原子力显微镜针尖与样品间的材料转移

研究氮化硅针尖在十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷 (OTE) /云母表面的修饰过程。使用原子力 /摩擦力显微镜 ,以云母作为参考样品 ,研究了针尖在样品表面的修饰效应和修饰后针尖的清洁过程 ,并考察了湿度和载荷对针尖修饰效应的影响。修饰过程不是一个渐进的过程 ,在最初几次摩擦扫描中修饰较快 ,然后在 10～ 2 0次扫描后达到平衡态。在 OTE/云母表面修饰后的针尖在云母表面的摩擦力信号比修饰前针尖在云母表面的摩擦力信号小 ,并且大部分吸附在针尖表面的 OTE分子在云母表面的前 10次扫描中就被磨掉。相对湿度对针尖的修饰效应影响不大。在研究不同样品的摩擦性能时 ,尽量使用清洁针尖 ,并使用摩擦性能稳定的参考样品 (如云母 )来检测针尖的表面状态     

基于原子力显微镜的纳米级表面粗糙度测量

简要介绍了评定表面粗糙度参数的基准线及其主要的两个轮廓高度评定参数,详细阐述了重庆大学研制成功的一种高精度原子力显微镜--AFM.IPC-208B型机的工作原理及其系统结构,着重论述了它在纳米级表面粗糙度检测上的应用.以不锈钢为实验样品,观测了不锈钢表面的微观结构,通过专用的计算程序,对所采集到的表面数据进行了分析和处理,得到了该表面的两个轮廓高度评定参数Rz和Ra值,最后对实验结果进行了简要的分析.     

原子力显微镜实验教学设计

本文结合研究生实验课程教学的特点,就如何将原子力显微镜用于实验教学进行课程内容和教学方案设计进行了阐述,并应用于实验教学,取得了较好的效果,可以为同类实验课程的开设提供有益的参考。     

原子力显微镜观测DNA分子的表面沉积与扩展

原子力显微镜具有原子级分辨率,能够对生物样品进行观察.用原子力显微镜观察了DNA分子在Si、云母片及修饰过的云母片表面的沉积与扩展,对3种情况作了比较,用超声振荡方法可以有效地切断DNA分子链.     

利用原子力显微镜研究晶体缺陷

首次利用原子力显微镜研究晶体表面缺陷，给出了经腐蚀后的KTiOAsO4晶体表面铁电畴和位错蚀坑的清晰照片和定量信息。对实验结果和方法进行了讨论。指出这种实验方法具有放大倍数高，分辨率可达原子量级，可以给出物质表面结构的定量信息和立体图像等特点，并且具体探讨了利用原子力显微镜研究晶体表面缺陷的一些实验技术问题。     

原子力显微镜和扫描隧道显微镜兼容系统的研制

扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）和原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）由于具有原子量级的分辨率,所以在表面物理,化学,生物学领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。但是,扫描隧道显微镜只能观察导电样品,这就限制了它的应用范围。     

Ag离子注入聚合物表面形貌原子力显微镜观察及其特性研究

采用MEVVA离子注入机引出的Ag离子进行了聚酯薄膜改性研究,注入后的聚酯膜表面结构发生了很大的变化,用原子力显微镜观察了注入样品表面形貌的变化,表面粗糙度与注量密切相关。透射电子显微镜观察注入聚酯膜的横截面表明,随注量的增加,在注入层形成了纳米颗粒和富集的碳颗粒。这些颗粒增强了注入层表面强化效果。注入层表面电阻率随注量的增加而明显地下降,用纳米硬度计测量显示,Ag离子注入可明显地提高聚酯膜表面硬度和弹性模量,从而极大地增强了表面抗磨损特性。讨论了Ag离子注入聚酯膜改善特性的机理。     

原子力显微镜在癌细胞观察和研究中的应用

原子力显微镜(AFM),能够在接近生理条件下以具有原子级的分辨率对活细胞进行表面成像和超微结构观察,同时可以研究细胞的生物过程、细胞与药物之间和细胞之间的相互作用,成为细胞生物学研究的一种有效工具.近年来AFM在细胞生物学研究中的应用进展很快,许多研究成果在生物医学和临床医学方面有良好的应用前景.本文分析了原子力显微镜的成像机理、工作模式和技术要点,综述了原子力显微镜在癌细胞的研究应用现状和前景.     

原子力显微镜的原理及其在生命科学中的应用

本文简述了原子力显微镜的工作原理及其工作模式,并且阐述了每种工作模式的优缺点,着重介绍了原子力显微镜在生命科学中所发挥的重要作用,并指出了原子力显微镜在研究生物样品过程中所存在的问题,以及原子力显微镜在生命科学中的发展前景。     

Chemical identification of individual surface atoms by atomic force microscopy

Scanning probe microscopy is a versatile and powerful method that uses sharp tips to image, measure and manipulate matter at surfaces with atomic resolution. At cryogenic temperatures, scanning probe microscopy can even provide electron tunnelling spectra that serve as fingerprints of the vibrational properties of adsorbed molecules and of the electronic properties of magnetic impurity atoms, thereby allowing chemical identification. But in many instances, and particularly for insulating systems, determining the exact chemical composition of surfaces or nanostructures remains a considerable challenge. In principle, dynamic force microscopy should make it possible to overcome this problem: it can image insulator, semiconductor and metal surfaces with true atomic resolution, by detecting and precisely measuring the short-range forces that arise with the onset of chemical bonding between the tip and surface atoms and that depend sensitively on the chemical identity of the atoms involved. Here we report precise measurements of such short-range chemical forces, and show that their dependence on the force microscope tip used can be overcome through a normalization procedure. This allows us to use the chemical force measurements as the basis for atomic recognition, even at room temperature. We illustrate the performance of this approach by imaging the surface of a particularly challenging alloy system and successfully identifying the three constituent atomic species silicon, tin and lead, even though these exhibit very similar chemical properties and identical surface position preferences that render any discrimination attempt based on topographic measurements impossible.     

Mapping CD20 molecules on the lymphoma cell surface using atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to locate CD20 molecules on the surface of lymphoma Raji cells. Rituximab (a monoclonal antibody against CD20) molecules were linked onto the AFM tip via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. Raji cells were adsorbed onto glass slides coated with poly-L-lysine. First, the CD20 distribution in a local area of the cell surface was visualized using the AFM lift scan mode. Second, 16 × 16 force curves were obtained from the same cell area to construct the CD20-rituximab binding force map. Finally, free rituximab was added to block the CD20 molecules on the cell surface and the lift phase image and CD20-rituximab force map were obtained again. The experimental results indicated that when the lift height was greater than the length of the PEG linker, no recognition sites were observed in the lift phase image. However, as the lift height decreased to the length of the PEG linker, some recognition sites were observed in the lift phase image and these sites were generally consistent with the pixels in the force map. After blocking, both the recognition sites in the lift phase image and the gray pixels in the binding force map decreased markedly. These results can improve our understanding of the distribution of protein molecules on the cell surface and facilitate further investigations into cellular functions.     

Orientation of molecular interface dipole on metal surface investigated by noncontact atomic force microscopy

We investigated the orientations of interface dipole moments of individual non-planar titanyl phthalocyanine(TiOPc)molecules on Cu(111)and Cu(100)substrates using scanning tunneling microscope(STM)and noncontact atomic force microscope(NC-AFM).The dipole moment orientations corresponding to two different configurations of individual TiOPc molecules were determined unambiguously.The correlation between the actual molecular structures and the corresponding STM topographies is proposed based on the sub-molecular resolution imaging and local contact potential difference(LCPD)measurements.Comparing with the pristine substrate,the LCPD shift due to the adsorption of non-planar molecule is dependent on the permanent molecular dipole,the charge transfer between the surface and the molecule,and the molecular configurations.This work would shed light on tailoring interfacial electronic properties and controlling local physical properties via polar molecule adsorption.     

Numerical surface characterization of wear debris from artificial joints using atomic force microscopy

Study on surface features of wear particles generated in wear process provides an insight into the progress of material failure of artificial joints. It is very important to quantify the surface features of wear particles in three dimensions. In this study, a new approach using atomic force microscopy was proposed to carry out 3D numerical surface characterization of wear debris generated from artificial joints. Atomic force microscopy combined with image processing techniques was used to acquire appropriate 3D images of wear debris. Computerized image analysis techniques were then used to quantify surface texture features of wear debris such as surface roughness parameters and surface texture index. The method developed from the present study was found to be feasible to quantity the surface characterization of nanoand micro-sized wear debris generated from artificial joints.     

Magnetic exchange force microscopy with atomic resolution

The ordering of neighbouring atomic magnetic moments (spins) leads to important collective phenomena such as ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. A full understanding of magnetism on the nanometre scale therefore calls for information on the arrangement of spins in real space and with atomic resolution. Spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy accomplishes this but can probe only conducting materials. Force microscopy can be used on any sample independent of its conductivity. In particular, magnetic force microscopy is well suited to exploring ferromagnetic domain structures. However, atomic resolution cannot be achieved because data acquisition involves the sensing of long-range magnetostatic forces between tip and sample. Magnetic exchange force microscopy has been proposed for overcoming this limitation: by using an atomic force microscope with a magnetic tip, it should be possible to detect the short-range magnetic exchange force between tip and sample spins. Here we show for a prototypical antiferromagnetic insulator, the (001) surface of nickel oxide, that magnetic exchange force microscopy can indeed reveal the arrangement of both surface atoms and their spins simultaneously. In contrast with previous attempts to implement this method, we use an external magnetic field to align the magnetic polarization at the tip apex so as to optimize the interaction between tip and sample spins. This allows us to observe the direct magnetic exchange coupling between the spins of the tip atom and sample atom that are closest to each other, and thereby demonstrate the potential of magnetic exchange force microscopy for investigations of inter-spin interactions at the atomic level.     

基于ARMA模型的滑坡滑动力预测研究

为了更有效地降低滑坡灾害带来的损失、掌握滑坡滑动力变化情况,应用滑坡滑动力远程监测系统获得滑坡滑动力大小,根据滑动力时序变化特征,首次提出采用ARMA模型方法对其进行预测。通过以南芬露天铁矿2-1滑坡监测点滑动力时间序列为例进行研究,实现了该滑坡滑动力的短期预测。结果表明:预测值与实际值的误差率不超过3.5%,预测结果与实际情况符合较好,表明应用ARMA理论进行滑坡滑动力预测是可行的。     

Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization of nickel deposition on bacterial cells

Recently bacterial cells have become attractive biological templates for the fabrication of metal nano- structures or nanomaterials due to their inherent small size, various standard geometrical shapes and abundant source. In this paper, nickel-coated bacterial cells (gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli) were fabricated via electroless chemical plating. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization results reveal evident morphological difference between bacterial cells before and after deposition with nickel. The bare cells with smooth surface presented transverse outspreading effect at mica surface. Great changes took place in surface roughness for those bacterial cells after metallization. A large number of nickel nanoparticles were observed to be equably distributed at bacterial surface after activation and subsequent metallization. Furthermore, ultra thin section analytic results validated the presence and uniformity of thin nickel coating at bacte- rial surface after metallization.     

An atomic force microscopy study of coal nanopore structure

Coal nanopore structure is an important factor in understanding the storage and migration of absorbed gas in coal. A new method for studying coal nanopore structures is proposed. This idea is based on the nano-level resolution of atomic force microscopy, which can be employed to observe the structural features of coal nanopores clearly, conduct quantitative three-dimensional measurements and obtain structural parameters. Analysis results show that coal nanopores are mainly metamorphic pores and intermolecul...     

聚丙烯酸纳米微凝胶的表征

利用原子力显微镜（AFM）对聚丙烯酸纳米微凝胶的形态、结构进行了表征,单体浓度、交 联剂与单体摩尔比对聚丙烯酸微凝胶的粒径都有一定影响,在实验条件下均可得到粒径为20 ～60nm的微凝胶。加入夺氢型光引发剂BP-4进行二次聚合,可以得到大分子纳米凝胶引发剂,其粒径比一次聚合所得微凝胶增大10～20nm;二次聚合时加入N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAM）可得到50～90nm、表面包覆PNIPAM的纳米凝胶。     

Determination of hydration film thickness using atomic force microscopy

Surface forces between particles control phenomenasuch as dispersion, agglomeration, coatings, adhesion,wetting, friction, and polishing, which play a crucial rolein materials processing. The importance of surface forcesis more appreciated especially in colloidal processing,while materials in a colloidal state are frequently preferredin industrial processing operations (e.g., printing inks,toners, paints, skin creams, blood substitutes, gels used asdrug-delivery systems, etc.) because their lar…