Influence of the earth's magnetic field on the comb building orientation of hornets

Summary Introduction of a magnetic field that counteracts the vertical component of the earth's field, thereby creating a total zero field is lethal to juvenile hornets and completely disrupts the comb-building orientation of adult hornets. This suggests that the terrestrial magnetic field is the main guideline for vespan building orientation.     

Duration of hornet sleep induced by ether anesthesia is curtailed by exposure to sun or UV irradiation

Irradiation of hornets anesthetized by diethyl ether curtails their sleep duration from the ordinary 20–30 min to a mere 2–3 min. This effect on sleep is dependent on the intensity of the sun irradiation or, when exposed to monochromatic UV at 366 nm, on the duration of the irradiation. Of the various hornet cuticular areas of the body, the yellow cuticular areas of the abdominal segments are the most sensitive to the treatment. We assume that the cuticles of both live and dead hornets act as a converter of light to electric energy.     

Influence of pulsing electromagnetic field on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells

Exposures of Chinese hamster cells to pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) with 0.18-2.5 mT did not influence the baseline frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). The results suggest that PEMF with the magnetic intensity examined does not interfere with DNA replication nor produce DNA lesions, thereby leading to an increased frequency of SCE.     

Influence of pulsing electromagnetic field on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian cells

Summary Exposure of Chinese hamster cells to pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) with 0.18–2.5 mT did not influence the baseline frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). The results suggest that PEMF with the magnetic intensity examined does not interfere with DNA replication nor produce DNA lesions, thereby leading to an increased frequency of SCE.     

Heat production by balling in the Japanese honeybee,Apis cerana japonica as a defensive behavior against the hornet,Vespa simillima xanthoptera (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Summary As an effective counterattack strategy against predacious hornets, especiallyVespa simillima xanthoptera, workers ofApis cerana japonica showed a distinct balling reaction, usually involving 180–300 bees. This produced heat for as long as 20 min, giving rise to temperatures inside the ball higher than 46°C, which is lethal to the hornet but not to the bees.     

Effects of magnetic field on inflammation.

The effects of a 50 Hz magnetic field on experimentally-induced inflammation in rats were studied. Carrageenan edema was inhibited significantly by exposure to magnetic field for 3 h. Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats was also suppressed by the magnetic field.     

Magnetic inclination compass: A basis for the migratory orientation of birds in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere

We conducted orientation experiments with Silvereyes,Zosterops lateralis, Australian passerine migrants, to see whether birds living in the Southern Hemisphere in a magnetic field with an upward inclination orient in the same way as birds in the Northern Hemisphere that experience a downward inclination of the magnetic field. Tested indoors in the local geomagnetic field, the birds preferred southerly directions corresponding to their migratory direction in spring. In a magnetic field with a reversed vertical component, they reversed their directional tendencies. This shows that the magnetic compass of Silvereyes also functions as an inclination compass based on the inclination of the field lines instead of the polarity.     

基于有限元方法的圆简直线感应电机变化气隙场瞬态特性分析

本文将电机的三维场问题转化为二维场问题，运用有限元法对圆筒直线感应电动机的二维电磁场进行了数值计算。在此理论分析的基础上，采用电磁场分析的专用软件AnsoflMaxwell2D对样机的瞬态特性进行仿真分析，得到电机运行过程中某一时刻的磁感应强度分布、磁力线、电流密度及气隙磁密等曲线；并在加额定电压条件下，研究了不同气隙下电机磁场及力特性的变化，将分析结果用来指导直线感应电机的理论研究以及本体和其控制系统的设计。     

场助纳米二氧化钛薄膜光催化降解甲紫的研究

纳米二氧化钛是一种重要的无机功能材料。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO_2薄膜,利用"场助"影响其光催化特性。光催化实验以可能具有致癌性并且难以生化降解的三苯甲烷类染料——甲紫作为降解物质,用2100型分光光度计来测量降解率,以确定电场、磁场强度对光催化特性的影响。光催化实验结果表明,外加电场(未参与水的电解)、磁场对于协助光催化降解甲紫有着明显的效果。随着外加电场、磁场强度的增加,甲紫溶液的降解率有大幅提高。反应符合一级动力学方程。     

磁场处理对农作物产生的效应概述

大量研究表明，当生物体所处的磁场环境发生变化时，会产生各种各样的效应。本文综述了磁场处理对农作物产生的效应研究进展。     

Magnetic compass orientation in the subterranean rodent Cryptomys hottentotus (Bathyergidae)

To test whether mole-rats Cryptomys hottentotus were able to use the magnetic field for orientation, laboratory experiments were conducted which were based on the animals' spontaneous tendency to build their nests at the same position in a circular arena. In the local geomagnetic field, the animals preferred the SE-sector. When magnetic north was turned by 120 degrees or by 180 degrees, the mole-rats changed their nest position accordingly. This clearly shows that they can use the magnetic field for direction finding.     

Magnetic compass orientation in the subterranean rodentCryptomys hottentotus (Bathyergidae)

Summary To test whether mole-ratsCryptomys hottentotus were able to use the magnetic field for orientation, laboratory experiments were conducted which were based on the animals' spontaneous tendency to build their nests at the same position in a circular arena. In the local geomagnetic field, the animals preferred the SE-sector. When magnetic north was turned by 120^o or by 180^o, the mole-rats changed their nest position accordingly. This clearly shows that they can use the magnetic field for direction finding.     

Study on sex-specific transferrin polymorphism and on the identification of transferrins by radioactive labelling.

Sex-specific differences with regard to the intensity of transferrin bands were observed in a noninbred adult mouse population after separation of the serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amongst the female animals, an additional protein fraction was found just above the position of the transferrin bands. By means of a tracer method, using 59Fe-labelling, it could be shown that the additional fraction is not a part of the transferrin bands.     

Influence of high magnetic fields on meiosis

Summary In a homogeneous, high magnetic field, the number of chromosomal aberrations during meiotic division in the sporogenic tissue of lily is increased.     

Ni2MnGa铁磁形状记忆材料

铁磁形状记忆合金 (FSMA)是在一定温度范围马氏体相稳定同时又具铁磁性的一类特殊的形状记忆合金。Ni2MnGa铁磁形状记忆合金近年来成为呈现磁场驱动大应变的新型驱动材料 ,这些应变来自磁场诱发马氏体孪晶的重排 ,而不是磁场对奥氏体至马氏体相变的作用。孪晶变体的重排在宏观上呈现为正或切应变 ,一非化学计量比Ni2 MnGa单晶于室温加 0 .4T磁场能产生6 %的应变 ,Ni Mn Ga单晶在高至 15 0Hz的交变磁场仍可得到 2 .5 %的应变。本文阐述了与这种磁控形状记忆效应相关的孪晶界迁动的磁学和晶体学理论。马氏体相的大磁晶各向异性能使磁化沿c轴方向有利 ,穿过孪晶界c轴刚好转动 90度 ,同时 ,这个孪晶界也构成了约 90度的畴界。在各向异性的情况下 ,孪晶界的迁动仅有相邻孪晶变体的Zeeman能差驱动 ,μ0 ΔMis·Hi。磁场和外应力对应变的影响通过对一简单的自由能表达式取极小值来表示 ,自由能表达式包括Zeeman能、磁晶各向异性能和外应力以及在某些情况下需考虑的内部弹性能 ,模型的所有参数可通过应力 应变曲线和磁化曲线测量得到。铁磁形状记忆合金的磁场诱发应变可类比传统热弹性形状记忆效应 ,与更为人们所熟知的磁致伸缩现象不同。     

Magnetic orientation and celestial cues in migratory orientation

Summary Young birds on their first migration possess innate information on the direction of their migration route. It is present in two forms, using celestial rotation and the geomagnetic field as references. These two systems, together with information provided by factors associated with sunset, interact in a complex way to establish the migratory direction. During ontogeny, celestial rotation appears to be dominant; during migration, however, celestial cues appear to be controlled by the magnetic field. The factors associated with sunset — the view of the setting sun, the characteristic pattern of polarized light — are important secondary cues which seem to derive their directional significance from the magnetic field. Their role appears to be more variable, with possible species-specific differences. During spring migration and later autumn migrations, flying in the migratory direction is complemented by navigational processes which enable the birds to return to a specific home site known from previous stays.     

基于室温单自旋磁共振技术的量子精密测量

实现深及单个量子系统的测量技术,能够揭示出在传统宏观测量中被系综统计所平均掉的独特的个体信息.金刚石中的氮–空位色心(NV色心)在室温下具有超长的相干时间,并可以通过光探测磁共振的方式进行单量子体系的操控和读出,已经成为实现量子精密测量和量子信息处理的重要平台.尤其在测磁学方面,朝向单分子成像的研究正在全力进行.本文回顾了基于NV色心的量子精密测量研究,介绍了其在测量磁场、电场、力学系统、温度等方面的相关进展,讨论了本领域今后可能的发展方向.     

The Pendulum Swings Again: A Mathematical Reassessment of Galileo's Experiments with Inclined Planes

 After over 300 years of scrutiny, the subject of Galileo continues to be pursued with unabating intensity. Dava Sobel's Galileo's Daughter points to the popular interest in the man and his legacy. The Catholic Church, understandably interested in dispelling the notion that its censure of Galileo centuries ago is proof positive that religious faith and science as well as ecclesiastical authority and free pursuit of scholarship are irreconcilable, continues to offer explanations. New books, articles and conferences probe both in breadth and in depth the magnetic field charged by Galileo, science, and the Church. Galileo's analysis of the physics of motion has also received considerable attention. In particular, a great deal has been written during the past thirty years about the structure and objectives of three experiments with inclined planes. Galileo had carried them out in Padua and recorded them in his working papers. The assessments of the three experiments differ widely in points of detail, but all regard them as sophisticated, ingenious, and remarkable. This article presents a new critical study of these experiments. Its conclusion is that one of the experiments is indeed a success, but that the other two fail and are abandoned because Galileo did not have a firm enough grip on the underlying physical principles and mathematical relationships.     

Effect of pulsing electromagnetic fields on DNA synthesis in mammalian cells in culture

DNA synthesis in Chinese hamster V79 cells was significantly enhanced when they were exposed to weak, pulsing electromagnetic fields generated by specific combinations of the pulse width (25 microseconds), frequency (10, 100 Hz) and magnetic intensity (2 X 10(-5), 8 X 10(-5) T). Conversely the DNA synthesis of cells in the fields at 4 X 10(-4) T was repressed to 80% of that in controls not exposed to the fields.