液态金属物性参数对自蒸发磁流体发电系统输运作用的影响

采用数值模拟的方法,使用CFD软件Fluent对金属钠的相变传热及气液两相流动输运进行了模拟计算,依次改变流体物性参数进行对比模拟,得出流体物性参数对两相流输运作用的影响.结果表明:液态金属的密度、热导率越大,热容越小,对两相流的输运作用越有利;黏度对两相流的输运作用不明显;为避免流体在出口截面形成环状流降低发电效率,液态金属出口体积分数不宜小于20%.     

基于流变协同机制的粘弹性非牛顿流体耦合流动与传热问题研究

非牛顿流体在化工、食品、石油及生物工程等许多领域有广泛的应用。人们在非牛顿流体流变特性研究方面已经取得了很大进展,但是对于剪切流动过程中质能传递特性的研究仍然欠缺,多年来一直照搬牛顿流体情况来处理。事实上,在剪切流动中其热、质通过流体微团来输运,非牛顿流体的流变机制不同必然要影响到其质能传递特性的不同。作者基于多年非牛顿流体复杂流动与传热、传质的研究工作,提出非牛顿流体热质输运遵循流变协同机制,应该基于非牛顿流体的流变特性来构建其热质输运本构关系模型。该文以上随体导数Maxwell粘弹性非牛顿流体模型为例,考虑到Maxwell流体的松弛特性,引入Cattaneo-Christov热通量公式,原创性提出基于粘弹性流体流变协同的传热本构方程模型,并推导出基于该本构模型下的粘弹性流体边界层耦合流动与传热问题非线性偏微分方程组。引入适当相似变换及利用同伦分析方法求解得到了问题的近似解,并讨论了相关参数对于流动与传热的影响。     

多孔介质中单相对流换热分析的流体渗流模式

自然界和工程上常遇到多孔介质的渗流流动和传热传质,具体的研究分析总要涉及渗流的模式问题．本文对经典达西流和Ｆｏｒｃｈｈｅｉｍｅｒ扩展达西流、Ｂｒｉｎｋｍａｎ扩展达西流以及Ｆｏｒｃｈ－ｈｅｉｍｅｒ－Ｂｒｉｎｋｍａｎ－Ｄａｒｃｙ流模式作了简明、系统的整理和综述,分析其适用的场合,供理解和研究多孔介质中的流体流动与传热传质作参考     

低碳钢连续浇注过程的数值模拟

对铁-碳二元舍金二维轴对称的连续浇注过程采用混合流模型进行了数值分析，充分考虑了湍流、传热和溶质输运之间的耦合，湍流输运使用了一个修正的LAM-Bremhorst低雷诺数模型．采用控制容积的有限差分法进行求解．对计算结果作了分析讨论，仔细比较了各种参数对浇注过程，特别是对溶质分布的影响．     

用于Poiseuille等微槽道流的Boltzmann模型方程算法研究

基于MEMS微尺度流动特点, 将气体运动论统一算法推广应用于Poiseuille等微槽道流动计算研究, 发展可用于微流动问题的气体运动论边界条件数学模型及数值处理方法, 以不同Knudsen数的Couette剪切流、热对流以及Poiseuille等短微槽道流为研究对象进行初步计算验证, 通过将本文计算结果分别与基于微观分子颗粒输运的类DSMC模拟值、基于宏观流体力学的滑移N-S解、基于气体分子动力论的BGK-Burnett数值解及线化Boltzmann近似分析解 等的比较分析, 显示出发展的连接宏观流体力学与微观分子动力学的介观Boltzmann简化速度分布函数方程数值算法能很好地揭示近连续滑移、过渡流区气体流动现象和微弱流动变化细节, 并能较好地适应于微槽道流动问题计算研究, 可望发展起新型的模拟MEMS微槽道流动和传热问题气体运动论数值计算方法.     

螺旋扭带强化管内的流动沸腾传热

以乙醇、正丙醇为工作介质，研究了垂直管道内插入扭带对流动沸腾传热的强化效果，采用扭带的扭率为２．５、５．０和７．５。通过实验探讨了热通量、蒸汽干度、质量流速和扭率对流动沸腾传热特性的影响，结果表明，插入扭带与空管相比，流动沸腾传系数明显提高，在ＪＣＣｈｅｎ双机理加和模型的基础节螺旋流的特点，预测的螺旋流沸腾传系数与实验值吻合良好。     

中温碳钢—萘热管传热特性的实验研究

本文实验的基础上，对碳钢－萘热管的传热性能等进行了研究，在加热段内，管内的沸腾传热过程随热负荷的变化大致可分三个区域，即以自然对流为主的沸腾区，核化沸腾区和传热恶区，加热段的沸腾传热热阻随其径向热流密度的变化而改变。文章叙述了，在外界工况改变的情况下，萘热管内传热热阻的变化规律。本文用流体力学和边界层理论对重力试热管冷凝因 液的流动特性进行了分析，对液膜成膜厚度和膜内速度分布进行了论述。认为，在液膜较薄的区域，液膜流动特性较差，最容易造成液膜破断，发生局部传热恶化。在分析讨论中，就萘热管的某些传热特性和水热管进行了对比。     

球窝/球凸结构下的U型通道蒸汽冷却性能

采用标准k-ω湍流模型研究了球窝/球凸结构下U型通道内蒸汽的传热与阻力特性,计算、分析了雷诺数为1×104~5×104、来流温比为0.79~0.93、出口压力为0.5~3MPa时通道内的流动与传热性能,获得了拟合的传热关联式,对比了蒸汽与空气冷却特性的差异。研究结果表明:雷诺数增加在提升总体传热效果的同时能够有效降低流动阻力系数;来流温比增大对强化传热的作用并不明显,但可以有效降低流动阻力损失;提高出口压力可以有效增强传热效果,但大大增加了流动阻力;出口压力为1.5~2MPa、来流温比为0.84~0.88时蒸汽冷却参数能够获得较为理想的综合换热效果;与空气相比,蒸汽的热物性更容易受到温度和压力的影响,导致传热增强系数的变化较大,此时雷诺数的变化对传热增强系数的贡献并不显著;拟合的传热关联式可以准确预测通道内蒸汽冷却换热系数。     

求解滑移流区外掠圆柱体气流流动与传热特性的数值模型

为了更精确地求解滑移流区稀薄气体外掠圆柱体流动与传热问题,基于有限容积法的ANSYS FLUENT平台提出了一种滑移边界修正的数值模型,该模型考虑了完整的一阶速度滑移和温度跳跃,其中一阶速度滑移包括了轴向温度引起的热蠕动影响和壁面曲率影响。将模型计算值与实验数据进行了充分对比,结果表明:当气体流动处于连续流区时,滑移边界修正模型与无滑移边界直接模拟计算误差很小;当气体流态处于滑移流区时,采用滑移边界修正模型可实现对该流态气体流动与传热的精确预示(相对误差在±2.5%);稀薄效应对低压气体外掠圆柱体的流动特性影响显著,随着克努森数增加,最大无量纲滑移速度呈线性增加,而最大表面摩擦系数呈线性降低。本文方法可广泛应用于工程之中,以探索低压气体的换热机理,为研究稀薄气体滑移流区流动与传热问题提供了一种有效的数值计算方法。     

求解滑移流区外掠圆柱体气流流动与传热特性的数值模型

为了更精确地求解滑移流区稀薄气体外掠圆柱体流动与传热问题,基于有限容积法的ANSYS FLUENT平台提出了一种滑移边界修正的数值模型,该模型考虑了完整的一阶速度滑移和温度跳跃,其中一阶速度滑移包括了轴向温度引起的热蠕动影响和壁面曲率影响。将模型计算值与实验数据进行了充分对比,结果表明:当气体流动处于连续流区时,滑移边界修正模型与无滑移边界直接模拟计算误差很小;当气体流态处于滑移流区时,采用滑移边界修正模型可实现对该流态气体流动与传热的精确预示(相对误差在±2.5%);稀薄效应对低压气体外掠圆柱体的流动特性影响显著,随着克努森数增加,最大无量纲滑移速度呈线性增加,而最大表面摩擦系数呈线性降低。本文方法可广泛应用于工程之中,以探索低压气体的换热机理,为研究稀薄气体滑移流区流动与传热问题提供了一种有效的数值计算方法。     

动床沙粒阻力与底沙输移

本文在输沙实验的基础上,从研究水流结构着手,分析了水流和泥沙之间的相互作用关系,讨论了动床沙粒阻力和底沙输移规律.结果表明,动床沙粒阻力与输沙有关.本文还导得动平床情况下的流速分布公式、阻力公式和输沙率公式,使动床的水流运动和输沙过程得以联解.通过295组水槽实测资料详尽的验证,证明本文结果与实测资料是一致的.     

平原河流水沙动力学若干研究进展与工程治理实践

综述了河海大学在平原河流水沙动力学问题及河道整治技术创新与实践方面的研究成果,包括含植物水流、沙波床面水沙运动、潜流交换、河网交汇流、桥墩防冲、闸下防淤等基础理论、复杂河网水沙运动模拟与多目标水力调控技术,以及上述理论方法在解决长江、淮河、珠江等流域多个大中型复杂河网防洪、排涝、水运、环境等诸多实际问题中的应用,展望了我国平原河流治理今后需重点关注的问题。     

Status and trend of hydrogeological experiments concerning the side-wall flow effect in porous media

Hydrogeological experiments provide an important means to understand groundwater seepage and solute transport problems. Basic hydrogeological parame- ters can be obtained for use in assessing groundwater resources. In current porous-media research, studies of side-wall flow are in a preliminary and qualitative phase, and lack systematic and comprehensive understanding. Side-wall flow refers to the non-uniform infiltration and solute transport that occurs near the seepage device boundary. Flow dynamics depends on the fluid under the specific hydraulic conditions, physical properties and chemical composition, medium permeability, the rough- ness of the side wall, geometric features, and physical chemistry. Such phenomena not only occur in indoor water flows and solute transport, but also under natural conditions in the field. Side-wall flow has features both in common as well as distinct from preferential flows. In porous-media experiments, once side-wall flow commences, it affects the groundwater flow field and chemistry field, resulting in parameter values deviating from actual values. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the influence of side-wail flow, a definition of the side-wall flow effect in porous media is given. Three directions of research are identified concern- ing side-wall flow： the mechanism of the side-wall flows effect, the study of its quantitative impact on seepage flow and solute transport, and the methods and measures that need to be taken in hydrogeological experiments to reduce （or prevent） side-wall flow development.     

离散型生产系统物流批量优化分析

本文从企业生产系统整体角度，分析了传统库存理论存在的问题，分析了离散型生产系统各环节物流量关系及其物流变化规律，以生产系统整体批量费用最小化为目标，建立了生产系统各环节物流经济批量新算法，为生产系统物流批量优化提供了新依据。     

纳米流体流动与传热过程的LBM并行计算

建立了描述纳米流体流动与传热过程的格子-Boltzmann模型,针对格子-Boltzmann方法（LBM）高度并行性的特点,用消息传递机制实现了平板间纳米流体流动与传热过程的LBM并行计算,分析了处理器数目与区域分解模式对计算效率的影响。结果表明,纳米粒子的微运动强化了流体与壁面以及流体内部的换热过程,LBM并行计算方法应用于纳米流体流动传热计算能够提高计算效率。     

Numerical analysis and centrifugal modeling of LNAPLs transport in subsurface system

The transport of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in unsaturated soils and groundwater is an important research topic in geo-environmental engineering. In this paper, the mechanism of light NAPLs (LNAPLs) transport in subsurface system is briefly introduced, and the mass transport equations, fluid flow equations, and the constitutive model of relative permeability - saturation - capillary pressure are discussed. Then the numerical method is introduced to simulate the multiphase flow problems in porous media, and the tempo-spatial distribution of LNAPLs is obtained. Moreover, different boundary conditions are employed in numerical simulation to investigate its effect on transport behavior. To verify the numerical data, centrifugal tests are conducted to model the LNAPLs migration in unsaturated soils and groundwater. The calculation results are agreeable with the experimental findings of centrifugal modeling, which indicates that LNAPLs from leaking point move downwards due to gravity force, and form a high concentration zone above the capillary fringe, and then spread out laterally along the groundwater table. Some LNAPL enters groundwater system to further migrate. The combination of numerical simulation and centrifuge modeling can be a useful means to study the transport behavior of LNAPLs in subsurface system.     

Localization of the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis on chromosome 5

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in the United Kingdom and other developed countries in the West. Although it is usually not familial, there is a rare dominantly inherited susceptibility to colon cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; also often previously called familial polyposis coli). During adolescence affected individuals develop from a few hundred to over a thousand adenomatous polyps in their large bowel. These are sufficiently likely to give rise to adenocarcinomas to make prophylactic removal of the colon usual in diagnosed FAP individuals. Adenomas may occur elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract and the condition is often associated with other extracolonic lesions, such as epidermoid cysts, jaw osteomata and fibrous desmoid tumours. Adenomata have been suggested to be precancerous states for most colorectal tumours. Knudson has suggested that the mutation for a dominantly inherited cancer susceptibility may be the first step in a recessive change in the tumour cells, and that the same gene may be involved in both familial and non-familial cases of a given tumour. Following up a case report of an interstitial deletion of chromosome 5 in a mentally retarded individual with multiple developmental abnormalities and FAP, we have now shown that the FAP gene is on chromosome 5, most probably near bands 5q21-q22.     

水及溶质在有大孔隙的土壤中运移机制研究进展

综述了水及溶质在有大孔隙的土壤中运移的实验和模型研究进展，指出：今后应通过大量的室内外实验和改进观测方法来获得大量的数据资料，从定性和定量两方面来研究大孔隙流；只有在参数的测定和一些量的确定技术解决以后，模型才能得到完善而达到实用的程度；为解决大孔隙系统流动过程中的高度非线性和非稳定性问题，需要新的模拟方法和数值计算方法；今后模拟研究的重点应是随机模型而不是确定性模型。     

螺旋流冲沙与输沙

水土流失与泥沙淤积是一个普通性的问题,水库泥沙严重淤积的原因是上游无永久有效的水保措施而自身又无完善的冲沙与输沙的设施,压力缝隙螺旋流具有流速高,水层薄,切力大,流程长,以及有利的压力分面等特点,可被应用于中冲刷淤积泥沙,在２ｍ水头下,其浓度可达４００～９００ｋｇ／ｍ＾３水平管螺流可应用“抬托”泥沙,使推移质容易地转变悬移质,从而可大幅度低流速,减小能被;为高浓度,低能耗,远距离输送泥沙提供一种新     

Chromosome 5 allele loss in human colorectal carcinomas

That the sporadic and inherited forms of a particular cancer could both result from mutations in the same gene was first proposed by Knudson. He further proposed that these mutations act recessively at the cellular level, and that both copies of the gene must be lost for the cancer to develop. In sporadic cases both events occur somatically whereas in dominant familial cases susceptibility is inherited through a germline mutation and the cancer develops after a somatic change in the homologous allele. This model has since been substantiated in the case of retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, acoustic neuroma and several other tumours, in which loss of heterozygosity was shown in tumour material compared to normal tissue from the same patient. The dominantly inherited disorder, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP, also called familial polyposis coli), which gives rise to multiple adenomatous polyps in the colon that have a relatively high probability of progressing to a malignant adenocarcinoma, provides a basis for studying recessive genes in the far more common colorectal carcinomas using this approach. Following a clue as to the location of the FAP gene given by a case report of an individual with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 5q, who had FAP and multiple developmental abnormalities, we have examined sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas for loss of alleles on chromosome 5. Using a highly polymorphic 'minisatellite' probe which maps to chromosome 5q we have shown that at least 20% of this highly heterogeneous set of tumours lose one of the alleles present in matched normal tissue. This parallels the assignment of the FAP gene to chromosome 5 (see accompanying paper) and suggests that becoming recessive for this gene may be a critical step in the progression of a relatively high proportion of colorectal cancers.