基于节点通信监听机制的高效感知消息传输机会网络路由研究

针对采用社区划分策略的机会网络路由算法在消息传输过程中存在冗余转发的问题,设计节点通信监听机制,构建了新的消息传输策略,以高效感知邻居节点社区属性信息;并充分考虑携带移动设备的人的移动轨迹特点,设计了社区移动模型;嵌入时间片轮回机制,对网络节点进行动态划分社区;最终提出了基于节点通信监听机制的高效感知消息分发机会网络路由算法。在社区内转发消息时,选取与目的节点通信范围重叠区域内的邻居节点作为下一跳,若不存在这样的节点则将消息转发给与目的节点相遇概率较大的邻居节点或目的节点;在社区间转发消息时,算法选取与目的社区通信概率较大的中继社区节点转发消息,通过充分利用通信重叠区域内的节点转发消息,优化转发节点判定机制,重设消息传输条件,降低消息转发次数,从而提高消息传输成功率,降低传输时延。理论分析和仿真结果显示:与当前机会路由算法相比,新算法的传输成功率以及转发效率更高、平均端到端时延与平均存储时间更低。     

移动IP路由优化实现及性能分析

为解决在标准移动IP中存在“三角路由”和切换期间通信时延两个问题,在网路仿真器中实现了移动IP的路由优化(ROMIP)扩展以及平滑切换机制,并在网络仿真器原有标准移动IP框架的基础之上,引入了绑定警告、绑定更新、绑定请求和绑定确认等绑定缓存管理消息.同时,使用后向型平滑切换机制来降低切换时延.仿真结果表明,较于标准的移动IP协议,ROMIP明显地提高了数据带宽,降低了通信对端节点与移动节点之间分组发送的端到端时延.由于平滑切换机制的实现,通信切换时延降低了50%以上.此外,该方法具有对硬件的透明性和在软件实现上的简易性,因而为移动IP网络的实时通信提供了一种有参考价值的实现方法.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的认知无线网络路由算法

针对认知无线网络中频谱的动态性及节点移动性,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波的认知无线网络路由算法,以提高链路的稳定性.该算法综合考虑主用户的频谱空闲概率与节点间的距离,兼顾端到端传输时延,对路由尺度进行设计,选择稳定度较高的路径进行通信;在路由维护阶段,通过卡尔曼滤波对节点移动速度进行预测,在链路断裂之前启动路由修复.最后通过NS2进行仿真,结果表明该算法在链路通信的稳定性、分组投递率、吞吐量等方面有明显的改善,提高了网络的整体性能.     

适用于语音业务的MANET机会路由机制

传统路由机制需要在源和目的节点之间预先建立端到端路径,当链路质量较差时,频繁地建立路径会影响业务的服务质量。为支持实时语音业务,提出一种机会路由机制,该机制并不预先建立连接,而利用多个路由请求和路由应答消息建立转发列表,表中的节点利用与其他节点的相遇机会对数据包进行转发,并根据转发节点的优先级对转发数据包的数量进行限制。仿真结果表明:机会路由机制能够减小语音业务的端到端时延,提高分组投递率,可以在不稳定的信道为语音业务提供服务质量保证。     

典型AdHoc网络路由协议的仿真与分析

移动Ad Hoc网络是移动节点动态临时组建的自组织的网络,它不需要任何基础设施,相距较远的节点间的通信需要中间节点的转发.目前已经实现了多种网络协议,目的序列距离矢量路由(DSDV)、源动态路由(DSR)、Ad Hoc按需距离矢量路由(AODV)等.首先介绍了DSDV、DSR、AODV 3种路由协议,并用NS2(网络模拟器)对它们的网络性能指标端到端时延、数据包传送率和路由开销性能进行了仿真,并对实验结果进行了分析说明.     

一种基于嵌套网络的新型路由优化策略

随着无线技术的迅速发展以及移动数字设备数量的迅速增加,移动性已经成为因特网的重要元素.因特网工程任务组设计的用于提供网络移动性的网络移动性基础支持协议,由于其非最优的路由以及冗长的封装过程,往往会产生相当长的传输延迟以及严重过长的大分组,因此在嵌套移动网络中并不能得到低延迟的切换.为了解决网络移动性基础支持协议在嵌套网络中的高延迟问题,该文提出了一种用于嵌套网络的路由优化机制.该机制基于带有绑定更新树的分层结构,使用绑定更新缩短从移动路由到通信节点或移动网络节点之间的通信延迟;在移动网络内部,使用在分组头部增加家乡地址选择段的方法,降低了顶层移动路由的寻路延迟.仿真结果表明该路由优化策略相对基础支持协议可大大降低嵌套网络中的分组延迟,从而降低了分组开销和切换延迟,达到了最优路由.     

基于链路可用时间的认知无线网络路由算法

文章针对认知无线网络路由性能易受认知节点移动、主用户干扰、节点剩余能量影响的问题,提出一种基于链路可用时间的路由算法。该算法对节点间的链路可用时间进行预测,自适应地选取重路由操作少、可用时间长的路径进行通信。仿真实验表明,该算法能简化网络的拓扑,提高认知无线网络的吞吐量,降低网络的传输时延。     

无线移动Ad Hoc网络的路由技术研究

无线移动Ad Hoc网络(MANET)作为可移动分布式多跳无线网络，没有预先确定的网络拓扑或网络基础设施以及集中控制。为了在如此的网络中促进通信，路由技术主要用于在节点之间发现路径。AdHoc网络路由协议的主要目的是在网络拓扑的动态变化下任意两个节点之间建立一个使得通信总费用和带宽耗费最少的正确和有效的通信路径。本文论述无线Ad Hoc网络的特性、问题和技术，并通过不同的标准对存在的一些路由协议进行分类和比较。     

一种基于QoS的移动无线激光通信网络路由算法

对无线光通信网络的研究现存大都集中在拓扑控制方面,对路由技术的研究较少．马里兰大学的Abh-ishek Kashyap等提出了针对无线光通信网络中拓扑控制与路由的Rollout算法,算法适合网络节点固定或移动频率不高的网络环境．该文引入了全球定位系统（GPS）来获取无线激光通信网络中移动节点的地理位置,设计了一种节点的邻接矩阵来动态更新网络巾节点的拓扑,考虑到移动无线光通信网络中节点的快速移动、链路带宽、最短路经以及节点收发器数目的限制,提出了一种服务质量（QoS）路由算法．仿真结果表明,该算法的性能较好,能更好地适应节点快速移动的无线激光通信网络．     

移动Ad Hoc网络中增强下一跳节点选择的路由机制

Ad Hoc网络是一种能够支持多跳的临时性计算机通信网络,它由一组带有无线收发设备的移动节点组成,其移动性可导致拓扑的动态变化,会对路由的稳定性乃至网络整体性能产生重要影响.基于对泛洪算法限制策略的研究,提出了一种适用于Ad Hoc网络的增强下一跳路由节点的选择算法.仿真实验表明,采用该路由算法连接建立网络链路时,其路径最短、经过的跳数最少,同时提高了网络的分组投递率,降低了端到端的延迟,减少了路由开销,加强了链路的安全性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the