贵州剑河八郎寒武系清虚洞组拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899的发现

剑河八郎松山寒武系黔东统都匀阶清虚洞组主要由泥岩、灰岩组成,下部以灰岩为主,上部为泥岩、灰岩互层,顶部为中层白云岩.上部含有大量的莱德利基虫类、耸棒头虫类和褶颊虫类三叶虫及带软躯体动物多门类化石.本文报道的拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899产于清虚洞组中部及中上部,分异度低,仅1属1相似种,即原生拜如尼亚虫(相似种)Byronia cf.annulata Liu,1986.原生拜如尼亚虫(相似种)Byronia cf.annulata化石保存较好,管壁保存有横脊.剑河八郎松山清虚洞组的拜如尼亚虫是贵州杷榔组和凯里组之后另一个产出层位,它的发现不仅丰富了清虚洞组生物群的组成,同时亦为贵州乃至全球寒武系拜如尼亚虫Byronia的演化、埋藏特征等研究提供了新的素材.     

贵州剑河八郎“清虚洞组”叉尾虫科Dorypygidae三叶虫

贵州剑河八郎松山“清虚洞组”中产有包括软躯体化石在内的特异埋藏化石群,三叶虫是其中的主要类群.本文描述的叉尾虫科三叶虫有2属2种1相似种2未定种:副合格拟油栉虫Olenoides paraptus,湖北拟油栉虫O.hubeiensis,横宽拟油栉虫(相似种)O.cf.transversus,库廷虫(未定种)Kootenia sp.1,K sp.2.Olenoides的丰度、分异度较高,其中O.paraptus和O.hubeiensis2个种均见于上覆地层凯里组,O.cf.transversus与产于凯里组的O.transversus很相似,两者组合特征相似,说明凯里组叉尾虫科主要分子Olenoides层位已下延至“清虚洞组”.Olenoides的出现,不仅为“清虚洞组”的三叶虫组合及生物地层提供了新信息,也为叉尾虫科三叶虫在“清虚洞组”至凯里组形成期间的分类及演化研究提供了新材料.     

贵州剑河八郎“清虚洞组”三叶虫Probowmania (Mufushania) nankingensis Lin,1965的初步研究

本文根据三叶虫分类的主要要求结合线性相关分析,对产于贵州剑河寒武系"清虚洞组"的已经定种的褶颊虫目的三叶虫Mufushania cf. nankingensis Lin,1965进行重新划分,认为原本划分为Mufushania cf. nankingensis Lin,1965,由于埋藏因素导致标本出现挤压形变从而影响属种的准确划分,应该属于Probowmania (Mufushania) nankingensis Lin,1965。     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”Redlichia

贵州寒武系黔东统都匀阶"清虚洞组"富含三叶虫,其中莱得利基虫主共1属3种:贵州莱得利基虫Redlichia(Redlichia)guizhouensis Zhou,1974、著目莱得利基虫Redlichia(Redlichia)nobilis Walcott,1905及村上翼形莱得利基虫Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)murakamii Resser et Endo in Kobayashi,1935。Redlichia广泛分布于浅水台地区,具有一定的地层意义。"清虚洞组"Redlichia(Redlichia)guizhouensis、Redlichia(Redlichia)nobilis产于"清虚洞组"中上部,Redlichia(Pteroredlichia)murakamii产于"清虚洞组"下部且向下延伸至下伏地层杷榔组中上部。本文基于"清虚洞组"Redlichia形态学的研究,讨论了3个种的种间差异。     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”帐篷螺Scenella,的发现

贵州剑河八郎松山“清虚洞组”中上部布尔吉斯页岩型生物群共有50多属,其中含有刺细胞动物帐篷螺Scenella,1相似种:Scenella cf.radians。相似种较凯里组产出Scenella cf.radians放射线较粗,线间距稍大。“清虚洞组”Scenella的发现是继凯里组首次发现Scenella之后,本地区寒武系地层中Scenella又一次产出它的发现不但为剑河生物群刺胞动物增添了一个新的内容也为剑河地区寒武系Scenella的演化提供了宝贵的材料。     

贵州寒武系刺细胞动物研究动态

贵州寒武系刺细胞动物丰富,有4属7种及1未定种,包括帐篷螺Scenella Billings,1872、寒武线螺CambbrovitusMao,Zhao,Yu＆Qian,1992、拜如尼亚虫Byronia Mathew,1899、楔叶形虫Sphenothallus Hall,1847共4属化石,主要层位由老到新为遵义松林中南村牛蹄塘组,剑河八郎清虚洞组、凯里组,为中国寒武系最主要的产出地区。Sphenothallus及Byronia的研究尤为详尽,其中Sphenothallus为一个两侧具管状加厚物,具吸盘的长细锥管状刺细胞动物,具有有性及无性生殖等特征。贵州寒武系刺细胞动物的研究将促进我国及全球寒武系刺细胞动物的研究。     

下寒武统宽背虫(Bathynotus)的灭绝过程——以贵州剑河八郎凯里组的Bathynotus kueichouensis为例

宽背虫(Bathynotus)这一传统早寒武世或寒武纪第2世晚期最重要的三叶虫属,广泛分布于全球寒武纪3个生物大区,为区域地层对比的标准化石.Bathynotus在贵州剑河八郎乌溜-曾家崖剖面凯里组下部极为丰富.该剖面已成为全球寒武系第2统和第3统界线层型候选剖面,表明凯里组是一个穿时的地层单元,其3个三叶虫带最下部一个带为Bathynotus holopygus-Ovatoryctocara granulata.经过逐层大量的化石标本采集统计证实,乌溜-曾家崖剖面宽背虫(Bathynotus)在距凯里组底部51.60 m处骤然绝灭,距寒武系第2统的顶界(距凯里组底52.80 m)只有1.20 m.本文就乌溜-曾家崖剖面凯里组下部宽背虫(Bathynotus)的数量分布变化认为其灭绝过程是逐步的.     

贵州金沙寒武系牛蹄塘组古盘虫类三叶虫的地层意义

通过对贵州金沙岩孔剖面牛蹄塘组的逐层化石采集,发现了大量古盘虫类三叶虫,包括Tsunyidiscus armatus和Tsunyidiscus niutitangensis,同时确定了T.armatus的顶界,将T.armatus顶峰带修订为T.armatus延限带。T.armatus是贵州最早出现的三叶虫,其对于寒武系第3阶底界的确定具有重要意义,此次修订的T.armatus延限带体现了生物的演化阶段,为区域地层的精细划分与对比提供重要的基础资料。本文也对Tsunyidiscidae做了初步讨论,认为该科包括Tsunyidiscus,Hupeidiscus和Badiscus3个有效属。     

新疆阿克苏-乌什地区早寒武世的高肌虫

在新疆阿克苏-乌什地区,早寒武世的高肌虫最初发现于肖尔布拉克组底部,计有Tsunyiella、Yaoyingella? Liangshanella和Shensiella?诸属。它们在杨子地区主要分布于筇竹寺阶,与它们共生的三叶虫Shizhudiscus为本区最低的三叶虫化石,这属一般自筇竹寺中期开始出现。因此,上述肖尔布拉克组高肌虫的时代不早于筇竹寺期。值得重视的是,整合于肖尔布拉克组之下的玉尔吐斯组也含有大量的高肌虫化石,计有10属15种和1个亚种,其中新属4个,新种(包括亚种)12个。与之件存的化石是许多小壳化石,它们与杨子地区梅树村阶的小壳化石比较相似;在这个层位中未见三叶虫产出,加上其中的高肌虫与筇竹寺期三叶虫有一定差别,因此,玉尔吐斯组中含有高肌虫与小壳化石共存的那个层位,相当于梅树村阶。若如此,玉尔吐斯组中的高肌虫便是世界上最早的高肌虫了。     

湖南桃源地区寒武系与奥陶系界线附近的树形笔石类

对产自湖南桃源地区寒武系与奥陶系界线附近的树笔石类进行了系统研究,计有9属40余种和亚种,其中新种11个.根据这些笔石的产出层位,自寒武系顶部至奥陶系新厂阶可建立四个笔石带,自上而下为Heterograptus带,Anisograptus带,Dictyograptus flabell-iformis带和Dictyograptus wutingshanensis带.     

Skeletal faunas from the Qiongzhusian of southern Shaanxi: biodiversity and lithofacies-biofacies links in the Lower Cambrian carbonate settings

The Xiaoyang section, located in Zhenba County of Shaanxi Province, is important both for documenting the biodiversity of the Qiongzhusian Stage (Lower Cambrian) and for analyzing lithofacies-biofacies links in carbonate depositing environments on the Yangtze Platform.The skeletal fossils from the Xihaoping Member, including linguloid valves, cambroclavid and chancelloriid sclerites, genal and occipital spines of polymerid trilobites, and tubular fossils, are described here as the Eoobolus-Cambroclavus fauna, which mainly occurred in peritidal environments.The fossils from the argillaceous limestones of the lower Shuijingtuo Formation, containing lingulate brachiopods, eodiscoid trilobites, bivalved arthropods, microdictyoniid sclerites and siliceous sponge spicules, are regarded as the Palaeobolus-Hupeidiscus-Kunmingella fauna, which presumably lived in subtidal or deeper water environments.The faunal diversity in the Xihaoping Member is lower than that in the lower Shuijingtuo Formation.The investigations of the skeletal fossil assemblages from carbonate lithofacies in southern Shaanxi will significantly contribute to a detailed documentation of the biodiversity during the Qiongzhusian interval on the Yangtze Platform and add new knowledge on the Cambrian bioradiation.     

A Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage from the Hongjingshao Formation （Cambrian Stage 3） at Chenggong,Kunming, Yunnan

A new Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage is reported herein from the lower part of the Hongjingshao Formation at Xiazhuang village of Chenggong,Kunming,Yunnan.The fossil assemblage,named as Xiazhuang fossil assemblage,yields predominantly soft-bodied fossils,including arthropods,brachiopods,priapulids,lobopods and some problematic taxa,with arthropods being the most dominant group.Preservation and composition of the fossil assemblage are very similar to the typical Chengjiang biota,which is preserved in the middle Yu’anshan Formation in the large area of eastern Yunnan.The associated trilobites demonstrate that the soft-bodied fossil assemblage belongs to the late Qiongzhusian in age(Stage 3,Cambrian),suggesting that the Hongjingshao Formation is probably a diachronous lithostratigraphic unit ranging from the upper Qiongzhusian to the lower Canglangpuan stages in eastern Yunnan.The fossil assemblage from the Xiazhuang area fills up the missing link between the typical older Chengjiang biota and the younger Malong and Guanshan biotas,making eastern Yunnan a unique area in the world to reveal the early evolutionary history of animals and palaeocommunity dynamics during the‘‘Cambrian explosion’’.     

New data regarding acritarch biostratigraphy from the Early-Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation in Chuandong, Guizhou Province, China

Previous studies have evaluated acritarchs from the Balang and Pingzhai sections of the Early-Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation in east Guizhou, China. The results of these studies suggest that the acritarchs in these sections have potential biostratigraphic significance. More recently, 34 samples collected from 83m lower part of the Lower-Middle cambrian Kaili Formation in the Jianshan section of Chuandong, Guizhou Province were prepared for palynological analysis. Analysis of these samples revealed a distinct change in the acritarch assemblages at the bed, which was approximately 46m above the bottom of the Kaili Formation. These findings suggest a boundary represented by an important alteration of the ecological environment. In addition, the position of the acritarch biostratigraphic change is somewhat higher than the boundary between Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3 based on trilobites found in the same section. This indicates that the distinct change in acritarch assemblages is similar to the change in trilobite assemblages that occurs around the boundary between Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3. Therefore, acritarch biostratigraphy can provide data that can be used to define the base of Cambrian Series 3 in this region, and possibly worldwide.     

“倒”虚化考察

现代汉语副词＂倒＂是由表示动作义＂颠倒＂的古去声＂倒＂发展而来。＂倒＂句法上经历了从做谓语动词到做状语修饰谓语中心语再到做副词修饰全句的过程,语义语用上经历了从表动作义到表状态义再到表语气的过程。唐宋时代＂倒＂已经开始兼表语气了。     

湖南花垣中寒武世晚期开腔骨类化石

记述了湖南花垣县排碧剖面寒武系花桥组上部灰岩中的开腔骨类化石。40余块形态多样的化石标本,包括具6-7+1型的Chancelloria altaica;4＋0型Archiasterella sp.;和3＋0型Allonnia sp.;以及形态奇特的开腔骨针Chancelloria sp.,与三叶虫、牙形石、腕足动物、软舌螺类等共生,时代属中寒武世晚期。与其他研究比较证明,这是迄今我国中寒武世晚期开腔骨类最高产出层位,也是世界上少数几个开腔骨类较高的产出层位之一。通过对开腔骨类骨片构造、保存环境及其地史地理分布的分析,认为开腔骨类是一类与海绵类有密切关系、已绝灭的后生动物,是一类生活于浅海环境的底栖固着型生物。     

一类二阶变系数线性常微分方程的通解

论述了二阶线性常微分方程y″＋A（x）y′＋B（x）y=D（x）在满足B^2＋A′B—AB^=m和B″-（AB）′=m的条件时可用初等积分法求其通解，并推出了求解公式．     

四川秀山早寒武世高肌虫新材料

本文记述了早寒武世沧浪铺阶一高肌虫新属Tanguangbiella(gen.nov.),标本产于川东南秀山溶溪剖面下寒武统天河板组中部。新属以壳体巨大,具纺缍形前腹瘤、准生长线及缘膜构造为特征,其主要特征接近于高肌虫类,而部分特征也和介形类相似,加之标本稀少,故暂置于高肌虫目。     

Proposal and prospects for the global Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary

In recent years paleontologists have been working on the global stratotype section and standard point (GSSP) for the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary in North America, China, Morocco, Spain and Russia. Continually, they suggest the potential first appearance datum (FAD) of the Middle Cambrian, such as Oryctocephalus indicus, Ovatoryctocara granulata, Acadoparadoxides mureroensis, Hupeolenus and Arthricocephalus chauveaui as being relevant to the potential stratotype section for the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary. There are only a few trilobites distributed widely enough in the Early to Middle Cambrian connection, so virtually no trilobite(s) can act as the FAD for the global Middle Cambrian. The easily identified Oryctocephalus indicus is widely distributed in three realms of the global Cambrian. Its first appearance position is linked to the extinction of old species coevolution of new ones. It appears to be a comparatively good FAD of Middle Cambrian. The continuous and unbroken Wuliu section (Balang, Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China) includes O. indicus and co-occurs with many benthic and nektonic trilobites. The evolution of acritarchs in the section, the changed characteristics of trace elements (REE and C isotopes) are generally consistent with the evolution of trilobites both above and below the boundary. Strata above the boundary yield the famous Kaili Biota. The Wuliu section is easily accessible from a main highway.     

《经典释文》所引《说文》“反切”考

由于资料缺乏,人们对宋代＂二徐＂以前《说文》的情况不甚清楚。《经典释文》引《说文》（许慎）反切达94次,这些反切不同于现今流传的唐宋注音,反映了魏晋南北朝人们为《说文》创制反切的情况。