基于BP神经网络的金刚石锯片寿命预测

在花岗石锯切过程中影响金刚石锯片寿命的因素交错复杂,对正确设计、制造和使用工具都带来极大困难。利用神经网络方法,研究花岗石种类、特性、锯切参数等多处因素对工具寿命的交互影响规律,对花岗石锯切用金刚石圆锯片的制造、使用起了指导作用,从而提高工具的加工效率,降低加工成本,经网络训练表明：（１）以花岗石的石英、长石和斜长石的百分含量、抗拉强度、抗压强度;（２）以锯切用量的切深、进给量、锯片圆周速度为输入     

红色黑色花岗石板材表面增色方法

花岗石板是现代高档建筑材料,很受建筑界的青睐.但目前国内外对花岗石板的加工,偏重于加工工艺、异型板材加工手段和提高表面光洁度,还没有考虑从根本上     

磨抛中金刚石磨盘与花岗石的界面作用

通过跟踪不同加工阶段的花岗石表面光泽度、微观形貌以及组分变化特征 ,研究垂直轴磨削过程中金刚石磨盘与花岗石界面的作用机制 .用光泽度仪、环境扫描电镜 (ESEM)和 X射线多晶衍射仪 (XRD) ,分别研究加工过程中花岗石表面光泽度、微观形貌和组分的变化 ;并用三明治薄膜热电偶 ,监测了磨盘与花岗石接触界面的温度变化 .结果表明 ,加工过程中磨盘与花岗石接触界面的温度 ,不足以引起花岗石表面的组分变化 .花岗石表面光泽度的高低 ,与加工过程中在花岗石表面形成的塑性流变程度密切相关     

稀土掺杂板钛矿相TiO_2第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理,以板钛矿相TiO2、稀土/板钛矿相TiO2原胞为基本模型,利用MS4.0软件的castep模块结合ATK软件计算了17种稀土/板钛矿相TiO2的态密度、晶体能、能隙等参数。结果表明:除Sc、Y外,其余稀土元素均有利于降低板钛矿相TiO2的能隙,其与4 f电子结构相对应。Sc和Y利于降低板钛矿相TiO2的晶体能,其利于降低合成所需能量。     

人造花岗石

国外专家研究出一种利用高炉矿渣和砂子制造花岗石的新工艺。这种人造花岗石可以着染各种颜色,具有天然花岗石的特性,但成本要比天然花岗石便宜四分之三。     

山区石材行业的现状与选择

山区石材行业的现状与选择王凡金（中共山东省五莲县委研究室，五莲，２６２３００）花岗石是五莲县一大矿产资源，花岗石开采、加工是全县的一大支柱产业。通过对全县石材行业情况的调查和对外地石材行业考察了解，认为要进一步发挥花岗石资源优势，加快全县石材产业步代...     

铌钽尾矿微晶玻璃的研制

以铌钽尾矿为主要原料,采用烧结法研制硅灰石为主晶相的微晶玻璃.应用CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统相图设计基础玻璃配方.借助XRD和DTA等方法优选配方.利用正交实验方法确定最佳热处理工艺,采用XRD和SEM等方法研究微晶玻璃结构,研制的微晶玻璃理化性能优于陶瓷砖、天然花岗石和大理石.     

花岗石的致色原因与褪变色机理

通过对花岗石材进行加热、阳光照射、紫外线和6 0 Co辐照等实验 ,研究了它们的褪变色规律 .根据能带理论 ,结合实验结果探讨了花岗石的褪变色机理 ,提出花岗石褪变色现象的利用与防护建议 .     

园林铺装花岗石碳排放量的测度

园林铺装石材的碳排放量测度是量化园林建设中碳排放量的重要环节。为了减少园林工程CO₂排放量和能源消耗量,通过从定性评价到定量测度的转变,以园林石材中最常用的花岗石为例,基于生命周期法(LCA)将花岗石全生命周期分为石材产品生产加工阶段、规划设计阶段、建造施工阶段、使用维护阶段、清除回收阶段。在微观尺度下对碳排放量进行测度研究,建立了石材铺装过程碳排放量测度模型。通过此模型,以南京体育学院网球场花岗石铺装为例,计算其生命周期各阶段的铺装碳排放量,得出样本区2 308 m²花岗石铺装产生的碳排放量(以CO₂量计)为12 436.73 kg。分析产生碳排放的原因,并提出各阶段相应的减排措施,认为应将减排重点放在施工建造阶段和使用维护阶段。     

磨粒辅助电火花加工金属基复合材料实验研究

针对金属基复合材料的加工难题,提出了采用磨粒辅助电火花法加工该类材料。利用电火花加工和磨粒辅助电火花加工2种方法,对比研究了金属基复合材料加工时的材料去除率和表面粗糙度。利用正交试验法研究金属基复合材料中增强相的不同体积分数对加工效率的影响,得到了磨粒辅助电火花加工的最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明,磨粒辅助电火花加工法在材料去除率和表面粗糙度方面均优于电火花加工法,各加工参数对加工效率的影响从大到小依次为占空比、平均电流、脉冲宽度,复合材料的增强相的比例是影响加工效率的主要因素之一。     

On the genetic classification and tectonic implications of the Early Yanshanian granitoids in the Nanling Range, South China

Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) granitoids are widespread in the Nanling Range of South China, and are associated with numerous non-ferrous and rare metal mineral deposits. These granitoids consist mainly of slightly peraluminous biotite monzogranites and K-feldspar granites that are closely associated in time and space with subordinate amphibole-bearing granites and muscoviteand garnet-bearing granites. In most previous studies, the biotite-bearing granites were classified as crustal transformation-type (corresponding to the S-type) granites which were interpreted to be derived from the regional Paleoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks. In this paper, we re-analyze the geochemical characteristics of a number of representative Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoids. There exists a clear negative correlation between SiO2 and P2O5 for the studied granitoids. The Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoid suites (including amphibole-bearing granodiorites→biotite monzogranites→K-feldspar granites→two-mica (muscovite) granites) are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous I-type or fractionated I-type granites. They were derived predominantly from Proterozoic igneous protoliths. The juvenile crust and/or newly mantle-derived materials might also have been involved in some of these granites. In addition, the Iand fractionated I-type granites are closely associated in time and space with minor amount of A-type felsic and mafic volcanic and intrusive rocks as well as alkaline rocks. All these rocks constitute a typical assemblage of anorogenic, intraplate magmatism, suggesting a dominant lithospheric extensional regime for the Nanling Range and neighboring region during the Early Yanshanian period.     

花岗岩及其形成的大地构造环境

花岗岩与大地构造环境之间存在着成因联系,因为岩浆活动受到了构造环境的控制。在大地构造演化的各个阶段中,花岗岩的岩石化学成分表现出有序的演化趋势,这种趋势在常量、微量及稀土元素等方面都有反映。通过化学成分的变化,并利用典型的构造环境中花岗岩的数据及数学手段建立的一套判别方法,可以用来判别花岗岩形成的大地构造环境。     

赣东北大鄣山花岗岩的地质特征、形成时代及其旅游地学意义

为了研究赣东北大鄣山花岗岩的成岩时代及成岩背景,通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法对大鄣山二长花岗岩的形成时代进行了测定,大鄣山二长花岗岩形成于135.0±2.6 Ma B.P.,为早白垩世。花岗岩的主要矿物为钾长石、斜长石、石英等浅色矿物,暗色矿物稀少,有利于抵抗风化侵蚀,保持岩石的完整性。岩石形成于以伸展为主导的构造背景下,张性的节理和断裂更为发育。风化侵蚀作用只能沿节理和断裂逐渐进行,容易形成尖峰、峡谷、断壁悬崖等花岗岩地貌景观。岩石结构和矿物组成是花岗岩地貌景观形成的物质基础;节理和断裂是花岗岩地貌景观的造型控制因素;成岩之后的构造抬升是花岗岩成为景观的必备条件;气候条件、水文条件等也在景观形成过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色。     

蓝晶石族矿物的选矿

蓝晶石族矿物—蓝晶石、硅线石、红柱石是性能良好的高温膨胀耐火材料。本文概要地阐述了它们的性质、用途、工业对产品质量要求;国内外主要矿床的分布与矿石的类型、特征。并通过蓝晶石族矿物选矿试验研究与生产实践,介绍了不同类型矿石的选矿工艺技术,采用重选—磁选;重选—浮选以及重选—浮选—磁选选矿流程所得的分选结果。     

新疆花岗岩物理力学性质的矿物组成和微观结构分析

为分析不同类型花岗岩物理力学性质差异,通过选取不同粒径的新疆花岗岩试样进行电镜扫描和矿物成分测试试验,研究岩石矿物组成和微观结构与其物理力学性质之间关系。结果表明：花岗岩中石英和长石矿物胶结很好而具有孔隙率低和强度高特点;随着粒径增大,花岗岩中云母含量增加,导致粗粒花岗岩的孔隙率较高和强度偏低;通过电镜扫描得出花岗岩微观结构质密,矿物胶结很好,颗粒分布均匀,从而具有孔隙率低和强度高特点,同时由于细粒花岗岩微观结构更质密且晶粒镶嵌紧密而孔隙率最低但强度最高。可见天湖细粒花岗岩体由于质密、低孔隙率和高力学强度的特点更适合作为高放废物地质处置岩体。     

湖南加里东期花岗岩成因及铀成矿关系

华南出露大量加里东期花岗岩,其岩石成因、构造背景长期存在争议。湖南省加里东期花岗岩年代学和地球化学数据显示,其主要形成于416～432 Ma之间,岩性主要为花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。岩石类型除少数为I型花岗岩外,大部分为S型花岗岩。地球化学特征为富硅、过铝质和高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,富集Rb、Th、U等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr等元素;指示岩浆源区为古-中元古代地壳物质部分熔融的产物,部分花岗岩有幔源物质的加入。区域地质背景和岩石地球化学数据指示湖南加里东期岩体形成于碰撞挤压峰期之后挤压减弱、应力松弛的后碰撞构造环境。区域内加里东期花岗岩中铀含量相对较高,为后期铀成矿提供物质来源。     

中国东部花岗岩的钾－铀－钍元素地球化学

以吉林、辽宁、河北、河南、山东、安徽、江西、福建、湖北和广东等地为代表的中国东部花岗质岩石的钾－钍－铀元素资料为基础,本文分析和总结了它们的基本变化规律,讨论了地球化学类型、区域分布特点和岩石成因学意义等方面的问题。中国东部花岗岩可被划分为正常、高铀和低铀三种类型,存在南方以正常和高铀型为主、华北以正常和低铀型为主的分布规律,前两类花岗岩的源岩分别为变火成岩和变沉积岩,低铀类型可能衍生于曾经历过表生风化作用的变火成岩、或低成分成熟度的变火成硬砂岩物质。     

冈底斯南麓花岗岩成因与航磁异常格架的关系

西藏冈底斯南麓是我国重要的一个火山-岩浆弧.自中生代以来,受特提斯演化以及后期陆内汇聚碰撞造山作用的控制,地块广泛发育花岗岩.其中,部分花岗岩具有较强的磁性,造成了航磁异常,它们的展布方式也决定了航磁异常的格架.探求航磁异常与花岗岩的联系对于迅速评价航磁异常、圈定隐伏岩体具有重要的意义.本文首先以多尺度边缘检测为手段对研究区航磁异常格架进行讨论,再以区域花岗岩的主微量元素对花岗岩成因进行讨论.1)东段北东向航磁异常主体是由新生代花岗岩所引起,西段存在北东向和北西向两个航磁异常,分别对应于晚白垩纪、第三纪花岗岩.2)新生代东西两段花岗岩磁性的差异与东西两段造山强度有关系.     

Primary Sn-rich titianite in the Qitianling granite, Hunan Province, southern China: An important type of tin-bearing mineral and its implications for tin exploration

The Qitianling calc-alkaline granite in Hunan Province (South China) has attracted much attention since the discovery of the Furong super-large tin deposit. The present study provides new mineralogical data to address their implications for exploration of tin deposits. In the Taoxiwo granite in the southeastern part of the Qitianling granite body, Sn-rich titanite was identified as an important type of Sn-bearing mineral. The titanite commonly occurs with biotite as euhedral crystals, exhibiting typical envelope-like shape and sector-zoning texture. These indicate that the titanite most likely crystallized in the magmatic stage. Electron-microprobe analyses show that the titanite is enriched in tin up to 1.12 wt% SnO₂, with an average of 0.43 wt%. With the crystallization of the granite, primary minerals undertook hydrothermal alteration by magma-derived fluids. Subsequently, in the hydrothermal stage, the primary Sn-bearing titanite was altered (at least partially), but still preserved its typical envelope-shaped outline. Micro-scale cassiterite is a representative product of such alteration; other secondary minerals include fluorite, ilmenite, Sn-bearing rutile and quartz. Therefore, the titanite, commonly present in the calcalkaline granites, can be treated as an important Sn-carrying mineral in the Qitianling granite, reflecting the primary magmatic environment with tin enrichment. The hydrothermal alteration of the primary titanite and subsequent crystallization of cassiterite recorded a process of leaching and accumulation of tin in magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Sn-bearing granite. Thus, this titanite has important implications for tin exploration. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40730423 and 40221301) and Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 1212010632100)     

Eocene high grade metamorphism and crustal anatexis in the North Himalaya Gneiss Domes,Southern Tibet

Determination of the timing and geochemical nature of early metamorphic and anatectic events in the Himalayan orogen may provide key insights into the physical and chemical behavior of lower crustal materials during the early stage of tectonic evolution in large-scale collisional belts.The Yardoi gneiss dome is the easternmost dome of the North Himalayan Gneiss Domes(NHGD),and contains three types of amphibolites with distinct mineral assemblage,elemental and radiogenic isotope geochemistry,as well as various types of gneisses.SHRIMP zircon U/Pb analyses on the garnet amphibolite and garnet-bearing biotite granitic gneiss yield ages of nearly peak metamorphism at 45.0±1.0 Ma and 47.6±1.8 Ma,respectively,which are 2 to 4 Ma older than the age for partial melting in migmatitic garnet amphibolite(43.5±1.3 Ma).Available data have demonstrated that ultra-high pressure metamorphism in the Tethyan Himalaya occurred at ～55 Ma,and high amphibolite facies to granulite facies metamorphism at 45 to 47 Ma.In addition,partial melting at thickened crustal conditions occurred at 43.5±1.3 Ma,which led to the formation of high Sr/Y ratios two-mica granites.The high-grade metamorphic rocks in the NHGD may represent the subducted front of the Indian continental lithosphere.In large collisional belts,fertile components in crustal materials could melt and form granitic melts with relatively high Na/K and Sr/Y ratios under thickened crustal conditions,significantly different from those formed by decompressional melting during rapid exhumation.