Con A建立小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤模型研究

目的探讨刀豆蛋白A(Con A)诱导急性免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型的最适剂量及最佳给药途径.方法选用雄性ICR小鼠180只,分为尾静脉注射与腹腔注射两种给药途径,每个给药途径分为6组,对照组、Con A 10,20,30,40和50 mg/kg剂量组,Con A各剂量组注射相应剂量的Con A,对照组注射生理盐水,在注射8 h后,检测各组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的水平,采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察肝组织病理变化.结果与对照组比较,腹腔注射Con A各剂量组的ALT和AST水平无明显变化;尾静脉注射Con A 40 mg/kg剂量组的ALT和AST水平明显升高(P0. 05);组织学病理显示:肝损伤明显,Con A 10,20,30 mg/kg剂量组ALT和AST水平变化不明显,50 mg/kg剂量组死亡率较高.结论小鼠尾静脉注射40 mg/kg的Con A可成功诱导ICR小鼠的急性肝损伤.     

核黄素对游泳训练小鼠运动能力及抗氧化能力的影响

探讨了不同剂量的核黄素灌胃对游泳训练小鼠运动能力和肝、肾、心、脑、肌、脾等器官抗氧化能力的影响.结果表明,与对照组小鼠比较,核黄素2.5 mg/kg剂量组小鼠在新环境下的自发活动和记忆能力显著提高(P<0.05),力竭游泳时间显著延长(P<0.05),肝、肾、心、肌内SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性显著增强(P<0.05),且肝、肾、心内MDA(丙二醛)含量显著下降(P<0.05);而5.01、0.0 mg/kg剂量组小鼠的开场行为、学习记忆能力及肝、肾、脑、肌、脾等中SOD活性和MDA含量均无显著差异.说明适量的核黄素可促进游泳训练小鼠的生长发育,提高机体抗氧化能力及运动能力.     

CUMS+LPS致小鼠抑郁模型的建立及人参皂苷Rb1的抗抑郁机制研究

采用慢性轻度不可预知刺激(CUMS)+内毒素(LPS)制备小鼠抑郁模型,并研究人参皂苷Rb1的抗抑郁作用及其机制.将C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、米诺环素(20 mg/kg)组、Rb1低、中、高剂量(5、10、20 mg/kg)组.模型与给药组小鼠每天给予CUMS刺激,正常组小鼠不予刺激.同时各组小鼠腹腔注射给予相应药物和溶媒,每天1次,共11 d;末次给药1 h后腹腔给予LPS 200μg/kg,24 h后检测相应指标.结果表明:人参皂苷Rb1能显著缩短抑郁小鼠悬尾不动时间(TST)与强迫游泳不动时间(FST),降低血清ACTH和CORT水平及炎症因子TNF-α浓度;能逆转抑郁小鼠海马BDNF表达减少.结果提示:CUMS+LPS能成功诱导小鼠抑郁模型;人参皂苷Rb1能显著改善模型小鼠的抑郁状态,机制可能与调控下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴过度兴奋、抑制炎症反应有关.     

白桦树皮提取物的降血脂作用研究

目的研究白桦树皮提取物(BH)的降血脂作用.方法分正常组、模型组、BH给药组:高(300 mg/kg)、中(200 mg/kg)、低(100 mg/kg)剂量和阳性对照组:脂必妥(300 mg/kg).预防给药7 d,末次给药2 h后,腹腔注射75%蛋黄乳液制作小鼠高脂血症模型,造模12 h后测定不同剂量的BH对小鼠血脂水平的影响.结果白桦树皮提取物能够显著降低小鼠血清中TC,TG,LDL-C浓度,显著升高HDL-C.结论白桦树皮提取物具有明显的降血脂作用.     

ICR小鼠体内染色体畸变试验的优化

目的 使用ICR小鼠开展体内染色体畸变实验,通过在不同时间点给予环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CP)及秋水仙素(colchicine,COL),对比不同给药/取材时间点及不同给药浓度对小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变发生率的影响。方法 共36只约7～8周龄ICR雄性小鼠首先随机分为药后18 h取材组和给药后24 h取材组,再下设COL 4 mg/kg体质量(取材前4 h,i.p.)和10 mg/kg(取材前2 h,i.p.)给药组,以0.9% 氯化钠注射液为溶媒对照,分别给予CP 0 mg/kg、10 mg/kg和40 mg/kg,每小组各3只动物。记录实验期间给药前后动物体质量。阴性对照组和10 mg/kg CP组间隔24 h分两次给药,40 mg/kg CP为单次给药。给药后18 h或24 h取材,取材前2 h或4 h分别腹腔注射COL。取材时摘取全部实验动物双侧股骨,收集骨髓细胞悬液制备Giemsa染色体标本用于分析染色体畸变类型,并计算每组平均结构畸变细胞率(不含ctg及csg,AC%)、结构畸变细胞率(含ctg及csg,ACG%)、多畸变细胞率(不含ctg及csg,MAC%)及多倍体细胞率(PC%)。结果 本研究所用CP和COL对动物体质量无明显影响,给药剂量和给药频率可行。与各小组内的溶媒对照组相比,所有CP给药组的AC%、AGC%和MAC%均显著性升高(P<0.01),且给药剂量高时染色体损伤更为严重;CP18 h-COL4h组的AC%、ACG%和MAC%均低于CP18 h-COL2h组,并存在显著性差异(P<0.05),提示使用高剂量的COL(10 mg/kg)可产生额外的染色体损伤。溶媒对照组中的结构性畸变类型绝大多数为裂隙,而染色体单体及染色体断裂是CP引起的最主要畸变类型。结论 开展ICR小鼠染色体畸变试验时,在CP给药后约18 h、COL给药后4 h取材较为理想。本研究通过对试验条件的摸索不但积累了背景数据,也为相关研究者提供借鉴。     

枸杞叶总黄酮抗抑郁作用初步研究

研究枸杞叶总黄酮的抗抑郁作用及可能机制,为其作为抗抑郁药物的应用提供药理学参考.用小鼠强迫游泳和悬尾实验观察枸杞叶总黄酮对小鼠行为绝望模型的抗抑郁作用,通过旷场实验考察枸杞叶总黄酮对小鼠自主活动的影响;并用SOD和MDA检测试剂盒检测小鼠血清和脑组织的SOD活力、MDA的质量含量.结果表明,连续灌胃给药14d,枸杞叶总黄酮高(300mg/kg)、中(100mg/kg)、低(30mg/kg)剂量均能明显缩短强迫游泳实验中小鼠的不动时间,枸杞叶总黄酮高、中剂量能明显缩短悬尾实验中小鼠的不动时间,枸杞叶总黄酮各剂量对小鼠自主活动均没有显著影响;枸杞叶总黄酮高、中剂量能有效提高血液和脑组织的SOD活力、降低MDA的质量含量.枸杞叶总黄酮具有抗抑郁作用,作用机制可能与其提高脑组织SOD活力、降低MDA的质量含量有关.     

地西泮和戊巴比妥钠联合使用对小鼠麻醉的效果观察

目的通过给小鼠注射地西泮和戊巴比妥钠的方法,探讨复合麻醉对小鼠的麻醉效果。方法将ICR小鼠随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组小鼠皮下注射生理盐水(0.1mL/10g)和试验组小鼠皮下注射地西泮(1mg/kg)后,分别放入小鼠自主活动箱内,记录小鼠的自主活动次数。然后,两组小鼠均腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(50mg/kg),记录小鼠翻正反射消失时间和翻正反射恢复时间。结果注射地西泮小鼠自主活动次数显著少于生理盐水组P<0.01)。地西泮和戊巴比妥钠联合麻醉小鼠比戊巴比妥钠单独麻醉小鼠的入睡时间显著缩短P<0.01),睡眠时间显著延长(P<0.01)。结论地西泮和戊巴比妥钠联合麻醉明显提高小鼠的麻醉效果。     

玛咖灵芝片缓解小鼠体力疲劳的研究

研究玛咖灵芝片对改善小鼠体力劳动过度的疲倦状态,增加体力和身体机能的作用.本次实验采用清洁级雄性ICR小鼠作为动物模型,以体重为划分依据随机分组,包括低、中、高剂量组和阴性对照组4组.其中低、中、高剂量组分别给予剂量为0.38、0.75、2.25 g/kg·bw的玛咖灵芝片药剂进行灌胃;阴性对照组为20 mL/kg·bw的蒸馏水灌胃.每天给药1次,共给药30 d.实验期间,小鼠每日进行负重游泳实验,与此同时,使用比色法对血清中尿素、肝糖原和血乳酸的含量进行检测.比色法检测结果显示,与阴性对照组相比较,玛咖灵芝片不同剂量组的小鼠负重游泳的时间明显延长(P<0.05).另外,玛咖灵芝片不同剂量组的小鼠负重游泳后,其血浆尿素浓度均明显低于阴性对照组(P<0.05),肝脏糖原含量均显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05),血乳酸浓度均显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.05).玛咖灵芝片可通过提高肝糖原含量和阻止血乳酸堆积的方式有效改善小鼠体力劳动过度的疲倦状态,增加体力和身体机能.     

人参茎叶皂甙、人参根皂甙抗抑郁作用研究

目的观察人参茎叶皂甙和人参根甙的抗抑郁作用.方法采用大鼠强迫游泳实验的方法.结果人参茎叶皂甙和根皂甙的低剂量组(50mg/kg)和高剂量组(200mg/kg)均能明显缩短强迫游泳大鼠的不动时间.结论人参茎叶皂甙和人参根皂甙均具有明显的抗抑郁作用.     

混合稀土常乐对Wistar大鼠肾脏影响的实验研究

研究了长期口服混合稀土常乐对肾脏功能的影响.将120只雌、雄各半的Wistar大鼠平均分为对照组和2、5、20 mg/kg 3个剂量的给药组,连续以灌胃方式给药90 d,第91 d取血清,测试肌酐(碱性苦味酸法测试)、尿素氮(尿素酶电导法测试)、尿酸(终点法测试)和钙(离子选择电极法测试),用SPSS10.0软件对肌酐、尿素氮、尿素、钙的含量和尿素氮/肌酐比值进行one-way ANOVA方差分析.研究结果显示:①尿素含量:雌、雄两性大鼠差异均不显著(P>0.05).②尿素氮含量:雄性大鼠,2 mg/kg组的含量比对照组极显著增多,而20 mg/kg组比对照组极显著降低(P<0.01);雌性大鼠,5 mg/kg和20 mg/kg组均比对照组极显著降低(P<0.01),同时,2 mg/kg组雌性大鼠比雄性大鼠的含量显著降低(P<0.05).③肌酐含量:雌性大鼠和雄性大鼠与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05).④钙含量:雄性大鼠各剂量组均比对照组极显著增多(P<0.01),雌性大鼠2 mg/kg组比对照组含量显著性增多(P<0.05).⑤BUN/CRE比值:雌、雄性大鼠在5 mg/kg和20 mg/kg组均比对照组极显著降低(P<0.01),2 mg/kg组的雌性大鼠比同剂量组的雄性大鼠极显著性降低(P<0.01).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.