Comparative study on the effect of integrin αvβ3 on secretion of matrix metalloproteinases in human normal and carcinoma trophoblasts

The invasion of cytotrophoblast cells into the maternal endometrium during embryonic implantation is very similar to the metastasis of carcinoma cells. However, the significant difference is that the former is a highly controlled process. In this report, the effects of integrin αvβ3 on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) were compared between normal cytotrophoblast cells and choriocarcinoma cells by RT-PCR, gelatin zymography and immunocytochemistry. The results reveal that both normal cytotrophoblast cells and choriocarcinoma cells can express integrin αvβ3. The secretion of MMPs in normal cytotrophoblast ceils is up-regulated by anti-αvβ3 antibody, whereas, decreased in choriocarcinoma cells. It was suggested that αvβ3 can modulate the expression of MMPs in trophoblasts, and this action is carried out through distinct mechanisms in normal and carcinoma cytotrophoblast cells.     

Y,Y＋C和Y＋Cr注入H13钢表面改性研究

用ＭＥＶＶＡ源引出的强束流Ｙ，Ｃｒ，Ｃ注入Ｈ１３钢改善了注入层抗氧化、耐腐蚀和抗磨损特性，探索了表面改性的机理。实验结果表明单注入和Ｙ＋Ｃ，Ｙ＋Ｃｒ双注入均能得到表面改性的良好效果，双注入效果略好。表面改性的原因是注入样品氧化前后的结构和合金相发生了明显的变化。上述特性的改善和注入层结构变化、钇铁化物析出相的生成以及铁钇氧化物形成密切相关。这些氧化物经短时氧化（１０ｍｉｎ）即可形成。由于这些氧化物     

Effect of matrix metallo-proteinase-26 (MMP-26) during embryo implantation in the mouse

Matrix metalloproteinase-26 (MMP-26, endometase and matrilysin-2), a novel member of the MMPs family, is detected not only in the placenta and uterus, but is widely expressed in malignant tumors from different sources as well as in diverse tumor cell lines. However, the function of MMP-26 in the reproductive system has never been reported. Expression of MMP-26 in mouse embryos and the function of the MMP-26 antibody during mouse embryo implantation was examined for the first time by injecting the uterine horn, immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization, co-culture of mouse blastocysts and uterine monolayer epithelial cells, Western blot, RT-PCR, Northern blot and zymography. Our results show that there is strong expression of MMP-26 mRNA and protein in the mouse embryo. Furthermore, the MMP-26 antibody dramatically inhibited mouse embryo implantation and significantly inhibited adhesion and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts onin vitro uterine monolayer epithelial cells. At the same time, the MMP-26 antibody inhibited the expression of integrin αV mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that MMP-26 may play a role in some of the tissue-remodeling events associated with the invasion of the endometrium by trophoblast cells and facilitate successfully embryo implantation.     

N-连接寡糖中岩藻糖α(1-6)-葡萄糖胺二糖骨架的区域及立体选择性合成

岩藻糖α(1-6)-氨基葡萄糖是N-glycans基本结构骨架中的重要组成部分，在该二糖的合成上，本研究利用兼有保护羟基、“armed activation”（武装活化）、区域和立体选择性功能的苄基，以甲基-2-O-苄基-3,4-二-O-乙酰-1-硫-β-L-硫代吡喃岩藻糖苷(2)为供体，在三氟甲磺酸甲酯（MeOTf）和 2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-甲基吡啶（DTBMP）催化作用下，实现了对烯丙基-3-苄基-2-脱氧-2-(2,2,2 三氯乙氧)甲酰胺基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)的6-位羟基的-α-糖基化，从而简便有效地构建了岩藻糖α-(1-6)-氨基葡萄糖胺二糖骨架(1)。该工作有望推动含岩藻糖的N-连接寡糖的构建。     

α一干扰素、异搏定协同逆转肾癌细胞药物耐受性

目的：探讨α-干扰素(α-IFN)、异搏定(VRP)对RCC-925肾癌细胞阿霉素敏感性的影响。方法：(1)将RCC-925肾癌细胞分别与不同浓度的逆转剂α-干扰素或异搏定或α-干扰素+异搏定及与不同浓度阿霉素(ADM)共同培养;MTT法检测肿瘤细胞的存活率。(2)图像分析仪检测逆转前后PgP(P-glycoprotein)表达。结果：单独应用α-干扰素无逆转作用;联合应用α-干扰素、异搏定显著逆转肿瘤细胞的耐药性,效果优于单用异搏定(P＜0．05);2．5 mg/L异搏定+500pg/mLα-干扰素共同与细胞作用后,PgP表达降低。结论：α-干扰素、异搏定作为逆转剂联合使用,能显著逆转RCC-925细胞的耐药性,可望为临床耐药肿瘤的治疗提供一种新的方法。     

Inefficient positive selection of T cells directed by haematopoietic cells.

Intrathymic differentiation of alpha beta TCR+ T cells depends on positive selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by thymic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Positive selection allows the maturation of only those T cells capable of restricted antigen recognition in the context of the hosts' MHC alleles. Studies of normal or T-cell receptor-transgenic mice engrafted with MHC-different bone marrow or thymuses support the conclusion that positive selection is directed by MHC molecules expressed on non-haematopoietic cells, presumably thymic epithelial cells. Here we, present contrary evidence that class I MHC molecules expressed by haematopoietic cell types direct positive selection of CD8+ T cells, though at a reduced rate compared with positive selection directed by thymic epithelial cells. The identity of cell types that direct positive selection bears directly on mechanistic models of the process, including the idea that thymic epithelial cell MHC molecules uniquely present specialized peptides that mediate positive selection, and the notion that thymic epithelial cells express unique differentiation-inducing cell surface molecules.     

Expression, distribution and function of the focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) during murine ectoplacental cone outgrowthin vitro

Mouse embryo implantation is a complex process that includes trophoblast cells derived from ectoplacental cone (EPC) adhesion to and migration through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of uterine endometrium and invasion into the decidua. At the time of implantation, fibronectin (FN) is abundant in the decidua and is distributed pericellularly around each individual stromal cell, and its receptor (integrin α-5β-1) expression on trophoblast populations is up-regulated. The focal adhesion kinase, a 125 ku protein tyrosine kinase (pp125 FAK), is tyrosine phosphorylated upon integrin engagement with its ECM ligand, and its tyrosine phosphorylation sites then serve as the binding sites which couple it with cellular proteins that contain Src SH2 or SH3 domains. Through these linkages, pp125 FAK may integrate multiple signals triggered by integrins. The model of EPC culture %in vitro% was used to study the expression, distribution and function of pp125 FAK during EPC outgrowth on FN. Results indicated that, pp125 FAK primarily expressed and distributed in cellular focal adhesions of the front edge of trophoblast outgrowth from EPC, and was localized in the peripheral region of the individual migrating trophblast cell; antibody or antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to pp125 FAK inhibited EPC attachment and outgrowth, as well as trophoblast cells spreading and migration. This experiment demonstrated that pp125 FAK as an integrin-mediated signaling molecule was involved in EPC outgrowth %in vitro%, and played an important role during trophoblast cells interaction with FN.     

Effect of MTECl on the functional expression of TCRαβ~ + 3G11~- 6C10~-CD4~+CD8~- thymocyte subset

A murine CD4+ thymocyte subset with phenotype of TCRαβ + 3G11- 6C10- CD4 + CD8- CD69 +/- HSAmed/locontains the cells in relatively functional matured status. The functional property of the cells in this subset is characterized by the unique pattern of cytokine production at transitional stage from Th0 to Th2 type with the latter being the dominant type. After being co-cultured with murine thymic medullary epithelial cell line (MTEC1) cells, a murine thymic medullary type epithelial cell line, the TCRαβ(T 3G11 6C10-CD4 + CD8- CD69+/- HSAmed/l? thy-mocytes, has exhibited significantly higher levels of proliferation capability and IL-6 production, whereas the production of IL-4 and IL-10 is suppressed after co-culturing with MTECl. By contrast, MTECl could not induce thymocytes to secrete Th1 type of cytokines. The results suggest that MTECl can regulate functional status of this thymocyte subset and induce them to develop into a specialized Th2 subset.     

Bv8 regulates myeloid-cell-dependent tumour angiogenesis

Bone-marrow-derived cells facilitate tumour angiogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms of this facilitation are incompletely understood. We have previously shown that the related EG-VEGF and Bv8 proteins, also known as prokineticin 1 (Prok1) and prokineticin 2 (Prok2), promote both tissue-specific angiogenesis and haematopoietic cell mobilization. Unlike EG-VEGF, Bv8 is expressed in the bone marrow. Here we show that implantation of tumour cells in mice resulted in upregulation of Bv8 in CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells. We identified granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as a major positive regulator of Bv8 expression. Anti-Bv8 antibodies reduced CD11b+Gr1+ cell mobilization elicited by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Adenoviral delivery of Bv8 into tumours was shown to promote angiogenesis. Anti-Bv8 antibodies inhibited growth of several tumours in mice and suppressed angiogenesis. Anti-Bv8 treatment also reduced CD11b+Gr1+ cells, both in peripheral blood and in tumours. The effects of anti-Bv8 antibodies were additive to those of anti-Vegf antibodies or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Thus, Bv8 modulates mobilization of CD11b+Gr1+ cells from the bone marrow during tumour development and also promotes angiogenesis locally.     

Epithelial cells expressing aberrant MHC class II determinants can present antigen to cloned human T cells

The first step in the induction of immune responses, whether humoral or cell mediated, requires the interaction between antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes restricted at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These cells invariably express MHC class II molecules (HLA-D region in man and Ia in mouse) which are recognized by T cells of the helper/inducer subset in association with antigen fragments. Interestingly, in certain pathological conditions, for example in autoimmune diseases such as thyroiditis and diabetic insulitis, class II molecules may be expressed on epithelial cells that normally do not express them. We speculated that these cells may be able to present their surface autoantigens to T cells, and that this process may be crucial to the induction and maintenance of autoimmunity. A critical test of this hypothesis would be to determine whether epithelial cells bearing MHC class II molecules (class II+ cells) can present antigen to T cells. We report here that class II+ thyroid follicular epithelial cells (thyrocytes) can indeed present viral peptide antigens to cloned human T cells.     

ICAM, an adhesion ligand of LFA-1, is homologous to the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM

Antigen-specific cell contacts in the immune system are strengthened by antigen-nonspecific interactions, mediated in part by lymphocyte-function associated (LFA) antigens. The LFA-1 antigen is widely expressed on cells of haematopoietic origin and is a major receptor of T cells, B cells and granulocytes. LFA-1 mediates the leukocyte adhesion reactions underlying cytolytic conjugate formation, helper T-cell interactions, and antibody-dependent killing by natural killer cells and granulocytes. Recently, ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) has been defined as a ligand for LFA-1. Monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 block T lymphocyte adhesion to fibroblasts and endothelial cells and disrupt the interaction between cytotoxic T cells and target cells. In addition, purified ICAM-1 reconstituted into artificial membranes binds LFA-1+ cells. ICAM-1 is found on leukocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells and endothelial cells and its expression is regulated by inflammatory cytokines. LFA-1 has been placed in the integrin family of cell surface receptors by virtue of the high sequence similarity between the LFA-1 and integrin beta chains. The adhesion ligands of the integrin family are glycoproteins bearing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence motif, for example, fibronectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Here we show that a complementary DNA clone ICAM-1 contains no RGD motifs, but instead is homologous to the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM.     

Transformation of cell adhesion properties by exogenously introduced E-cadherin cDNA

E-cadherin is a cell surface glycoprotein responsible for Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells; it is also called uvomorulin, L-CAM (ref. 3), cell-CAM 120/80 (ref.4) or Arc-1 (ref. 5). Because blocking the action of E-cadherin by monoclonal antibodies causes dispersion of compact cell colonies, this molecule is thought to be an important factor for maintenance of multicellular systems. To demonstrate directly that E-cadherin is involved in cell-cell adhesion, we cloned full-length cDNA encoding E-cadherin from F9 cells and introduced it into L fibroblasts deficient in E-cadherin. These L cells acquire strong Ca2+-dependent aggregating activity by expressing the E-cadherin derived from the introduced cDNA and were morphologically transformed so as to form colonies in which cells were tightly connected to each other.     

Role of αVβ3 integrin in embryo implantation in the mouse

Integrin, a heterodimeric adhesive molecule composed of α and β subunits, can regulate cell adhesion and trafficking. Recent data have documented that, at the “implantation window” stage, α Vβ 3 integrin participates in the maternal-fetal interaction and becomes a potential marker of uterine receptivity. Furthermore, it can affect invasiveness of embryo. This work made a further study about its action mechanism. Results of indirect immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that α Vβ 3 integrin was clearly expressed in the mouse blastocyst. Injection of α Vβ 3 integrin antiserum into a uterine horn of a pregnant mouse on day 3 markedly decreased the number of embryos implanted (P < 0.001). In a co-culture model, α Vβ 3 integrin antisera at 1︰100 and 1︰200 dilutions significantly depressed the attachment and outgrowth reactions of blastocysts on monolayer of uterine epithelial cells. Analysis of correlation manifested that the inhibitory effect of α Vβ 3 integrin antiserum was dosage/dilution-dependent. Thus, α Vβ 3 integrin is an essential factor in the uterine endometrium for embryo implantation in the mouse. This integrin distinctly expressed in the mouse blastocyst at “implantation” stage affected the process of embryo implantation by route of mediating both the attachment and the outgrowth processes of blastocyst on uterine epithelial cells.     

银杏叶黄酮类化合物水提工艺的响应面优化

研究水浸提银杏叶中总黄酮类物质的最佳工艺条件.以银杏粉碎叶为试验材料,以水为提取溶剂,采用响应面设计方法,对影响黄酮提取效果的提取温度、提取时间和料液比等3个因素先后进行了部分因子试验和中心组合设计试验,并建立数学模型,研究这些因素对黄酮提取率的影响.部分因子试验结果表明:提取时间和料液比是影响仙人掌黄酮提取效果的主要因子;中心组合设计试验建立的黄酮提取率(Y1)与提取温度(X1)、提取时间(X2)、料液比(X3)间的数学模型为Y1=6.423 667+0.161*X1+0.684 25*X2-0.523 75*X3-0.660 083*X1*X1+0.174 5*X1*X2-0.657 5*X1*X3-0.534 583*X2*X2-0.013 5*X2*X3-1.527 583*X3*X3;最佳的提取工艺条件为料液比1∶13.76,提取时间3.70 h,提取温度93.37℃,该条件下模型预测的最大提取率为6.75%.结果表明应用响应面方法对黄酮类物质的提取条件进行优化是非常有效的.     

马氏珠母贝外套膜组织培养

用本实验室已建立的贝类组织培养技术对马氏珠母贝外套膜组织成功地进行了体外培养,在外套膜组织中最先迁出的是颗粒细胞,紧随其后为透明细胞,在培养到２０ｈ时,圆形的上皮细胞开始迁出,上皮细胞很快在组织块圆形形成生长晕,继而铺满整个培养瓶底面,培养４ｄ以后,上皮细胞开始分泌颗粒状的物质,这时的上皮细胞从形态上发为Ａ型和Ｂ型两类,Ｂ型上皮细胞含有许多颗粒物质,而Ａ型上皮细胞不含或含少量颗粒物质,反映了其合成     

G7代二龄泥蚶生长性状的相关性和通径分析

为了探讨连续选育多代以后泥蚶形态性状对全重和软体部重的影响,采用相关分析、通径分析对330个2龄“乐清湾1号”泥蚶的壳长L、壳高H、壳宽W、全重Y1和软体部重Y2等5个性状指标进行分析,并建立形态性状对全重、软体部重的最优回归方程。结果显示:1）所测5个数量性状之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）,壳宽与全重的相关系数最大（0.952）,壳长与软体部重的相关系数最大（0.928）。2）通径分析结果显示,壳宽对全重的直接影响最大（0.479）,是影响全重的主要因素;壳长和壳高主要通过壳宽间接影响全重,是影响全重的次要因素;对软体部重的直接影响最大的是壳长（0.415）,其次是壳宽（0.390）,两者是影响软体部重的主要因素。3）用多元回归分析方法建立壳长、壳高、壳宽估计全重和软体部重的最优回归方程:Y1=-18.798+0.265L+0.294H+0.646W;Y2=-7.194+0.143L+0.088H+0.203W。     

Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell

The existence of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) has been postulated from evidence that the mammary gland can be regenerated by transplantation of epithelial fragments in mice. Interest in MaSCs has been further stimulated by their potential role in breast tumorigenesis. However, the identity and purification of MaSCs has proved elusive owing to the lack of defined markers. We isolated discrete populations of mouse mammary cells on the basis of cell-surface markers and identified a subpopulation (Lin-CD29hiCD24+) that is highly enriched for MaSCs by transplantation. Here we show that a single cell, marked with a LacZ transgene, can reconstitute a complete mammary gland in vivo. The transplanted cell contributed to both the luminal and myoepithelial lineages and generated functional lobuloalveolar units during pregnancy. The self-renewing capacity of these cells was demonstrated by serial transplantation of clonal outgrowths. In support of a potential role for MaSCs in breast cancer, the stem-cell-enriched subpopulation was expanded in premalignant mammary tissue from MMTV-wnt-1 mice and contained a higher number of MaSCs. Our data establish that single cells within the Lin-CD29hiCD24+ population are multipotent and self-renewing, properties that define them as MaSCs.     

Y,Cr离子注入碳钢耐蚀改性研究

用失重法、电化学方法、金相及俄歇电子能谱分析研究了碳钢离子注入Ｙ，Ｃｒ元 素在海水，ＨＦ，Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｈ３ＰＯ４中的耐腐蚀改性作用．结果表明：稀土Ｙ注入后 使碳钢耐水溶液腐蚀性能提高；Ｙ，Ｃｒ复合注入使碳钢表面产生钝性，局部诱发小孔 腐蚀；Ｙ在表面注入层均匀富集产生的非平衡态合金化作用是耐蚀性提高的主要原 因；注入过程中高能离子轰击引起的表层微观结构变化对耐蚀强化起着一定的作用； Ｙ，Ｃｒ复合注入合金化的耐蚀改性效果更佳。     

Targeting of transmembrane and GPI-anchored forms of N-CAM to opposite domains of a polarized epithelial cell.

The calcium-independent neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM is expressed transiently during development in many tissues, including epithelia. The three naturally occurring principal isoforms of N-CAM differ in the way in which they associate with the membrane and in their cytoplasmic domains. These isoforms are generated by developmentally regulated alternative splicing of a single gene: the large cytoplasmic domain (ld) form (relative molecular mass 180,000 (Mr 180K] is specific for post-mitotic neurons; the 120K small cytoplasmic domain (ssd) and 140K small surface domain (sd) forms also occur on other cell types. One function of the different isoforms could be to specify cellular localization; for example, glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-membrane anchoring acts as a targeting signal for expression on the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells. Neurons and epithelial cells may use similar mechanisms for polarizing their plasma membrane proteins. We have therefore investigated the targeting of GPI-anchored (ssd N-CAM, 120K) and transmembrane forms of N-CAM (sd N-CAM, 140K; ld N-CAM, 180K) by comparing the expression of each after transfection of the appropriate complementary DNAs into polarized epithelial cells. We find that isoforms with alternative modes of membrane association are targeted to different surfaces of polarized epithelial cells: ssd N-CAM is expressed on the apical surface, whereas sd and ld N-CAM are expressed on the basolateral surface. These results suggest that the different isoforms of N-CAM determine their own diverse cellular destinations. They also support the hypothesis that the GPI anchor acts as an apical targeting signal in epithelia.