磁流变阻尼半主动隔振的钢弹簧浮置板轨道动力响应分析

为了提高钢弹簧浮置板轨道的低频减振效率,借鉴磁流变阻尼半主动控制技术,建立车辆-磁流变阻尼半主动隔振钢弹簧浮置板轨道的垂向耦合动力学模型与磁流变阻尼地棚半主动开-关(on-off)控制的数值模拟方法,并仿真分析磁流变阻尼半主动隔振浮置板轨道的非线性动力响应特征。研究结果表明:磁流变阻尼力能够提高浮置板轨道垂向变形的安全余量,但是过大的磁流变阻尼力易引起钢轨出现上拱现象;磁流变阻尼半主动隔振能够重新调整浮置板轨道下部振动能量的频域分布,既能有效分担浮置板轨道下部1~16 Hz的低频振动能量,也能将人体敏感频率(4~8 Hz)的能量转变为极低频的能量(低于1 Hz)向外传播;应用磁流变阻尼后,增大了浮置板轨道支承刚度的下调余量,可进一步提高浮置板轨道的隔振效率。     

改进bang-bang控制的磁流变阻尼钢弹簧浮置板轨道基频的减振效果

为了应用磁流变阻尼器解决钢弹簧浮置板轨道基频振动放大的问题,首先应用修正的Dahl模型表征磁流变阻尼器的非线性动力响应,其次建立磁流变阻尼器隔振钢弹簧浮置板轨道模型,并结合改进的bang-bang控制算法,仿真分析地铁车辆-轨道-磁流变阻尼器隔振钢弹簧浮置板轨道垂向耦合系统的动力响应特征。研究结果表明:1)磁流变阻尼器对钢轨和浮置板道床的最大位移基本无影响,但可有效减小列车到来和离开时刻钢轨和浮置板道床的振动位移;2)磁流变阻尼器能够显著降低钢弹簧浮置板轨道基频处支点反力幅值,但在中高频范围内幅值会被放大;3)运用改进bang-bang控制算法后,磁流变阻尼器不仅可有效减小基频处支点反力幅值,同时还可解决中高频范围内支点反力放大的问题;4)运用改进bang-bang控制算法后,磁流变阻尼器可减小浮置板轨道2.5 Hz以上范围内的垂向振动加速度振级。     

钢弹簧浮置板轨道的随机振动分析及参数优化

通过构建车辆-钢弹簧浮置板轨道垂向耦合模型,计算分析了扣件(隔振器)刚度和阻尼对钢弹簧浮置板轨道频域随机振动的影响规律,为钢弹簧浮置板轨道关键设计参数的合理选择与组合优化提供理论依据.研究结果表明:a.在钢弹簧浮置板轨道垂向位移满足规范要求的前提下,尽可能降低扣件与隔振器刚度;b.扣件阻尼增大能够降低浮置板轨道及其下方基础20~65 Hz的中高频振动,但同时会放大其80 Hz以上的高频振动,建议扣件阻尼系数的取值范围为50~100kN/(m·s~(-1));c.隔振器阻尼增大可略微降低浮置板轨道基础5~16Hz的中低频振动,但同时会显著放大其20Hz以上的中高频振动,建议隔振器阻尼系数应控制在55~75kN/(m·s~(-1))范围内.     

基于磁流变技术的地铁轨道垂向振动研究与ANSYS仿真分析

针对刚度和阻尼可以调整的磁流变隔振器在地铁轨道的垂向隔振性能进行了研究?分析了如何调整磁流变隔振器的刚度和阻尼实现优化地铁浮置板轨道减震?隔振效果?在ANSYS里建立地铁列车水平运动的垂向振动等效模型进行力学分析?通过调节刚度和阻尼观察地铁轨道等效模型的减震?隔振效果的变化,得到提高轨道的减震?隔振性能刚度和阻尼的优化范围,从而实现比传统被动隔振器更理想的振动特性?     

基于振动响应的浮置板轨道钢弹簧失效影响及检测方法

为了研究钢弹簧失效对装配式浮置板轨道动力性能的影响,并有效检测钢弹簧在线路运营过程中的服役情况,基于深圳地铁某线钢弹簧浮置板轨道结构,利用ABAQUS软件建立了含有钢弹簧失效的车辆-浮置板轨道垂向耦合动力学有限元模型,探究了单个及组合钢弹簧失效对浮置板轨道动态性能的影响,并提出了基于振动传递率函数和奇异值熵理论的钢弹簧失效检测方法。研究结果表明：车辆垂向加速度对单个或多个钢弹簧失效的敏感度较低;相较跨中位置,浮置板端部发生单个钢弹簧失效对轨道结构的振动响应影响更大;当多个钢弹簧失效时,钢轨和浮置板最大垂向位移较单个钢弹簧失效显著增大,且全部超过相关限值,这将对浮置板轨道结构的稳定性产生较大影响;在钢弹簧失效后,检测点之间振动传递率的最大值及平均值相比于失效前有所减小,并且失效前后的奇异值熵也发生明显变化。本文通过提取各测点垂向加速度响应,结合振动传递率函数的最值、均值及奇异值熵指标的检测方法能较好地反映钢弹簧的失效情况,以期为今后钢弹簧损伤检测的工程应用提供理论指导。     

基于有限元法的钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振性能分析及优化

在不影响减振效果的前提下减少浮置板钢弹簧的使用量,以降低浮置板轨道建设成本,根据实际工程施工图纸,构建钢弹簧浮置板轨道的有限元模型,对钢弹簧浮置板轨道在不同弹簧刚度、布置方式及载荷下浮置板轨道的模态频率和竖向位移进行了分析;同时以南方某市实际运行地铁轨道为优化目标,优化钢弹簧的使用数量、布置及钢弹簧参数,并通过数值仿真进行验证。结果表明:选择弹簧刚度8.5 kN/mm可将25 m浮置板轨道钢弹簧使用量降低至32个,固有频率小于10 Hz,可以获得较好的减振效果。     

一种纵向垂向二维振动集成半主动可控座椅悬架系统的试验研究

工程车辆、越野车辆等非道路车辆在行进过程中,既会产生垂向振动,也会产生纵向振动,这些振动通过座椅传递到驾乘人员。为了同时控制座椅纵向和垂向振动,文章根据可实现二维隔振的集成半主动座椅悬架系统,基于"功能集成"结构设计概念,开发了一种基于磁流变(magnetorheological, MR)阻尼器的纵向、垂向二维振动集成半主动可控座椅悬架原型系统,搭建了基于该座椅悬架系统的快速控制原型试验系统,并试验测试与分析对比了其在被动控制、模糊控制以及天棚半主动控制情况下的振动控制效果。试验结果表明:开发的座椅悬架系统能够实现纵向和垂向2个方向的半主动振动控制;模糊控制和天棚半主动控制策略能够有效提升座椅的振动控制效果,其中天棚半主动控制效果更好。     

高架钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振特性分析

分别采用有限元和现场试验方法从时频域角度对高架钢弹簧浮置板轨道结构的减振特性进行了分析.研究结果表明,减振器刚度和间距的改变对浮置板前10阶振动频率分布影响较大,减振器刚度和间距的变化是通过改变浮置板单位长度刚度来达到控制减振效果的目的,浮置板顶升后高架箱梁结构顶板、翼缘、腹板和底板的振动水平在25～100 Hz范围内分别减小11～22 dB,12～20 dB,20～30 dB和12～21dB,减振效果随减振器刚度的增大而减小,随减振器间距的增大而增大,箱梁结构的位移受减振器刚度和间距变化的影响较小;浮置板轨道在63～2 000 Hz范围对轮轨噪声具有一定的降噪效果.     

基于天棚On-Off控制的磁流变半主动悬架研究

以平行平板流动模型和Bingham模型为理论基础,推导了磁流变减振器的阻尼力计算公式. 在车辆悬架动态性能模拟试验台上对磁流变减振器的示功特性和速度特性进行了试验验证. 最后基于天棚on-off控制,利用dSPACE搭建了实车试验平台,并进行了实际越野路面的道路试验. 试验结果表明:与传统被动悬架对比,磁流变半主动悬架能够很好地抑制车身以及驾驶员座椅的低频共振峰值,降低车身垂向振动幅值,提高车辆行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性.      

汽车半主动悬架系统研究进展

基于系统工程理论，论述了汽车半主动悬架系统的研究和动态，分析了目前电/磁流变液减振液的研究及减振器开发现状。在分析了一些较为成功的半主动悬架控制策略的基础上，论述了经典控制、线性最优控制、自适应控制和智能控制方法在半主动悬架系统中的应用前景，提出了基于天棚阻尼控制理论、模糊控制理论和自适应控制理论为主线的复合控制策略。此外，提出了基于磁流变液减振器的半主动悬架系统研究与开发的整体思路，探讨了值得研究的若干理论和应用问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.