Biotransformation,byEnterobacter agglomerans,of pyrimidine acyclonucleosides to acyclonucleotides

The ability ofEnterobacter agglomerans to transform naturally occurring nucleosides into nucleotides has been utilized to transform newly synthesized pyrimidine acyclonucleosides into the corresponding acyclonucleotides. Unselected bacteria were used as the source of nucleoside phosphotransferase, the phosphate group donor being 4-nitrophenyl phosphate in the presence of Zn²⁺ ions. Optimal reaction conditions are outlined.     

A Ca2+-sensitive myosin light chain kinase, regulating pig carotid smooth muscle actomyosin ATPase

In this paper the correlation between phosphate incorporation into the regulatory light chain of myosin by a Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain kinase, and the Ca2+-sensitive ATPase activity and superprecipitation behaviour of arterial actomyosin, is described.     

Apparent inhibition of erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in subjects on large dosages of B-6

Summary An apparent inhibition of the erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase E-GOT system of Kishi and Folkers has been observed with erythrocytes from individuals on large amounts of B-6. Evidence is presented that this inhibition is an artefact due to excess pyridoxal phosphate reacting with 2,4,dinitrophenylhydrazine. Excess pyridoxal phosphate competes with pyruvic acid for the available 2,4,dinitrophenylhydrazine which results in a product that is not extractable into toluene, therefore, less chromophore is present as more pyridoxal phosphate is available.We would like to acknowledge the Tom and Marion Peters' Foundation for their support of this research.     

A Ca2+-sensitive myosin light chain kinase,regulating pig carotid smooth muscle actomyosin ATPase1

Summary In this paper the correlation between phosphate incorporation into the regulatory light chain of myosin by a Ca²⁺-dependent myosin light chain kinase, and the Ca²⁺-sensitive ATPase activity and superprecipitation behaviour of arterial actomyosin, is described.Acknowledgment. The financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 90) is gratefully acknowledged.     

The development of the Laplace Transform, 1737–1937 II. Poincaré to Doetsch, 1880–1937

An earlier paper, to which this is a sequel, traced the history of the Laplace Transform up to 1880. In that year Poincaré reinvented the transform, but did so in a more powerful context, that of properly conceived complex analysis. Rapid developments followed, culminating in Doetsch' work in which the transform took its modern shape.     

N-acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate lyases (MurNAc etherases): role in cell wall metabolism, distribution, structure, and mechanism

MurNAc etherases cleave the uniqued-lactyl ether bond of the bacterial cell wall sugar N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). Members of this newly discovered family of enzymes are widely distributed among bacteria and are required to utilize peptidoglycan fragments obtained either from the environment or from the endogenous cell wall (i.e., recycling). MurNAc etherases are strictly dependent on the substrate MurNAc possessing a free reducing end and a phosphoryl group at C6. They carry a single conserved sugar phosphate isomerase/sugar phosphate- binding (SIS) domain to which MurNAc 6-phosphate is bound. Two subunits form an enzymatically active homodimer that structurally resembles the isomerase module of the double-SIS domain protein GlmS, the glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase. Structural comparison provides insights into the two-step lyase-type reaction mechanism of MurNAc etherases: β-elimination of the D-lactic acid substituent proceeds through a 2,3-unsaturated sugar intermediate to which water is subsequently added. Received 31 August 2007; received after revision 12 October 2007; accepted 1 November 2007     

Euler's invention of integral transforms

Euler invented integral transforms in the context of second order differential equations. He used them in a fragment published in 1763 and in a chapter of Institutiones Calculi Integralis (1769). In introducing them he made use of earlier work in which a concept akin to the integral transform is implicit. It would, however, be reading too much into that earlier work to see it as contributing to the theory of the integral transform. Other work sometimes cited in this context in fact has different concerns.     

阿坝州地区退耕还林工程的现状、存在问题及对策

本文通过实地走访、问卷调查、座谈等形式，对阿坝州地区退耕还林工程的实施现状和困难进行了考察，对当地的农民收入状况进行了问卷调查并进行了分析，结果表明：阿坝州地区由于区内人地矛盾突出，实施退耕还林(还草)工程三年多以来，虽然在一定程度上造成了该地区林农、林牧、农牧关系紧张，并对当地农村经济和农民收入造成了一些冲击。迟耕还林工程的实施对以耕种为主要收入来源的农民造成了一定的负面影响，占调查总数的9％；对于那些收入渠道较多的农民影响甚报，占调查总数的66％；其余的25％的农民从事了旅游相关行业，收入大幅提高，退耕还林工程为他们带来了明显的收益。表明退耕还林工程的实施在短期内对农村经济和农民收入会造成一定的负面影响，但可以通过产业结构调整等方式帮助弥补这部分的损失。因而退耕还林工程中强调生态效应的同时，如何将长期生态效益向经济化转化是个值得研究的问题。     

Levamisole inhibits mineral mobilisation,lactate production and lysosomal enzyme release from cultured bones

Summary Levamisole added to cultured calvarial bones inhibited spontaneous bone resorption, as indicated by reduced release of calcium and inorganic phosphate to the medium. In addition, levamisole reduced lactate production and release of lysosomal enzymes.     

两级密封式斯特林可逆热机

介绍一种两级密封式斯特林可逆热机。该机按斯特林循环正向运行，将热能转变成电能；按斯特林循环逆向运行，将电能转变成热能，突破了现代斯特林发动机、斯特林制冷机都不能逆向运行的技术难关。通过两级密封技术、工质自动均衡技术、螺旋逆流换热技术的综合应用，彻底清除了斯特林热机发展的两大障碍：一是结构复杂．二是密封困难，提供一种结构简单、密封可靠、使用方便、运行平稳、节能环保、造价低廉的斯特林可逆热机，可广泛应用于发动机、制冷机、热泵等三大技术领域。尤其是在低温制冷和高温制热这两方面，较现有技术更具优势．     

Levamisole inhibits mineral mobilisation, lactate production and lysosomal enzyme release from cultured bones.

Levamisole added to cultured calvarial bones inhibited spontaneous bone resorption, as indicated by reduced release of calcium and inorganic phosphate to the medium. In addition, levamisole reduced lactate production and release of lysosomal enzymes.     

Changes in rate of methemoglobin reduction and oxygen affinity of erythrocytes incubated with inosine,pyruvate and phosphate

Summary Incubation of human erythrocytes with inosine, pyruvate and phosphate increases several fold the ferrihemoglobin reductase activity, the values of which, however, depend on the age of blood (by 6 to 2 times with respect to the normal value of fresh blood).     

Net ATP synthesis by running the red cell calcium pump backwards.

Ca2+ loaded inside-out vesicles from human red blood cells, yielding C2+ into a Ca2+ free medium with 4 mM EGTA, 2 mM ADP and 10 mM phosphate, produced an excess of 14.9 pmoles . min-1 . (mg protein)-1 of ATP compared to controls in which the transmembrane Ca2+ gradient was abolished by the ionophore A 23 187.     

Early effects of growth hormone on blood and urinary inorganic phosphorus in the rat (author's transl)]

From the kinetic study of the effects of one single growth hormone (GH) injection on the phosphate metabolism, it appears that the influence of GH on the serum phosphate level is biphasic: a decrease is followed by an increase. Conversely GH leads to an early decrease of the urinary phosphate excretion.     

Effets précoces de l'hormone de croissance sur les phosphates sériques et urinaires du rat

Summary From the kinetic study of the effects of one single growth hormone (GH) injection on the phosphate metabolism, it appears that the influence of GH on the serum phosphate level is biphasic: a decrease is followed by an increase. Conversely GH leads to an early decrease of the urinary phosphate excretion.     

Effects of isaxonine phosphate and analogs on fibroblast metabolism in culture

Human skin fibroblasts in confluent cultures were incubated for 24 h in the presence of isaxonine phosphate (Nerfactor) and several related factors. The incorporation of 14C-proline into secreted proteins and the release of collagen into the medium were inhibited. When the cells were incubated for an additional period of 24 h after thorough washing, protein and collagen syntheses were found to be identical to those of controls, demonstrating that the inhibition of protein synthesis was independent of any toxic effect. When cells were incubated in the presence of both isaxonine and colchicine, the secretion of collagen was more inhibited than by colchicine alone, and proteins accumulated in the cells.     

Peptide-mediated cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and their analogues

Improving the delivery of synthetic oligonucleotides and their analogues into cells is an important goal in the full development of antisense technology for control of gene expression in cell culture and in vivo. This review describes the harnessing of certain peptides, either as noncovalent complexes or as covalent conjugates, to enhance the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides into cells and/or to affect their cell localization. Phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides are included as well as peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), analogues of oligonucleotides where the negatively charged phosphate backbone is replaced by a neutral amide linkage. This review contains a critical evaluation of claims for certain peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates to translocate into cultured cells by a non-energy-dependent nonendosomal route. In addition, the available evidence for the utility of stable versus nonstable linkages between peptide and oligonucleotide or PNA is discussed.     

三值光学计算机一种限制输入一步式MSD加法器

在已有三值光学MSD加法器研究工作的基础上,对限制输入符号的一步式MSD加法器进行了进一步研究.本文简要介绍了一般一步式MSD加法器的原理,其核心是"中位变换"、中位变换表和对应的中位变换器等概念.通过限制输入符号,得到了简化的2位中位变换表.通过分析这个2位中位变换表,获得了2位中位变换V子变换、U子变换和中位变换器主变换,设计了相应的变换器光路图.在此基础上,根据限制输入一步式MSD加法器原理设计了它的结构.通过对中位变换器和一步式MSD加法器的软件模拟以及实物实验,证明所设计的一步式MSD加法器有效.该加法器将成为三值光学计算机的基本部件之一.