担载Ni催化剂中Ni担载量及金属助剂对CH4与CO2重整反应活性的影响

考察了金属Ni担载量对Ni/Al2O3、Ni/MgO/Al2O3催化剂用于甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响,结果表明Ni担载量对反应活性的影响受反应温度的制约.在低担载量时,催化活性随Ni担载量的增加而增加,到3%时CH4及CO2转化率分别达到100%和88%;但对高担载量催化剂如20%Ni/MgO/Al2O3,高温时（＞1073K）因Ni的聚集等使反应器堵塞,导致活性骤降.与Ni/Al2O3相比,Ni/MgO/Al2O3具有更好的稳定性.助剂对催化活性及稳定性也有一定影响.各助剂对CH4转化的影响次序为La＞Mn＞Co＞Fe.助剂的加入有助于Ni催化剂稳定性的提高.     

SO2对NO催化氧化过程的影响Ⅰ. 载体的作用

研究了载体在SO2影响NO催化氧化过程中的作用，考察了反应温度为423K时，γ-Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2和SiO24种载体及其负载的Pt催化剂对NO的氧化性能，与SO2存在下的NO反应活性相比，只有γ－Al2O3及其负载的Pt催化剂上存在SO2促进NO氧化的现象。运用BET、XRD、IR及固体酸度测定等多种表征手段，对不同载体在反应前后的化学结构和表面性质进行了分析，并与反应过程相联系，证实SO2的吸附改变了γ－Al2O3的表面结构，有利于产物NO2的脱附；而对SO2吸附能力较弱的其他载体或催化剂，SO2的影响则不同。     

BaO、ZrO2对Al2O3热稳定性及其负载型催化剂反应活性的影响

用初湿浸渍法分别制备了BaO—Al2O3、ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体及MnO2／BaO—Al2O3、MnOx／ZrO2-Al2O3系列催化剂，考察了BaO、ZrO2对Al2O2热稳定性的影响及催化剂对甲烷燃烧的活性．结果表明：加入BaO、ZrO2提高了Al2O3的热稳定性，MnOx／BaO—Al2O3、MnO2／ZrO2-Al2O3对甲烷燃烧的催化活性明显高于MnOx／Al2O3．     

烟气直接还原脱硫催化剂研究

实验考察了Cr2O3、MoO3、WO3三种单组分氧化物催化剂，以及四种不同催化载体对SO2直接催化还原的影响，结果表明它们的活性相差很大，WO3的活性最差，MoO3的活性最高；具有酸碱双功能的γ-Al2O3载体是催化脱硫的最佳载体．此外，制备了三种双组分金属氧化物负载催化剂，其催化脱硫活性顺序是：Mo—Co／γ-Al2O3＞Mo—Fe／γ-Al2O3＞Mo—No／γ-Al2O3；Mo—Co双组分催化比单组分MoO3具有优越性，在250—400℃范围内，SO2脱除率达90％以上，不仅催化脱硫活性比较高，而且催化剂不易失活．     

催化燃烧VOCs的三种过渡金属催化剂的活性比较

利用浸渍法将过渡金属硝酸盐溶液沉积在γ—Al2O3上,通过焙烧制得三种过渡金属氧化物催化剂CuO／γ-Al2O3、CdO／γ-Al2O3和NiO／γ—Al2O3,通过催化燃烧销毁乙醇、丙酮和甲苯的实验,对催化剂活性进行了评价．实验结果表明,在催化剂作用下,三种挥发性有机化合物VOCs催化燃烧的起燃温度和完全燃烧温度都明显低于它们的燃点,其中CuO／γ-AlO3催化剂的催化活性优于CdO／γ—Al2O3和NiO／γ—A12O3催化剂,它对丙酮、乙醇和甲苯的催化起燃温度分别是180,190和230℃,另外对于催化燃烧VOCs,挥发性气体分子的极性越大就越容易被氧化。     

过渡金属原位掺杂Pt/TiO_2的喷雾燃烧制备及其CO氧化性能

CO催化氧化不仅是一种典型的多相催化反应模型,而且在气体净化方面也有许多实际用途。用喷雾燃烧一步法制备了TiO2负载Pt的催化反应体系,通过原位掺杂Fe、Mn元素来提高Pt/TiO2体系在CO催化氧化应用中的活性。系统考察了Fe、Mn掺杂后对产物的晶相、负载颗粒的大小和价态、载体表面氧种类以及体系表面还原性能的影响规律,研究了Fe、Mn等元素在催化反应过程的作用机理。结果表明,Fe、Mn掺杂于Pt/TiO2体系后,CO被完全氧化的温度降低了40℃,而且在通过Mn掺杂后,催化剂在30℃下的TOF值(单位时间内1mol催化剂上转化的反应底物的物质的量)提升了一个数量级,比增加相同质量比例的贵金属Pt表现出更高的催化活性,为低成本、高活性催化剂的设计和制备提供了新思路。     

担载Ni催化剂中Ni担载量及金属助剂对CH4与CO2重整反应活性的影响

考察了金属Ni担载量对Ni/Al2 O3、Ni/MgO/Al2 O3催化剂用于甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响 ,结果表明 :Ni担载量对反应活性的影响受反应温度的制约 .在低担载量时 ,催化活性随Ni担载量的增加而增加 ,到 3%时CH4及CO2 转化率分别达到 10 0 %和88% ;但对高担载量催化剂如 2 0 %Ni/MgO/Al2 O3,高温时 (>10 73K)因Ni的聚集等使反应器堵塞 ,导致活性骤降 .与Ni/Al2 O3相比 ,Ni/MgO/Al2 O3具有更好的稳定性 .助剂对催化活性及稳定性也有一定影响 .各助剂对CH4转化的影响次序为 :La >Mn >Co >Fe .助剂的加入有助于Ni催化剂稳定性的提高 .     

Mo-V-Co-O催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢性能研究

考察Mo2V1M0．5Ox(M=Co，Zr，Nb，Bi，Ni，Fe，Mn，Al，Sb，P，Nd，Te)系列催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢性能，其中，添加Co的催化剂表现出较好的催化活性和丙烯选择性．对催化剂的BET，XRD，H2-TPR和NH3-TPD表征结果表明，Co元素的添加，改变了催化剂的物相组成，氧化还原性和酸碱性质，从而提高了Mo2V1Co0．5Ox催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢性能．     

改性杂多酸催化剂的制备及其在甲缩醛合成中的催化活性

以A12O3、SiO2、TiO2、ZrO2、ZrO2-SiO2为载体制备了负载型磷钨杂多酸催化剂及CsxH3-xPWl2O40(X=1，l.5，2，2．5，3)磷钨杂多酸铯盐催化剂．考察了这些催化剂在甲酵与甲缩缩合制甲缩醛反应中的催化活性，结果表明：以SiO2、ZrO2、ZrO2-SiO2为载体制备的固载化杂多酸催化剂具有良好的催化活性，而A12O3、TiO2负载的杂多酸催化剂活性很差．杂多酸铯盐Cs2H3-xPWl2O40的催化活性则随Cs^ 离子含量的增加而升高，Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40给出最高的甲缩醛产率；但当H^ 离子完全被Cs^ 离子取代后，催化活性显著下降．     

碳化钨负载的S2O8^2—／ZrO2催化剂的表征与催化活性研究

研究了负载碳化钨对S2O8^2-／ZrO2(PSZ)固体超强酸催化剂(WC／PSZ)上正戊烷异构化反应性能的影响，并用BET、XRD和XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，PSZ在负载适量碳化钨后对正戊烷反应的活性和选择性显著提高，显示出优于Pt／PSZ等催化剂的效果，并且负载高比表面积的WC具有更高的催化活性．WC在高温焙烧后绝大部分被氧化为WO3，经H2活化后又被还原为W25O73为主的氧化钨，并且可能会形成一种氧化碳化物(WCxOy)产物．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the