过氧化氢对拟南芥生长素信号传导相关蛋白的影响

本论文通过添加外源过氧化氢来探究其对植物生长素信号的影响。以GUS基因作为报告基因,研究拟南芥中各生长素相关蛋白(生长素含量标志蛋白DR5、输入蛋白AUX1、输出蛋白PIN1和PIN2)对过氧化氢的响应。结果表明过氧化氢处理后拟南芥呈植株变小、根变短和不定根数目增多的表型;与对照相比,GUS染色后各生长素相关蛋白的表达下降,这表明过氧化氢对植物生长素的合成与运输起一定的抑制作用。在过氧化氢处理的基础上,添加抗氧化物质发现植株表型有明显的恢复,GUS染色也表明相关蛋白的表达量均增加;另外,0.0001 ?mol/L的外源IAA也能恢复过氧化氢处理后拟南芥的表型和生长素相关蛋白的表达。综上所述,过氧化氢主要通过抑制植物体内的生长素信号来调控植物的生长发育。     

脱落酸对水稻根系生长素合成与运输的调控

利用一系列不同浓度的脱落酸(ABA)处理水稻幼苗根系,观察水稻初生根根长、冠根数目、侧根数目及长度、DR5::GUS转基因材料GUS活性、生长素的合成及运输相关基因表达水平等变化.结果表明,ABA可以抑制水稻初生根的伸长、冠根和侧根的发生和伸长,并且抑制效应呈现剂量效应.DR5::GUS活性在整个根系中随ABA处理浓度升高而减弱,但根尖部位的DR5::GUS活性经过ABA处理后表现增强;生长素合成相关基因YUCCA2、YUCCA4、YUCCA7,生长素运输载体基因AUX3、AUX5、PiN1b、PiN2、PiN5a、PiN9、PiN10a均显著下降表达.     

Identification of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis by cDNA array

The plant hormone auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. But the mechanism of its action is quite unclear. In order to identify and analyze the expression of auxin responsive genes, a cDNA array approach was used to screen for genes with altered expression from Arabidopsis suspension culture after IAA treatment and was identified 50 differentially expressed genes from 13824 cDNA clones. These genes were related to signal transduction, stress responses, senescence, photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis and transportation. The results provide the molecular evidence that auxin influences a variety of physiological processes and pave a way for further investigation of the mechanism of auxin action. Furthermore,we found that the expression of a ClpC (regulation subunit of Clp protease) was repressed by exogenous auxin, but increased in dark-induced senescing leaves. This suggests that ClpC may be a senescence-associated gene and can be regulated by auxin.     

OsNAC2转录因子介导生长素代谢通路调节水稻早期根的发育

NAC家族是植物特有的一类转录因子,在植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫等方面具有重要的功能.研究发现,OsNAC2基因的过表达(ON11)和RNAi(RNAi31)转基因株系,早期主根的长度有显著变化的特征.与野生型日本晴水稻(WT)相比,ON11植株的主根变短,而RNAi31的主根变长.通过对早期OsNAC2pro∶∶GUS株系根尖染色结果表明OsNAC2在根尖具有时序性表达.不同激素诱导OsNAC2表达谱和OsNAC2pro∶∶GUS株系对激素响应结果显示OsNAC2受生长素显著性诱导.结合芯片数据和qRT-PCR分析,OsNAC2转基因株系中生长素合成代谢及信号通路相关基因表达量变化较为明显.同时,ON11根尖淀粉粒发育及其向重力性受到抑制.因此,推测OsNAC2可能通过抑制生长素的合成代谢及信号通路相关基因的表达,降低生长素含量,并参与生长素响应通路,最终影响水稻根的生长.     

AtSNX1 defines an endosome for auxin-carrier trafficking in Arabidopsis

Polarized cellular distribution of the phytohormone auxin and its carriers is essential for normal plant growth and development. Polar auxin transport is maintained by a network of auxin influx (AUX) and efflux (PIN) carriers. Both auxin transport and PIN protein cycling between the plasma membrane and endosomes require the activity of the endosomal GNOM; however, intracellular routes taken by these carriers remain largely unknown. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana SORTING NEXIN 1 (AtSNX1) is involved in the auxin pathway and that PIN2, but not PIN1 or AUX1, is transported through AtSNX1-containing endosomes. We demonstrate that the snx1-null mutant exhibits multiple auxin-related defects and that loss of function of AtSNX1 severely enhances the phenotype of a weak gnom mutant. In root cells, we further show that AtSNX1 localizes to an endosomal compartment distinct from GNOM-containing endosomes, and that PIN2 accumulates in this compartment after treatment with the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase inhibitor wortmannin or after a gravity stimulus. Our data reveal the existence of a novel endosomal compartment involved in PIN2 endocytic sorting and plant development.     

拟南芥PIN2介导的生长素极性运输调控植物根向地性

主要观察了拟南芥生长素输出载体PIN2及其介导的极性运输、生长素诱导合成对根尖生长素不对称分布和根向地性反应的影响.结果表明:拟南芥PIN2基因突变、诱导内源生长素IAA及用抑制剂NPA或TIBA抑制生长素极性运输都严重影响了根尖生长素不对称分布的形成,最终抑制植物根向地性反应,暗示PIN2介导的生长素极性运输和生长素不对称分布在根向地性反应中起着关键性调控作用.从这些研究结果可进一步理解生长素调控植物根向地性的分子机理.     

F-box基因FOF2在拟南芥盐和冷胁迫响应中的功能分析

FOF2为F-box蛋白家族成员,其生物学功能尚不清楚.采用实时荧光定量PCR和生理学实验相结合的方法,对FOF2基因的表达模式及其在拟南芥抗盐和冷胁迫响应中的作用进行了分析.研究发现,FOF2在拟南芥根、茎生叶和果荚中表达较高,并且其表达受盐和冷胁迫诱导.FOF2过表达株系对盐胁迫敏感,与野生型相比种子萌发率低、幼苗主根较短;相反,fof2突变体对盐胁迫的敏感性则减弱.FOF2过表达和缺失突变体种子萌发对冷胁迫无响应,但其主根在冷处理中分别比野生型短或者长.盐处理下,FOF2过表达株系中盐胁迫反应相关基因的表达量显著降低,fof2突变体中则升高;冷处理下,FOF2过表达株系中冷胁迫反应相关基因的表达量显著升高,fof2突变体中则降低.结果表明,FOF2在植物抗盐胁迫响应中起负调控作用,在抗冷胁迫响应中则可能起正调控作用.     

Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in Arabidopsis

Long-standing models propose that plant growth responses to light or gravity are mediated by asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin. Physiological studies implicated a specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth; however, neither the molecular components of this system nor the cellular mechanism of auxin redistribution on light or gravity perception have been identified. Here, we show that auxin accumulates asymmetrically during differential growth in an efflux-dependent manner. Mutations in the Arabidopsis gene PIN3, a regulator of auxin efflux, alter differential growth. PIN3 is expressed in gravity-sensing tissues, with PIN3 protein accumulating predominantly at the lateral cell surface. PIN3 localizes to the plasma membrane and to vesicles that cycle in an actin-dependent manner. In the root columella, PIN3 is positioned symmetrically at the plasma membrane but rapidly relocalizes laterally on gravity stimulation. Our data indicate that PIN3 is a component of the lateral auxin transport system regulating tropic growth. In addition, actin-dependent relocalization of PIN3 in response to gravity provides a mechanism for redirecting auxin flux to trigger asymmetric growth.     

SHATTERPROOF MADS-box genes control seed dispersal in Arabidopsis

The fruit, which mediates the maturation and dispersal of seeds, is a complex structure unique to flowering plants. Seed dispersal in plants such as Arabidopsis occurs by a process called fruit dehiscence, or pod shatter. Few studies have focused on identifying genes that regulate this process, in spite of the agronomic value of controlling seed dispersal in crop plants such as canola. Here we show that the closely related SHATTERPROOF (SHP1) and SHATTERPROOF2 (SHP2) MADS-box genes are required for fruit dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Moreover, SHP1 and SHP2 are functionally redundant, as neither single mutant displays a novel phenotype. Our studies of shp1 shp2 fruit, and of plants constitutively expressing SHP1 and SHP2, show that these two genes control dehiscence zone differentiation and promote the lignification of adjacent cells. Our results indicate that further analysis of the molecular events underlying fruit dehiscence may allow genetic manipulation of pod shatter in crop plants.