Genetic analysis and gene mapping of leafy head （lhd）, a mutant blocking the differen-tiation of rachis branches in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Flowers, fruits and seeds are products of plant re- productive development and provide the important sources of foods for humans. Therefore, the moleculargenetic mechanisms of floral development have been ahotspot of research of plant developmental biology[1]. Rice is one of the most important staple food crops. Theoutcome of its reproductive development would determine the yield and quality of grains. Rice is also a model plantof cereals. Hence, the study of rice reproductivedevelopment, esp…     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of an enclosed panicle mutant esp2 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

The phenomenon of panicle enclosure in rice is mainly caused by the shortening of uppermost internode.Elucidating the molecular mechanism of panicle enclosure will be helpful for solving the problem of panicle enclosure in male sterile lines and creating new germplasms in rice.We acquired a monogenic recessive enclosed panicle mutant,named as esp2 (enclosed shorter panicle 2),from the tissue culture progeny of indica rice cultivar Minghui-86.In the mutant,panicles were entirely enclosed by flag leaf sheaths and the uppermost internode was almost completely degenerated,but the other internodes did not have obvious changes in length.Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene,which could be steadily inherited and was not affected by genetic background.Apparently,ESP2 is a key gene for the development of uppermost internode in rice.Using an F 2 population of a cross between esp2 and a japonica rice cultivar Xiushui-13 as well as SSR and InDel markers,we fine mapped ESP2 to a 14-kb region on the end of the short arm of chromosome 1.According to the rice genome sequence annotation,only one intact gene exists in this region,namely,a putative phosphatidylserine synthase gene.Sequencing analysis on the mutant and the wild type indicated that this gene was inserted by a 5287-bp retrotransposon sequence.Hence,we took this gene as a candidate of ESP2.The results of this study will facilitate the cloning and functional analysis of ESP2 gene.     

Fine mapping of the dominant glandless Gene Gl2^e in Sea-island cotton （Gossypium barbadense L.）

Gle2 is a mutant gene that controls glandless trait in cotton plants and seeds. It is an important gene resource to gossypol-free cottonseed breeding. The objective of this research was to develop SSR markers tightly linked with Gle2 by using the F2 segregating population containing 1599 plants derived from the cross of G. hirsutum genetic standard line TM-1 and G. barbadense glandless mutant line Hai-1. Genetic analysis suggested that the Gle2 was an incomplete dominant gene. Based on the backbone of genetic linkage map from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense BC1 published by our laboratory,Gle2 was lo-cated between CIR362 and NAU2251b,NAU3860b,STV033,with a genetic distance 9.27 and 0.96 cM,respectively. This result is useful for cloning Gle2 gene by map-based cloning method.     

Fine mapping of an incomplete recessive gene for leaf rolling in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of genes controlling leaf rolling were conducted using two backcrossed generations （BC4F2, BC4F3） derived from a cross between QMX, a non-rolled leaf cultivar as a recurrent parent, and JZB, a rolled leaf NIL of ZB as a donor parent. Results indicated that leaf rolling was mainly controlled by an incompletely recessive major gene, namely rl（t）, and at the same time, affected by quantitative trait loci （QTLs） and/or the environment. A genetic linkage map was constructed using MAPMAKER/EXP3.0 with eight polymorphic markers on chromosome 2, which were screened by BAS method from 500 SSR markers and 15 newly developed insertion/deletion （InDel） markers. The position of rl（t） was estimated with composite interval mapping （CIM） method using WinQTLcart2.5. Gene rl（t） was mapped between markers InDel 112 and RM3763, and 1.0 cM away from InDel 112 using 241 plants in BC4F2 population. To fine map r（t）, one BC4F3 line with 855 plants was generated from one semi-rolled leaf plant in BC4F2. Four new polymorphic InDel markers were developed, including InDel 112.6 and InDel 113 located between markers InDe1112 and RM3763. Based on the information of recombination offered by 191 rolled leaf plants and 185 non-rolled leaf plants from the BC4F3 line ,we mapped r（t） to a 137-kb region between markers InDel 112.6 and InDel 113. Homologous gene analysis suggested that r（t）was probably related to the process of leaf development regulated by microRNA.     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a lax mutant in rice

We have analyzed a lax mutant that exhibits altered panicle architecture in rice.The primary and secondary rachis-branches are normally initiated and each branch ends in a terminal spikelet,but all the lateral spikelets are absent and the terminal spikelet displays variegated structures in the mutant.An F2 population from the cross between the lax mutant and a japonica variety,W11,was constructed and analyzed.Using microsatellite and CAPS markers,the lax locus was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 1,co-segregated with a CAPS marker,LZ1,within an interval of 0.28 cM between a CAPS marker,HB2,and a microsatellite marker,MRG4389.RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of the rice B-function MADS-box genes OsMADS2,OsMADS4,OsMADS16 and OsMADS3 were significantly reduced,whereas the expression of the rice A-function gene RAPIA was not altered.     

Fine mapping of a semidwarf gene sd-g in indica rice（Oryza sativa L.）

The semidwarf gene sd-g which has been usedin indiea rice breeding in southern China is a new one, non-allelic to sd-1. To map sd-g, an F2 population derived fromthe cross between Xinguiaishuangai and 02428 was con-structed. The sd-g was roughly mapped between two mi-crosatellite markers RM440 and RM163, with genetic dis-tances of 0.5 and 2.5 cM, respectively. Then nine new poly-morphic microsatellite markers were developed in this region.The sd-g was further mapped between two microsatellitemarkers SSR5-1 and SSR5-51, with genetic distances of 0.1and 0.3 cM, respectively, while cosegregated with SSR418. ABAC contig was found to span the sd-g locus, the region be-ing delimited to 85 kb. This result was very useful for cloningof the sd-g gene.     

Characterization and mapping of a lesion mimic mutant in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice initiation-type lesion mimic mutant (lmi) was identified, which was isolated from an indica rice Zhongxian 3037 through γ radiation mutagenesis. Trypan blue staining and sterile culture revealed that the mutant spontaneously developed lesions on the leaves in a developmentally regulated and light-dependent manner. Genetic analysis indicated that the lesion mimic trait was controlled by a single resessive locus. Using public molecular markers and an F2 population derived from lmi and 93-11, we mapped the lmi locus to the short arm of chromosome 8, nearby the centromere, between two SSR markers RM547 and RM331. The genetic distance was 1.2 and 3.2 cM, respectively. Then according to the public rice genomic sequence between the two SSR markers, lmi was further finely tagged by three CAPS markers: C4135-8, C4135-9 and C4135-10. And lmi locus was a co-segregated with marker C4135-10, providing a starting point for lmi gene cloning.     

Genetic analysis and gene fine mapping for a rice novel mutant （rl9〈t）） with rolling leaf character

Much attention has been paid to leaf shape of rice in the process of ideotype breeding[1]. Several authors have reported that the rolling of leaf in some degree helps keep it erect, consequently optimizing canopy light transmission condition, which is good for dry matter accumulation and for high yield[2―6]. Rice as a polymorphic crop has many types of vari- ety with different morphologies. In terms of leaf shape, different cultivars with rolling leaf have been identifiedin rice germplasm. Le…     

Fine mapping of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ht2 (Helminthosporium turcicum</Emphasis> resistance 2) gene in maize

Fine mapping of Helminthosporium turcicum resistance gene Ht2 is extremely valuable for map-based cloning of the Ht2 gene,gaining a better knowledge of the distribution of resistance genes in maize genome and marker-assisted selection in maize breeding.An F2 mapping population was developed from a cross between a resistant inbred line 77Ht2 and a susceptible inbred line Huobai.With the aid of RFLP marker analyses,the Ht2 gene was mapped between the RFLP markers UMC89 and BNL2.369on chromosome 8,with a genetic distance of 0.9cM to BNL2.369.There was a linkage between SSR markers UMC1202,BNLG1152,UMC1149 and the Ht2 gene by SSR assay,Among the SSR markers,the genetic distance between UMC1149 and the Ht2 gene was 7.2cM,By bulked segregant analysis 7 RAPD-amplified products which were probably linked to the Ht2 gene were selected after screening 450 RAPD primers and converted the single-copy ones into SCAR markers.Linkage analysis showed that the genetic distance between the SCAR marker SD-06633 and the Ht2 gene was 0.4cM.From these results,a part of linkage map around the Ht2 gene was constructed.     

Genetic analysis and gene fine mapping of a rolling leaf mutant (<Emphasis Type="Italic">rl</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">11(t)</Emphasis></Subscript>) in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

The exploration of new genes controlling rice leaf shape is an important foundation for rice functional genomics and plant archi-tecture improvement. In the present study, we identified a rolling leaf mutant from indica variety Yuefeng B, named rl_11(t), which exhibited reduced plant height, rolling and narrow leaves. Leaves in rl_11(t) mutant showed abnormal number and morphology of veins compared with those in wild type plants. In addition, rl_11(t) mutant was less sensitive to the inhibitory effect of auxin than the wild type. Genetic analysis suggested that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. Gene Rl_11(t) was initially mapped between SSR markers RM6089 and RM124 on chromosome 4. Thirty-two new STS markers around the Rl_11(t) region were developed for fine mapping. A physical map encompassing the Rl_11(t) locus was constructed and the target gene was finally delimited to a 31.6 kb window between STS4-25 and STS4-26 on BAC AL606645. This provides useful information for cloning of Rl_11(t) gene.     

谷子抽穗期突变体jt1242-14b的遗传分析和定位

为鉴定控制谷子抽穗的关键基因,通过甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methyl sulfonate,EMS)诱变谷子参考基因组测序品种豫谷1号,获得遗传稳定的谷子超早抽穗突变体jt1242-14b.与豫谷1号相比,jt1242-14b抽穗期明显提前,茎秆变细,叶片变窄、变短.遗传分析表明,突变性状受隐性单基因控制.以SSR41(父本)、jt1242-14b(母本)和F₂群体进行突变基因定位,结果表明,该基因位于第9号染色体,在分子标记In4746和In9-11之间的4 447 kb之内.进一步测序比对分析发现突变位点位于PHYB基因内部,因此,PHYB很可能是该早熟突变体的目标基因.本研究为谷子早抽穗基因克隆及PHYB基因功能研究提供材料基础.     

Chromosomal Location of Gene for Earbranching of Barley Natural Mutant ＂f151＂ Using SSR Markers

0　IntroductionHighgrainyieldisoneoftheimportanttargetsinbarleybreeding .Thenumberofgrainsperearisoneofthethreeconstitutivefactorsofyieldinbarley ,andthenumberofspikeletsperearisanimportantfactorwhichaffectsonthenumberofgrainsperear .Earbranching ,differentfromgeneralbranching ,hasbeensuggestedbyAsana (1 970 )asaplanttypewhichbearsagreaternum berofspikeletsandtherebyincreasesthegrainproduc tion[1] .Therefore ,theexcavationandcultivationofear branchingbarleycouldlayasoundfoundationforsignifi c…     

利用回交群体对小麦雌性不育基因的SSR标记

对普通小麦新601、雌性不育材料XND126及其BC1群体的育性进行了观察.分析结果表明,此组合中雌性不育表现为1对隐性基因的遗传.结合集群分析(Bulked Segregant Anal-ysis,BSA)法在亲本间筛选了1 080对微卫星引物,并利用回交群体对小麦雌性不育基因进行了SSR分子标记,确定微卫星引物cfd36标记与雌性不育基因连锁,其遗传距离为13.0 cM.     

一个水稻白化致死突变体abl25鉴定及其基因定位

经Co60辐照的粳稻嘉花1号得到一个新的致死白化突变体albino lethal 25(abl25),该突变体从发芽至4叶期表现为白化苗,之后逐渐死亡.与野生型嘉花1号相比,abl25突变体的叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素的含量大大降低,叶绿体结构不正常,说明其叶绿体发育受到严重阻碍,导致植物死亡.遗传分析表明:该突变体受一对隐性核基因(abl25)控制,进一步利用abl25与广占63S杂交的F2分离群体,将该突变体基因(abl25)定位于第2染色体上SSR标记RM424与Indel分子标记ID7330之间,随后利用新开发的分子标记和扩大群体将其定位在Indel分子标记ID9111和ID9261之间的150 kb内,发现abl25是一个新的水稻苗期白化致死基因.     

合系35×老来红联合世代耐低磷性状主基因加多基因遗传研究

 磷高效水稻培育是提高土壤潜在磷利用效率的一种途径,用云南主栽粳稻品种合系35与云南稻种核心种质耐低磷特性极强老来红配制P1,P2,F1和F2世代,在云南省农科院(海拔1916 m)种植两处理(有效磷质量比6.26 mg/kg,有效磷40 mg/kg)耐低磷鉴定,采用数量性状的主基因-多基因混合遗传模型,研究了水稻的分蘖、株穗重和总干重3个耐低磷指标性状的遗传,结果表明,分蘖、株穗重和总干重3个耐低磷指标性状在这个组合中都表现为一对主基因加多基因遗传和多基因遗传2种遗传模式.     

Genetic analysis and gene mapping of a dominant presenescing leaf gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">PSL3</Emphasis> in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

Leaf senescence as an active process is essential for plant survival and reproduction. However, premature senility is harmful to agricultural production. In this study, a rice mutant, named as psl3 (presescing leaf 3) isolated from EMS-treated Jinhui 10, displays obvious premature senility features both in morphological and physiological level. Genetic analysis showed that mutant trait was controlled by a single dominant gene (PSL3), which was located on rice chromosome 7 between SSR marker c7sr1 and InDel marker ID10 with an interval of 53.5 kb. The result may be useful for the isolation of the PSL3 gene.     

Fine mapping of the red plant gene R_1 in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Sub 16 is a substitution line with G. hirsutum cv. TM-1 genetic background except that the 16th chro-mosome (Chr. 16) is replaced by the corresponding homozygous chromosome of G. barbadense cv. 3-79, and T586 is a G. hirsutum multiple gene marker line with 8 dominant mutation genes. The R1 gene for anthocyanin pigmentation was tagged in Chr. 16 in T586. The objective of this research was to screen SSR markers tightly linked with R1 by using the F2 segregating population containing 1259 plants derived from t...     

水稻籼粳中间型RIL系主要农艺性状杂种优势分析

分析了遗传背景相同的籼粳中间型重组自交系（RIL）9个品系与5个籼、偏籼型光温敏核不育系杂交的F1主要农艺性状的杂种优势．结果表明：9个农艺性状均表现为正向超亲优势,以单株产量、穗实粒数、株高和穗总粒数表现的优势较强,有效穗数、结实率和千粒重表现的优势较弱;F1单株产量仅与父本穗长呈显著负相关,而与杂种有效穗数、穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重呈极显著和显著正相关;F1单株产量的超亲优势与父本单株产量、有效穗数、结实率均呈极显著负相关,与父本抽穗天数和千粒重却呈显著负相关,而与杂种的抽穗天数、有效穗数、穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重优势呈极显著正相关．亚种间杂交稻超高产的获得关键在于要协调好产量目标、亲本产量构成因素和其杂种优势三者的关系．     

Fine mapping of cisc(t), a gene for cold-induced seedling chlorosis, and identification of its candidate in rice

The seedlings of indica rice cultivar Dular are susceptible to chlorosis under low temperature conditions. Our previous studies indicated that low temperature-induced seedling chlorosis is controlled by a recessive gene, located between SSR markers RM257 and RM242, on the long arm of chromosome 9. We temporarily named the gene cisc(t). Using a large F₂ population derived from a cross between Dular and the japonica cultivar Lemont, which displays a normal green color at low temperatures, cisc(t) was fine mapped to within a 12-kb interval. There is only one annotated gene in this interval, which encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein. Sequence analysis indicated that 8 bases were deleted at the 60th base in the Dular allele, resulting in a frame-shift mutation and loss of function of the gene. This is consistent with the chlorosis mutant phenotype of Dular. In addition, previous studies have shown that many chlorosis mutants of seedlings are related to PPR proteins. Hence, we presume that the PPR gene is the candidate for cisc(t).     

水稻02428×合系35杂种后代耐冷性状的相关性与遗传研究

 在昆明低温冷害条件下,以02428与合系35配制的杂种F₁,F₂,F₃和F₄等为材料进行孕穗期耐冷性遗传研究.结果表明:02428×合系35的F₃,F₄分离群体在同一世代株高、穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、总粒数之间呈极显著正相关;株高、穗下节长、穗长、总粒数和结实率均呈数量性状的分布特征.以结实率为耐冷性鉴定指标,孕穗期耐冷性受2对主基因和多基因共同控制,其主效基因的遗传率为73.13%,微效基因遗传率为23.36%,主基因和微效基因都存在加性-显性-上位性效应.