解及其协方差阵,采用LAMBDA算法进行整周模糊度固定及Ratio检验;最后,由DGNSS/INS紧组合算法对惯性误差进行反馈校正,以维持惯性高精度导航。实测数据实验结果表明,对比没有惯导辅助、有惯导辅助和经滤波平滑后的惯导辅助结果,本文采用的方法可以有效地提高模糊度浮点解精度,减小模糊度搜索空间,提升整周模糊度固定成功率,三种方法下模糊度固定成功率分别为92.3%,99.1%和99.6%,并最终实现厘米级动态相对定位。     

附加约束法在单频GPS快速静态定位中的应用

针对在短时间内GPS观测方程的法方程容易形成病态的实际,探讨用附加约束条件来消除其病态性的方法,然后用LAMBDA方法确定其整周模糊度,实验证明,对于单频GPS接收机,利用5个历元数据,使用该技术即可正确确定整周模糊度,从而实现厘米级定位.     

单频GPS基线精化解算的经验模式分解方法

为了削弱非模型化误差对单频GPS基线解算的影响,引入经验模式分解法对原始双差观测值进行自适应滤波消噪.在此基础上应用消噪后的双差观测值结合LAMBDA方法进行整周模糊度确定,进而计算基线固定解.算例分析结果表明:此方法可以有效增强基线解算的可靠性并能明显改善定位精度.     

Minimizing the integer ambiguity search space for RTK

Differential GPS carrier phase measurements have much lower noise and multipath error than that of pseudorange measurements.The result is centimeter accuracy for Real-Time Kinematic (RTK).However, the measurement of the carrier phase has a constant unknown integer ambiguity. Several technical issues are related to solving the integer ambiguity correctly. They are: proper stochastic model, search space definition and initialization, search space reduction, state and standard deviation calculation, validation and rejection criteria for the unique and correct candidate. Search space reduction is critically important. It not only affects the ambiguity resolution speed, but also defines the ambiguity resolution success rate. The smaller the search space, the easier it is to find the unique and correct candidate set. The paper analyzes the integer ambiguity search space in its residual domain.The search space is minimized by: Analyzing the maximum independent integer ambiguity measurement set theoretically; Selecting the best initial measurement set that minimizes the search range of each satellite in the set and reduces the error effects from noise that may cause the wrong integer ambiguity solution for the remaining satellites not contained in the initial measurement set.Since the Residual Sensitive Matrix (S-Matrix) relates the integer ambiguity candidate set directly to post-fix residuals, it is not necessary to compute a fix for each candidate set thus making the integ erambiguity search process much more efficient. Also, minimizing the search space in the residual domain improves the search efficiency significantly and at the same time improves its reliability. Performance issues, such as recursive and weighted search techniques as well as methods for improving reliability, are also discussed in the article.