贵州剑河八郎寒武系清虚洞组拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899的发现

剑河八郎松山寒武系黔东统都匀阶清虚洞组主要由泥岩、灰岩组成,下部以灰岩为主,上部为泥岩、灰岩互层,顶部为中层白云岩.上部含有大量的莱德利基虫类、耸棒头虫类和褶颊虫类三叶虫及带软躯体动物多门类化石.本文报道的拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899产于清虚洞组中部及中上部,分异度低,仅1属1相似种,即原生拜如尼亚虫(相似种)Byronia cf.annulata Liu,1986.原生拜如尼亚虫(相似种)Byronia cf.annulata化石保存较好,管壁保存有横脊.剑河八郎松山清虚洞组的拜如尼亚虫是贵州杷榔组和凯里组之后另一个产出层位,它的发现不仅丰富了清虚洞组生物群的组成,同时亦为贵州乃至全球寒武系拜如尼亚虫Byronia的演化、埋藏特征等研究提供了新的素材.     

下寒武统宽背虫(Bathynotus)的灭绝过程——以贵州剑河八郎凯里组的Bathynotus kueichouensis为例

宽背虫(Bathynotus)这一传统早寒武世或寒武纪第2世晚期最重要的三叶虫属,广泛分布于全球寒武纪3个生物大区,为区域地层对比的标准化石.Bathynotus在贵州剑河八郎乌溜-曾家崖剖面凯里组下部极为丰富.该剖面已成为全球寒武系第2统和第3统界线层型候选剖面,表明凯里组是一个穿时的地层单元,其3个三叶虫带最下部一个带为Bathynotus holopygus-Ovatoryctocara granulata.经过逐层大量的化石标本采集统计证实,乌溜-曾家崖剖面宽背虫(Bathynotus)在距凯里组底部51.60 m处骤然绝灭,距寒武系第2统的顶界(距凯里组底52.80 m)只有1.20 m.本文就乌溜-曾家崖剖面凯里组下部宽背虫(Bathynotus)的数量分布变化认为其灭绝过程是逐步的.     

贵州寒武系刺细胞动物研究动态

贵州寒武系刺细胞动物丰富,有4属7种及1未定种,包括帐篷螺Scenella Billings,1872、寒武线螺CambbrovitusMao,Zhao,Yu＆Qian,1992、拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899、楔叶形虫Sphenothallus Hall,1847共4属化石,主要层位由老到新为遵义松林中南村牛蹄塘组,剑河八郎清虚洞组、凯里组,为中国寒武系最主要的产出地区。Sphenothallus及Byronia的研究尤为详尽,其中Sphenothallus为一个两侧具管状加厚物,具吸盘的长细锥管状刺细胞动物,具有有性及无性生殖等特征。贵州寒武系刺细胞动物的研究将促进我国及全球寒武系刺细胞动物的研究。     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”八郎村虫Balangcunaspis（Yuan et Zhao）的研究

贵州剑河八郎松山寒武系黔东统都匀阶“清虚洞组”灰岩、泥岩中产大量三叶虫及带软躯体动物多门类化石.其中三叶虫非常丰富,包括莱德利基虫类、耸棒头虫类、褶颊虫类等.本文描述的褶颊虫类八郎村虫Balangcunaspis （Yuan et Zhao,1997）包括横宽八郎村虫Balangcuna-spis（B.）transversus及次柱形八郎村虫（相似种）Balangcunaspis（B.） cf. subcylindricus,其中横宽八郎村虫也见于凯里组下部层位.八郎村虫的发现,使其产出层位下延,丰富了“清虚洞组”三叶虫的组合,也为寒武系第4阶的研究提供了新的三叶虫材料和依据.     

球状球形始海百合(Globoeocrinis globus)水能环境初探

贵州剑河八郎寒武系第2统及第3统凯里生物群中球状球形始海百合(Globoeocrinis globus)十分丰富,化石标本数以万计。球状球形始海百合茎短、吸盘大,固着吸附在光滑的腕足动物外壳和三叶虫背壳碎片上底栖生活。通过吸盘与萼部直径比例分析,显示其生境为静水低能环境。     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”帐篷螺Scenella,的发现

贵州剑河八郎松山“清虚洞组”中上部布尔吉斯页岩型生物群共有50多属,其中含有刺细胞动物帐篷螺Scenella,1相似种:Scenella cf.radians。相似种较凯里组产出Scenella cf.radians放射线较粗,线间距稍大。“清虚洞组”Scenella的发现是继凯里组首次发现Scenella之后,本地区寒武系地层中Scenella又一次产出它的发现不但为剑河生物群刺胞动物增添了一个新的内容也为剑河地区寒武系Scenella的演化提供了宝贵的材料。     

贵州台江中寒武世凯里生物群研究的新进展

综述了贵州凯里生物群的研究取得的重要进展:出现了新的门类叶足类;非三叶虫节肢动物大量增加;棘皮动物又添新类群海座星纲及海参纲;软躯体化石蠕形类大量增加,并出现具软躯体的节肢动物;藻类十分丰富.凯里生物群的组成及面貌已发生明显变化,动物化石超过100属,成为包括澄江、布尔吉斯页岩生物群在内的全球三大布尔吉斯页岩型生物群;生物群核心组成主要由棘皮动物、非三叶虫节肢动物、软躯体化石等门类组成,并以含大量棘皮动物为自身特色.认为新面貌的凯里生物群提供了寒武纪生物大爆发后生物多样化的证据,在寒武纪生物演化上起承前启后作用,对于古板块、古地理、古埋藏学的研究也具有重要意义.     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”Redlichia

贵州寒武系黔东统都匀阶"清虚洞组"富含三叶虫,其中莱得利基虫主共1属3种:贵州莱得利基虫Redlichia(Redlichia)guizhouensis Zhou,1974、著目莱得利基虫Redlichia(Redlichia)nobilis Walcott,1905及村上翼形莱得利基虫Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)murakamii Resser et Endo in Kobayashi,1935。Redlichia广泛分布于浅水台地区,具有一定的地层意义。"清虚洞组"Redlichia(Redlichia)guizhouensis、Redlichia(Redlichia)nobilis产于"清虚洞组"中上部,Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)murakamii产于"清虚洞组"下部且向下延伸至下伏地层杷榔组中上部。本文基于"清虚洞组"Redlichia形态学的研究,讨论了3个种的种间差异。     

贵州黔东南中,下寒武统凯里组下部Redlichia的发现及意义

本文描述了贵州黔东南中，下凯里组下部Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ的两个新亚各Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ及Ｒ．（Ｒ．）和一个未定种Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ（Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ）ｓｐ．，并讨论了Ｒｅｄｋｉｃｈｉａ在中下寒武统界线划分对比的作用及意义。     

贵州松桃寒武系清虚洞组微体管状骨骼化石似软舌螺类Hyolithelminths初探

近期笔者在扬子台地边缘的贵州松桃寒武系清虚洞组灰岩中利用酸解处理获得了丰富且保存较好的磷酸钙质微体化石。对其中的管状骨骼化石似软舌螺类Hyolithelminths进行报道,分别是:似软舌螺属Hyolithellus Billings,1871和小钻孔螺属Torellella Holm,1893。本次发现的管状骨骼化石似软舌螺类是在贵州松桃地区的首次报道,不仅完善了清虚洞组的微体生物面貌,拓展了其在寒武纪第二世的古地理分布范围,也为寒武纪早期骨骼化生物的发育与演化研究提供了新的材料。     

Eocrinoids from the Cambrian Mantou Formation of Dalian, Liaoning

Cambrian echinoderms,especially eocrinoids,have been reported recently from Guizhou and Yunnan provinces of China,such as the Kaili,Balang,and Guanshan faunas.The present paper reports abundant well-preserved eocrinoids from the Cambrian Mantou Formation of Dalian,Liaoning Province.This new discovery provides additional data on the early evolution of Echinodermata.It also gives us a clue as to where to seek the Cambrian soft-bodied fauna on the margin of the North China Platform.     

New data regarding acritarch biostratigraphy from the Early-Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation in Chuandong, Guizhou Province, China

Previous studies have evaluated acritarchs from the Balang and Pingzhai sections of the Early-Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation in east Guizhou, China. The results of these studies suggest that the acritarchs in these sections have potential biostratigraphic significance. More recently, 34 samples collected from 83m lower part of the Lower-Middle cambrian Kaili Formation in the Jianshan section of Chuandong, Guizhou Province were prepared for palynological analysis. Analysis of these samples revealed a distinct change in the acritarch assemblages at the bed, which was approximately 46m above the bottom of the Kaili Formation. These findings suggest a boundary represented by an important alteration of the ecological environment. In addition, the position of the acritarch biostratigraphic change is somewhat higher than the boundary between Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3 based on trilobites found in the same section. This indicates that the distinct change in acritarch assemblages is similar to the change in trilobite assemblages that occurs around the boundary between Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3. Therefore, acritarch biostratigraphy can provide data that can be used to define the base of Cambrian Series 3 in this region, and possibly worldwide.     

贵州黔东地区中-下寒武统凯里组发育特征

贵州黔东地区中－下寒武统凯里组主要由粉砂质泥岩，页岩及灰岩组成，富产三叶虫，其中台江八郎乌溜－曾家岩的凯时组含著名的中寒武世凯里生物群、早寒武世台江生物群，2001年成为国际中－下寒武统层型界线候选部，对其深入研究具有重大科学和实用意义。就我省黔东地区凯里组的岩石地层，生物地层，年代地层，沉积环境等进行研究及总结，亦确认黔东凯里组是一个十分重要的地层单位。     

凯里动物群与我国早期后生动物演化的初步研究

作者所发现的中寒武世凯里动物群,属于带软躯体化石的布吉斯页岩型的动物群,是继云南澄江动物群之后我国发现的又一个早期后生动物群。它和新近发现的晚震旦世庙河生物群,分别填补了晚震旦世、中寒武世我国带软躯化石生(动)物群的空白,形成了我国多时期带软躯化石的生(动)物群体系。对于研究我国及世界早期后生动物演化并不断揭示其演化规律有重要意义。     

Discovery of Corallina fossil from the Middle Cambrian of Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China

Abundant and well-preserved macroalgae fossils have been discovered in silty mudstones and shales from the Middle Cambrian of Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China. CorallinaParaamphiroa siniansis gen. et sp. nov. in the Kaili Fm., is the earliest Corallina fossil, which usually coexists with other carbonaceous macroalgae fossils on the bedding planes of mudstone and shale and is different from the calcareous and phosphatized Precambrian-Cambrian thallus discovered in the Lower Cambrian of Siberia and the Doushantou phosphate rocks of Weng’an County, Guizhou Province, China. The discovery of calcified thallus in the Kaili Fm. bears great importance on the study of phylogeny and evolution of early calcareous macroalgae.     

A new section of Kaili Formation (Cambrian) and a biostratigraphic study of the boundary interval across the undefined Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3 at Jianshan, Jianhe County,China with a discussion of global correlation based on the first appearance datum of Oryctocephalus indicus(Reed,1910)

A trilobite biostratigraphic study of a new section of the Kaili Formation at Jianshan,Chuandong Village,Jianhe County,Guizhou is reported.Additional occurrences of key species associated with the Ovatoryctocara granulata-Bathynotus holopygus Zone and the overlying Oryctocephalus indicus Zone that were originally defined from the trilobite assemblages at the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section of the Kaili are reported from this new section.The first appearance datum (FAD) of Oryctocephalus indicus occurs at the 44.52 m above the base of the unit.Based on study of abundant specimens (n = 800) from the Kaili Formation,we argue that Oryctocephalus indicus is a widespread taxon with a global distribution.O.Reticulatus (Lermontova,1940) from the middle part of the Kounamkites Zone of the Amganian Stage in the Molodo River region of Siberia and O.Americanus (Sundberg and McCollum,2003) from Nevada,North America are similar to representatives of O.Indicus which occur in the O.Indicus Zone of the Kaili Formation.O.Reticulatus and O.Americanus are here synonymized with O.Indicus (Reed,1910).This study strengthens the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section of the Kaili Formation as a candidate section for a Global Stratotype for the base of the unnamed Cambrian Series 3.     

贵州台江早寒武世台江动物群的发现及意义

贵州台江八郎凯里组剖面中下部中、下寒武统界线之下厚达１５米左右的粉砂质泥岩、页岩中存在着一个类似凯里动物群的台江动物群,由８个门类３９个属组成,核心为蠕形动物,三叶虫数量很多。形成于内陆棚浅海环境。时代为早寒武世末期,介于著名的早寒武世早期澄江动物群和中寒武世早期凯里动物群之间,对于早期后生动物的演化研究具有重要的意义。