锡的添加对TiAl基合金的影响

研究了Sn的添加对Ti-34wt％Al合金的室温力学性能、显微组织、相组成和断口形貌的影响。试验发现,在TiAl基合金中添加Sn,能够使合金室温延性得到提高。还发现,添加1.14wt％Sn,使合金的层状组织呈较细的等轴晶,晶界光滑且较宽,合金表现出较好的室温综合力学性能,断口形貌出现准解理特征。     

添加锰对TiAl金属间化合物孪生变形的影响

本文研究了L1_0型TiAl和TiAl Mn金属间化合物的室温力学特性和变形亚结构。实验结果表明:添加合金元素Mn可以促进TiAl合金中的孪生变形,从而使其室温延性得以明显改善。建立了TiAl有序结构中孪生变形的位错模型,根据该模型,阐述了TiAl合金的孪生过程及其晶体学特征,重点讨论了合金元素Mn对TiAl合金孪生变形影响的机制,指出了超位错可动性增强和层错能降低是促进孪生变形的两个重要因素。     

Mn对L_(10)-TiAl金属间化合物延性的改善作用

本研究测定了64wt-％ Ti+(36-X)wt-％ Al+Xwt-％Mn(X=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)合金系列的抗弯性能,实验结果表明:适量的Mn可以显著地改善TiAl金属间化合的的延性。本文从合金组织、晶体结构及位错组态的变化出发,探讨了Mn的作用机制,得出了如下结论:a.Mn的加入使TiAl合金的晶粒显著细化,减少位错在晶内的塞积长度,从而较难造成裂纹形核所需的应力集中,同时裂纹在位向不同的晶粒内传播也更困难,使合金在断裂前可承受较大的变形。b.TiAl合金的晶格常数轴比(c/a)随Mn含量的增加而趋近于1,提高了晶体的对称性和变形协调性。c.Mn具有稳定TiAl合金中孪晶组织的作用,使TiAl合金的孪生变形较为容易,从而,当正常位错发生缠结、不能对塑性变形进一步作出贡献时,孪生变形将起着主要作用。d.与TiAl二元合金相比,变形后的TiAl+Mn三元合金中,层错明显增多,这表明超位错的运动对TiAl+Mn合金的塑性变形也起着重要的作用。     

一种活塞环用钴基高温合金的冷加工研究

研究了冷加工变形对一种活塞环用钴基高温合金硬度、抗拉强度、延伸率及微观组织的影响。结果表明：固溶状态的钴基高温合金拉伸曲线为典型的金属拉伸曲线,而冷变形状态的合金无明显的屈服阶段;随着冷形变量的增加,合金的强度、硬度逐渐增加,而塑性明显降低;合金组织中出现了大量的层错和孪晶,其硬化机理为孪晶强化。     

高温动态拉伸下NG TiAl弹塑性行为的数值模拟

基于率相关的晶体塑性理论,发展了更为合理的同时考虑位错滑移和形变孪晶作用、并计及温度影响的TiAl单晶本构模型.在此基础上,建立了能够反映晶粒随机取向的多晶有限元模型,对不同温度(室温～840℃)不同拉伸应变率(0.001～1 350/s)下NG TiAl的弹塑性力学行为进行了模拟.结果显示,模拟得到的应力应变曲线与试验结果基本一致,能够比较好地模拟NG TiAl在不同温度和应变率下的材料响应.还考察了形变孪晶对塑性变形的影响,结果表明孪晶为NG TiAl重要的变形方式之一;动态条件下孪晶的体积分数增大,从而提高了NG TiAl的塑性变形;而温度对孪晶体积分数演化的影响不明显.     

热处理对TiAl基合金喷丸试样组织与性能的影响

TiAl合金在高温下服役时,表面因受循环载荷而容易产生疲劳裂纹,因此有必要进行表面处理以改善其力学性能。使用直径0.2 mm钢丸在0.7 MPa气压下对TiAl合金进行室温喷丸实验,使用ABAQUS有限元分析软件进行喷丸仿真模拟研究。随后,对喷丸试样进行不同温度和保温时间的热处理。通过SEM观察TiAl合金纵截面的显微组织,使用X射线残余应力仪测量TiAl合金表面的残余压应力,使用显微硬度仪测量热处理后TiAl合金表面的显微硬度。结果发现,喷丸后TiAl合金表面出现许多凹坑和层片状突起,次表面处发生明显塑性变形并出现许多变形孪晶。热处理后TiAl合金表面残余压应力会随着保温时间的增加和热处理温度的升高而变小。硬度几乎表现出与残余应力相同的趋势,但当热处理温度为1 200℃时,因金相组织发生变化,α₂相含量明显增多,导致硬度增加。     

含中心微裂纹α-Fe拉伸与疲劳失效机理的原子模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了含(010)[101]型中心裂纹的金属α-Fe在拉伸载荷和疲劳载荷作用下裂纹扩展的微观机制。研究表明,含有此类裂纹的体心立方金属铁在单轴拉伸载荷下,其破坏机制是一个以裂尖层错和孪晶变形共同存在、伴有裂纹钝化,并最终以孪晶变形为主的过程。疲劳失效是以孪晶形变为主,全位错、不全位错、层错共同作用的破坏机制,同时发现循环加载下[11-1](-121)滑移系中孪晶形变比位错更容易发生,而且孪晶的出现,有利于减缓疲劳裂纹的扩展速度。含裂纹α-Fe变形与失效的过程,是一个位错、层错、孪晶和相变等多种微观机制共同作用的复杂过程。     

ZK60镁合金的室温静液挤压强化

对室温静液挤压ZK60变形镁合金的组织、力学性能进行研究。研究结果表明：室温静液挤压后镁合金的表面质量良好：由于加工硬化的作用,镁合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度分别提高20％,60％和54％;变形过程发生了孪生动态再结晶,孪晶和二次孪晶的产生可以阻碍裂纹扩展,镁在基面滑移与孪生的交互作用下形成微晶和孪晶位错;室温静液挤压的镁合金具有良好的金属流动性,应力分布状况亦有利于变形：采用室温静液挤压,可实现镁合金室温下大变形量的形变,是强化镁合金的有效途径之一。     

退火温度对25Mn-3Si-3Al-TWIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同退火温度对25Mn-3Si-3Al-TWIP钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明经1000℃退火后,此钢种可达到640MPa左右的抗拉强度和255MPa左右的屈服强度以及82%以上的延伸率,具有较好的综合力学性能.其室温组织为单相奥氏体基体的退火孪晶,通过TEM观察内部为大量的层错和孪晶共存结构.在随后的拉伸变形过程中产生大量形变孪晶,发生了TWIP效应——孪晶诱发塑性效应,使钢板具有优良的力学性能.     

TiAl＋Ca合金断裂及变形亚结构研究

运用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ等分析手段研究了ＴｉＡｌ＋Ｃａ三元合金的室温断裂行为和变形亚结构．结果表明，少量Ｃａ的添加可以大幅度提高Ｔｉ－３４％Ａｌ合金的室温力学性能．合金断裂时不再表现为单纯的穿晶解理断裂而在γ单相中出现了河流状的解理纹，断口上还出现较多的撕裂梭；ＴＥＭ分析表明，Ｃａ的添加有助于１／２＜１１０］正常位错的启动；Ｔｉ－３４％Ａｌ－１．０％Ｃａ合金压缩变形时产生大量的位错环，当Ｃａ含量达到２．０％时，在γ相中出现了由于位错分解而产生的层错．     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

Abrasive resistance of metastable V–Cr–Mn–Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons using the factorial design method

Full factorial design was used to evaluate the two-body abrasive resistance of 3wt%C–4wt%Mn–1.5wt%Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons with varying vanadium (5.0wt%–10.0wt%) and chromium (up to 9.0wt%) contents. The alloys were quenched at 920℃. The regression equation of wear rate as a function of V and Cr contents was proposed. This regression equation shows that the wear rate decreases with increasing V content because of the growth of spheroidal VC carbide amount. Cr influences the overall response in a complex manner both by reducing the wear rate owing to eutectic carbides (M₇C₃) and by increasing the wear rate though stabilizing austenite to deformation-induced martensite transformation. This transformation is recognized as an important factor in increasing the abrasive response of the alloys. By analyzing the regression equation, the optimal content ranges are found to be 7.5wt%–10.0wt% for V and 2.5wt%–4.5wt% for Cr, which corresponds to the alloys containing 9vol%–15vol% spheroidal VC carbides, 8vol%–16vol% M₇C₃, and a metastable austenite/martensite matrix. The wear resistance is 1.9–2.3 times that of the traditional 12wt% V–13wt% Mn spheroidal carbide cast iron.     

Fe3Al金属间化合物的韧化（I）

通过加铬合金化及合理的热加工工艺,制得了高室温韧性Fe_3Al金属间化合物。实验结果表明:合金元素铬的添加,改变了铁铝合金的断裂模式,即由纯解理断裂模式变为解理、沿晶混合断裂模式;铬的加入改善了室温韧性,提高了解理强度。     

Effects of Ni content on the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys

The effects of Ni content (0–2.1wt%) on the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys were investigated, and the corresponding mechanisms of influence were analyzed. The results show that the amount of precipitated phase increases in the cast alloys with increasing Ni content. When the Ni content is 0.45wt% or 0.98wt%, needle-like Be₂₁Ni₅ phases form in the grains and are mainly distributed in the interdendritic regions. When the Ni content is 1.5wt% or greater, a large number of needle-like precipitates form in the grains and chain-like Be₂₁Ni₅ and BeNi precipitates form along the grain boundaries. The addition of Ni can substantially refine the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys. The hindering effects of both the dissolution of Ni into the matrix and the formation of Be–Ni precipitates on grain-boundary migration are mainly responsible for refining the cast and solid-solution microstructures of Cu-0.4wt%Be alloys. Higher Ni contents result in finer microstructures; however, given the precipitation characteristics of Be–Ni phases and their dissolution into the matrix during the solid-solution treatment, the upper limit of the Ni content is 1.5wt%–2.1wt%.     

高能球磨Ti/Al复合粉固相反应烧结工艺

采用金相和能谱方法对Ti、Al箔的固相扩散反应行为进行了研究,建立了TiAl3相层厚度生长的计算公式.并在此基础上,探讨了球磨Ti/Al复合粉的两步固相烧结工艺.研究表明:两步固相烧结法可有效抑制烧结引起的粉末体变形,获得具有典型显微组织的致密烧结材料;尽管延长低温预烧时间可获得由TiAl与Ti3Al组成的热稳定性较好的组织,但组织致密度偏低,为了获得高致密的TiAl合金,仍需后续高温烧结.实验还表明,高能球磨促进了TiAl基合金组织细化,且球磨时间越长烧结组织晶粒越细小;双态组织中的层片组织含量随球磨时间延长而增加,但长时间球磨由于非晶化的出现又会引起层片组织含量下降.     

TiO2对含铬高钛熔分渣熔化性能和黏度的影响

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag (CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃) with TiO₂ contents ranging from 38.63wt% to 42.63wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a melting-point apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO₂ content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO₂ content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO₂.     

稀士元素钇对NbTi50wt%超导合金塑性影响研究

1 样品制备样品分两组:第一组研究添加 Y 的不同含量对合金塑性的影响,选用0.1,0.2,0.3wt%添加量,在预抽真空为10~(-1)mmHg 后充以工业氩气(纯度为98%)保护下,在水冷铜坩埚内反复熔炼成小钮扣锭.第二组样品是在真空度为10~(-4)mmHg 的自耗电弧炉中熔炼而成,一种添加0.3wt%Y,另一种是纯 NbTi50wt%.熔炼电压30kV,电流密度5A/mm~2.所用原料为标准国产 NbTi50wt%棒和纯度为99.95%的块状 Y.所有样品都经过1350℃、5小时均匀化热处理,950℃、20min 固溶处理,热锻,水淬(高于800℃),然后作拉伸试验.