三乙醇胺与硫酸钠复合对粉煤灰-水泥体系性能与结构的影响

探讨三乙醇胺与硫酸钠复合对粉煤灰-水泥体系的抗压强度、凝结时间等性能与结构的影响.结果表明:将适量的硫酸钠与三乙醇胺复合掺入可以不同程度地提高粉煤灰-水泥早期与后期的抗压强度、缩短凝结时间,其水化产物中C-S-H凝胶与钙矾石晶体含量较多;粉煤灰-水泥早期与后期的抗压强度随着粉磨时间的增加均有所增加但增幅下降,其凝结时间随着粉磨时间的增加有所缩短;复合掺入后早期与后期的抗压强度均高于单掺,而其凝结时间短于单掺;当复合掺入量为三乙醇胺0.03%、硫酸钠2%、粉磨时间为15min时,粉煤灰-水泥早期与后期的抗压强度均为最高.     

氯化钠对粉煤灰水泥性能与水化程度的影响

探讨氯化钠对粉煤灰水泥不同阶段性能与水化程度的影响. 结果表明： 掺入适量的氯化钠可以不同程度地提高粉煤灰水泥不同龄期的水化程度与抗压强度而缩短其凝结时间; 当氯化钠掺量一定时, 随着粉磨时间的延长, 粉煤灰水泥不同龄期的水化程度与抗压强度均有不同程度的提高但增幅下降. 随着氯化钠掺量的增加, 粉煤灰水泥不同龄期的水化程度与抗压强度均先增加后下降, 但其凝结时间却先缩短后增加; 当氯化钠掺量为2%, 粉磨时间为15min时各龄期的水化程度与抗压强度均达到最大值, 而粉煤灰水泥的凝结时间最短. 粉煤灰水泥水化3d的水化程度与抗压强度的增幅最大, 而水化28d的相应增幅最小.     

氯化钠对粉煤灰水泥性能与水化程度的影响

探讨氯化钠对粉煤灰水泥不同阶段性能与水化程度的影响.结果表明:掺入适量的氯化钠可以不同程度地提高粉煤灰水泥不同龄期的水化程度与抗压强度而缩短其凝结时间;当氯化钠掺量一定时,随着粉磨时间的延长,粉煤灰水泥不同龄期的水化程度与抗压强度均有不同程度的提高但增幅下降.随着氯化钠掺量的增加,粉煤灰水泥不同龄期的水化程度与抗压强度均先增加后下降,但其凝结时间却先缩短后增加;当氯化钠掺量为2%,粉磨时间为15min时各龄期的水化程度与抗压强度均达到最大值,而粉煤灰水泥的凝结时间最短.粉煤灰水泥水化3d的水化程度与抗压强度的增幅最大,而水化28d的相应增幅最小.     

利用机械力化学活化粉煤灰制备莫来石

为了探索煤化学工程中粉煤灰的高附加值利用途径,利用机械力化学效应激发粉煤灰的潜在活性.以粉煤灰与Al2O3粉末混合样品（MS）为原料,通过机械粉磨的方式进行处理,并在较低温度条件下煅烧制取莫来石.该方法制备莫来石所需的煅烧温度低（1150℃）,成品纯度高（只含莫来石相和玻璃相,其中莫来石质量分数达到92%）.当机械粉磨时间为30h时,最适宜的煅烧温度为1150℃,得到纳米莫来石的晶粒大小为35nm.针对不同粉磨时间的样品,DTA 和XRD分析均表明：机械粉磨的时间越长,样品晶格结构无序化越强,大大降低了固相反应所需的活化能,提高了MS样品的活性,有利于莫来石在低温条件下析出生成.     

粉磨对石膏粉煤灰胶结料性能的影响

采用XRD、SEM和DSC-TG等测试方法研究不同粉磨时间下石膏(β-半水石膏)-粉煤灰胶结料的流动度、凝结时间、强度、耐水性能以及粉磨对胶结料水化的影响.结果表明:粉磨增大了石膏粉煤灰胶结料的比表面积,降低了胶结料的流动度,缩短了凝结时间;粉磨对胶结料3 d干/湿强度和软化系数的改善效果并不明显,但可大幅提高胶结料2...     

颗粒组成和分布对大掺量粉煤灰水泥性能的影响

中国是粉煤灰资源大国,粉煤灰综合利用率低,在水泥中粉煤灰的掺加量低于40%。研究粉煤灰掺加量大于50%的粉煤灰水泥技术已引起学术界和工程界的密切关注。将粉煤灰直接大量掺入水泥会导致水泥早期强度的降低和凝结时间的延长。本文研究的大掺量粉煤灰水泥,在水泥原材料中加入3%的晶核素,通过晶核诱导作用,使粉煤灰中的硅、铝氧化物迅速生长成稳定的水化矿物相,提高了粉煤灰水泥的早期强度,解决了大掺量粉煤灰水泥早期强度低的问题。粉煤灰的掺加量为50%和60%时,大掺量粉煤灰水泥达到了GB175-2007通用水泥标准的32.5#粉煤灰水泥性能指标要求。在此基础上,通过改变粉磨时间和粉煤灰掺加量,得到若干组不同的粉煤灰水泥试样,采用灰色关联分析研究方法,研究了颗粒组成及分布对大掺量粉煤灰水泥性能的影响。从而进一步研究颗粒级配和水泥性能之间的关系,并通过改变粉煤灰水泥的颗粒级配及组成来达到改善水泥性能的目的。结果表明：对同一配比的粉煤灰水泥,当粉磨时间改变后,影响水泥强度性能的颗粒区间会发生变化;不同配比的粉煤灰水泥,当粉磨时间不同时,其有效作用区间颗粒也有较大的差别,对不同龄期的抗压强度和抗折强度起作用的区间颗粒也不完全相同。     

脱硫石膏粉煤灰地聚合物抗压强度和反应机理

经钠水玻璃激发固体废弃物脱硫石膏和粉煤灰,成功研制了脱硫石膏-粉煤灰地聚合物,研究了该地聚合物的抗压强度,并采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法研究了其反应机理.研究表明:经800℃焙烧1h后的脱硫石膏结构松弛、缺陷多、活性大,以10%掺量取代粉煤灰,经钠水玻璃激发形成的地聚合物,在75℃养护8h或在23℃养护至28d,抗压强度均可达37.0 MPa.此反应体系中,碱激发与硫酸盐激发作用共存,地聚合反应与水化反应同时进行,生成了地聚合物凝胶、类沸石以及钙矾石等反应产物.脱硫石膏-粉煤灰地聚合物的成功研制,为实现多种工业废弃物的共处置利用,尤其是含硅铝相的工业废弃物和含硫酸钙的工业废弃物的共处置打下了理论基础.     

水泥—粉煤灰和水泥—硅粉浆体的XRD及SEM研究

本文应用XRD和SEM现代测试手段对粉煤灰和硅粉分别在水泥-粉煤灰和水泥-硅粉水化系统中的行为进行了研究.分别以水化1天、3天、7天、28天和90天的图形和照片,比较系统地显示了粉煤灰和硅粉不同的水化活性以及硬化浆体中各主要反应物和产物相的演变动力学.     

粉煤灰基矿质聚合物的制备研究

以粉煤灰、偏高岭土为主要铝硅原料,辅以矿山尾矿固体废弃物合成一系列的矿质聚合物.通过测定其抗压强度优选出偏高岭土、粉煤灰、矿渣的最佳配比为3:3 : 5,碱激发剂浓度在15%时,矿质聚合物的强度最高,达到36.36 MPa.XRD、SEM分析表明其结构主要是无定形态,并且形成了连续的胶凝相.     

粉煤灰-矿渣地聚合物泡沫混凝土的性能研究

采用粉煤灰、矿渣和碱激发剂等作为原料制备地聚合物泡沫混凝土.考察粉矿比、Na2O添加量对泡沫混凝土抗压强度和导热系数的影响.当粉矿比例增加时,抗压强度减小,导热系数增大;当Na2O添加量从4％开始增加时,抗压强度先增后降,导热系数增大,Na2O添加量为6％时,抗压强度最高.当粉矿比为3:7,Na2O的添加量为6％时,粉煤灰-矿渣地聚合物泡沫混凝土的综合性能最佳.     

热活化污泥—高钙粉煤灰复合地聚合物的性能与机理研究

研究采用水玻璃激发的高钙粉煤灰和热活化污泥制备复合地聚合物的可行性,并讨论制备的复合地聚合物的性能与机理.结果表明:经900℃焙烧1h的污泥(<45μm)以10%质量分数的掺量取代高钙粉煤灰后研制成的地聚合物具有较好的抗压强度;在复合地聚合物体系中,无定形地聚合物凝胶包裹在球状粉煤灰颗粒周围,有类沸石矿物生成,出现Al—O/Si—O对称伸缩峰及Si—O—Si/Si—O—Al弯曲振动峰.这一研究可以丰富地聚合物原材料的选择,有助于含硅铝相和含钙工业废弃物的资源化利用.     

粉煤灰基矿物聚合材料的抗压强度和微观结构

以粉煤灰为硅铝原料,钠水玻璃为激发剂,在80℃下干燥养护6 h制备了矿物聚合材料。研究了钠水玻璃固相组成对试件抗压强度的影响,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、27Al和29Si魔角自旋核磁共振方法分析了最优试件的物相组成、微观形貌和微观结构。结果表明,模数为1.5、Na2O掺量为10%(质量分数)的钠水玻璃激发粉煤灰制得的试件抗压强度约为18 MPa;SEM分析表明凝胶由纳米级颗粒组成,颗粒之间相互连接形成致密的空间网络;XRD和MAS-NMR分析表明矿物聚合材料具有一定的无定形状态,漫射峰对应的衍射角在25°～35°范围内,Al主要以四配位的AlQ4(4Si)结构单元存在,Si主要以Q4(2Al)和Q4(3Al)结构单元存在。     

Effect of chemical admixtures on properties of high-calcium fly ash geopolymer

Owing to the high viscosity of sodium silicate solution, fly ash geopolymer has the problems of low workability and rapid setting time. Therefore, the effect of chemical admixtures on the properties of fly ash geopolymer was studied to overcome the rapid set of the geopolymer in this paper. High-calcium fly ash and alkaline solution were used as starting materials to synthesize the geopolymer. Calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and sucrose at dosages of 1wt% and 2wt% of fly ash were selected as admixtures based on concrete knowledge to improve the properties of the geopolymer. The setting time, compressive strength, and degree of reaction were recorded, and the microstructure was examined. The results show that calcium chloride significantly shortens both the initial and final setting times of the geopolymer paste. In addition, sucrose also delays the final setting time significantly. The degrees of reaction of fly ash in the geopolymer paste with the admixtures are all higher than those of the control paste. This contributes to the obvious increases in compressive strength.     

再生骨料对高钙粉煤灰基地聚物混凝土力学及耐久性能的影响

试验分别采用再生骨料和天然骨料作为粗骨料,制备了碱激发高钙粉煤灰基地聚物再生骨料混凝土和地聚物天然骨料混凝土。测试了其密度、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、吸水率、渗透孔隙率、氯离子渗透深度及抗硫酸侵蚀等指标,探讨比较了再生骨料与天然骨料高钙粉煤灰基地聚物混凝土物理力学性能和耐久性的差异;并进一步分析了不同NaOH溶液浓度(6 mol·L~(-1)、12 mol·L~(-1)和18 mol·L~(-1))对其相关性能的影响。结果表明:再生骨料可以用作粗骨料制备高钙粉煤灰基地聚物混凝土,其抗压强度在30.64~38.22 MPa之间,略低于天然骨料制备的地聚物混凝土。随着NaOH溶液浓度的增加,粉煤灰基地聚物混凝土的力学性能及耐久性能均显著改善,且当NaOH浓度为12 mol·L~(-1)时,其各项性能综合较优。     

低掺量粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料性能试验研究

为了研究粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料的组成对其性能的影响,对C类粉煤灰分别掺入少量（质量分数小于17%）偏高岭土和矿渣粉后,进行了两种地聚物胶砂试块的力学性能试验研究,并与相同配比、相同制作养护条件下的普通硅酸盐水泥胶砂试块进行了比较.试验结果表明：纯粉煤灰（C类）地聚物胶凝材料强度低于P.O 42.5水泥;当外掺料质量分数大于17%时,粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料强度超过同龄期（14 d）的水泥;掺入矿渣粉的粉煤灰基地聚物抗压强度高于掺入等量偏高岭土的粉煤灰基地聚物.     

粉煤灰基地聚合物砂浆组成设计与性能研究

以粉煤灰为主要原材料,矿粉为添加剂,水玻璃和氢氧化钠为复合激发剂,标准砂为细集料,制备地聚合物砂浆。运用三维图与等值线作图分析的方法,探究水胶比与胶砂比这两个组成设计参数对粉煤灰基地聚合物砂浆的流动度、抗压强度、抗折强度的影响规律。试验结果表明水胶比与胶砂比均对粉煤灰基地聚合物砂浆流动度与力学强度影响较大。水胶比在0.4~0.42,胶砂比在0.45~0.5时,制备出的地聚合物砂浆工作性能和力学性能较优。基于地聚合物砂浆脆性较大的特点,应用长度为8 mm与12 mm的PVA纤维进行增韧改性。结果表明,掺量为0.5%的PVA纤维对地聚合物砂浆抗压强度影响不大,但是抗折强度显著提高,延性增强,因此压折比下降,弯曲韧性增强。     

Thermal treatment and utilization of Al-rich waste in high calcium fly ash geopolymeric materials

The Al-rich waste with aluminium and hydrocarbon as the major contaminant is generated at the wastewater treatment unit of a polymer processing plant. In this research, the heat treatment of this Al-rich waste and its use to adjust the silica/alumina ratio of the high calcium fly ash geopolymer were studied. To recycle the raw Al-rich waste, the waste was dried at 110℃ and calcined at 400 to 1000℃. Mineralogical analyses were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the phase change. The increase in calcination temperature to 600, 800, and 1000℃ resulted in the phase transformation. The more active alumina phase of active θ-Al₂O₃ was obtained with the increase in calcination temperature. The calcined Al-rich waste was then used as an additive to the fly ash geopolymer by mixing with high calcium fly ash, water glass, 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sand. Test results indicated that the calcined Al-rich waste could be used as an aluminium source to adjust the silica/alumina ratio and the strength of geopolymeric materials. The fly ash geopolymer mortar with 2.5wt% of the Al-rich waste calcined at 1000℃ possessed the 7-d compressive strength of 34.2 MPa.     

Microstructure and properties of mullite-based porous ceramics produced from coal fly ash with added Al_2O_3

Using coal fly ash slurry samples supplemented with different amounts of Al_2O_3,we fabricated mullite-based porous ceramics via a dipping-polymer-replica approach,which is a popular method suitable for industrial application.The microstructure,phase composition,and compressive strength of the sintered samples were investigated.Mullite was identified in all of the prepared materials by X-ray diffraction analysis.The microstructure and compressive strength were strongly influenced by the content of Al_2O_3.As the Al/Si mole ratio in the starting materials was increased from 0.84 to 2.40,the amount of amorphous phases in the sintered microstructure decreased and the compressive strength of the sintered samples increased.A further increase in the Al_2O_3 content resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength of the sintered samples.The mullite-based porous ceramic with an Al/Si molar ratio of 2.40 exhibited the highest compressive strength and the greatest shrinkage among the investigated samples prepared using coal fly ash as the main starting material.     

Fabrication and properties of foam geopolymer using circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash

In recent years, circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash (CFA) is used as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide was employed as a foaming agent to prepare CFA-based foam geopolymer. The particle distribution, mineral composition, and chemical composition of CFA were examined firstly. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The CFA-based foam geopolymer was successfully fabricated with different contents of hydrogen peroxide and exhibited uncompleted alkali reaction and reasonable strength with relative low atomic ratios of Si/Al and Si/Na. Type-C CFA in this research could be recycled as an alternative source material for geopolymer production.