Discovery of Middle Jurassic palaeontinids from Inner Mongolia, China (Homoptera: Palaeontinidae)

A new genus and three new species of fossil Palaeontinidae， Papilioncossus conchatus sp. nov., P. giganteus sp. nov.　and P. pteroideus sp. nov.， are described. All of them were collected from Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on distal part of forewing broader and longer than basal and Sc usually with branches, the new taxa are attributed to Palaeontinidae of Homoptera and compared with genus Pseudocossus. A key to species of Papilioncossus gen. nov. is provided. All type specimens are deposited in the Capital Normal University.     

Discovery of Middle Jurassic palaeontinids from Inner Mongolia, China (Homoptera: Palaeontinidae)

A new genus and three new species of fossil Palaeontinidae, Papilioncossus conchatus sp. nov., P. giganteus sp. nov. and P. pteroideus sp. nov., are described. All of them were collected from Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on distal part of forewing broader and longer than basal and Sc usually with branches, the new taxa are attributed to Palaeontinidae of Homoptera and compared with genus Pseudocossus. A key to species of Papilioncossus gen. nov. is provided. All type specimens are deposited in the Capital Normal University.     

Discovery of Cathaysiodendron Lee from the Early Carboniferous of Jingyuan, Gansu, western China

As one of the representative members of the Late Palaeozoic Cathaysian flora, Cathaysiodendron has been previously recorded from the Early Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in north China. The species of Cathaysiodendron presented here are from the lower member of Chouniugou Formation of Ciyao, Jingyuan, Gansu. The overlying marine beds yield fusulinids that are of Visean age in western Europe and conodonts of the Datang Stage in south China, so that the age of the bed containing Cathaysiodendron as Visean, Early Carboniferous, is well constrained. Such a record of Cathaysiodendron is significant in terms of Carboniferous phytogeography and the evolution of the Cathaysian Lepidophytes. A new species, Cathaysiodendron jingyuanense Wang & Wu sp. nov. is described and a second one mentioned.     

The first Sinomastodon (Gomphotheriidae, Proboscidea) skull from the Quaternary in China

The first Sinomastodon(Gomphotheriidae,Proboscidea) skull of the Early Pleistocene,collected from the Renzidong Cave deposits in Anhui Province,Eastern China,is described here as S.jiangnanensis sp.nov.As the only brevirostrine trilophodont gomphotheriid known from the Old World,Sinomastodon was mainly indigenous to China from the Early Pliocene to the Pleistocene.Compared with a few single Pleistocene teeth previously found in China,S.jiangnanensis sp.nov.is represented by a relatively complete skull,mandible and dentition,which is the first discovery of a Quaternary Sinomastodon skull from China.With a brevirostrine,elephant-like skull,no lower tusks,and simple bunodont and trilophodont intermediate molars,the new species is morphologically distinct from other gomphotheres and should belong to the genus Sinomastodon.The new species is more progressive than S.hanjiangensis and the Pliocene type species S.intermedius in its skull and mandible morphology,but is evidently more primitive than the Pleistocene S.yangziensis in its molar morphology.The faunal analysis suggests that the emergence of S.jiangnanensis sp.nov.in Jiangnan area and its southward migration may have been related to a cooling event at the beginning of the Quaternary in Eastern China.     

Molecular identification and phylogenetic position of Cuora yunnanensis

The Yunnan box turtle (Cuora yunnanensis, Boulenger, 1906), which has drawn much attention in conservation biology, was regarded as extinct since it was previously known only from 12 specimens collected in Yunnan, China, before 1908. Recently, live specimens have been discovered which are suggested to be C. yunnanensis. To determine whether the newly discovered specimens are really C. yunnanensis, we have established a molecular phylogeny, with a 1725-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA, using samples from three live individuals of C. yunnanensis, together with sequence data from a museum specimen of C. yunnanensis (MNHN 1907.10) and other members of the genus Cuora. We found that the three newly discovered individuals and the old museum specimen of C. yunnanensis are very similar both in morphology and in mitochondrial DNA sequence, suggesting that the three new individuals are the very C. yunnanensis, and thus the species is not extinct. Our phylogenetic analysis also demonstrates that C. yunnanensis is not of recent hybrid origin, but rather represents a distinct evolutionary lineage.     

Molecular identification and phylosenetic position of Cuora yunnanensis

The Yunnan box turtle （Cuora yunnanensis, Boulenger, 1906）, which has drawn much attention in conservation biology, was regarded as extinct since it was previously known only from 12 specimens collected in Yunnan, China, before 1908. Recently, live specimens have been discovered which are suggested to be C. yunnanensis. To determine whether the newly discovered specimens are really C. yunnanensis, we have established a molecular phylogeny, with a 1725-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA, using samples from three live individuals of C. yunnanensis, together with sequence data from a museum specimen of C. yunnanensis （MNHN 1907.10） and other members of the genus Cuora. We found that the three newly discovered individuals and the old museum specimen of C. yunnanensis are very similar both in morphology and in mitochondrial DNA sequence, suggesting that the three new individuals are the very C. yunnanensis, and thus the species is not extinct. Our phylogenetic analysis also demonstrates that C. yunnanensis is not of recent hybrid origin, but rather represents a distinct evolutionary lineage.     

Tingia unita sp. nov. （Noeggerathiales） with strobilus from the Lower Permian of Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China

A number of specimens recently collected from the Early Permian Shanxi Formation of Wuda, Inner Mongolia demonstrate that the leafy shoot and strobilus of Tingia unita sp. nov. are both sprouting from a common stem, and consequently improve our understanding of the whole plant mor- phology of this enigmatic taxon of the Cathaysian flora. The strobili are cylinder-like, 1.7-2.5 cm in diameter and over 20 cm in length, with a basal stalk 7―8 mm in width and about 7 cm long. Sporophylls are verticillate, with approximately 8-10 in a whorl. On the adaxial side of each sporophyll a sporangium is attached. The strobilus is heterosporous and the microspores are of the Punctatisporites type. Large leaves vary from linear to oblong with entire lateral margins but are slightly lobed at the apex. Small leaves are generally the same as the large leaves but much narrower. The whole plant is probably a small arborescent tree with leafy shoots and strobili forming a crown, rather than a water plant with larger leaves floating on the surface of the water as previously understood. Features of the new species are in favor of the close affinity between Tingia Halle and Noeg- gerathiales, and accordingly the affinity of Noeg- gerathiales to Progymnospermophyta.     

Computational algorithms for simulating the grain structure formed on steel billets using cellular automaton and chaos theories

The development of some computational algorithms based on cellular automaton was described to simulate the structures formed during the solidification of steel products. The algorithms described take results from the steel thermal behavior and heat removal previously calculated using a simulator developed by present authors in a previous work. Stored time is used for displaying the steel transition from liquid to mushy and solid. And it is also used to command computational subroutines that reproduce nucleation and grain growth. These routines are logically programmed using the programming language C++ and are based on a simultaneous solution of numerical methods (stochastic and deterministic) to create a graphical representation of different grain structures formed. The grain structure obtained is displayed on the computer screen using a graphical user interface (GUI). The chaos theory and random generation numbers are included in the algorithms to simulate the heterogeneity of grain sizes and morphologies.     

Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnodinium</Emphasis>-like species from the Chinese Coast

A Gymnodiniurn-like species was studied with light microscopy （LM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Also, the internal transcribed spacers （containing 5.8S rDNA） and large ribosomal subunit DNA （D1-D2） sequences were obtained by PCR amplification, and then sequenced to explore the relationships within our isolate, Gymnodinium and other Gymnodiniurn-like species, including Karenia, Gyrodinium, Karlodinium and Symbiodinium. The LM observation showed that the species was characterized by moving in a levorotatory direction, visible hypocone, epicone and transverse groove, all of which are typical for Gymnodinium. In addition, two flagella could be found under SEM. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate grouped with Symbiodium, rather than other relevant dinoflagellates. All results showed our isolate belongs to Symbiodium. The strain was isolated from a red tide water sample, denoting that Symbiodium may be causative species for algal bloom.     

A new species from an ornithuromorph（Aves： Ornithothoraces）dominated locality of the Jehol Biota

We report on a new species of ornithuromorph bird, Iteravis huchzermeyeri gen. et sp. nov., from the previously unreported Sihedang locality of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation, the oldest ornithuromorph bearing deposit in the world. Unlike most other Cretaceous localities, specimens from this new quarry are largely referable to Ornithuromorpha, similar to the Lower Cretaceous Aptian Xiagou Formation in Gansu Province. Also similar to the Xiagou avifauna, the fauna at Sihedang is largely dominated by a single taxon（described here）.Differences in faunal dominance may suggest the Sihedang records a unique ecological habitat. This may also explain the dominance of Gansus in the younger Xiagou Formation locality and suggests that previous hypotheses regarding the shift in dominance between Enantiornithes and Ornithuromorpha need to be reassessed in terms of potential ecological biases due to limited sampling. Furthermore, the recognition of an ornithuromorph dominated locality in the Sihedang significantly weakens the signal of such an inferred trend. Compared to most Jehol birds, the new specimen is relatively better preserved in three dimensions revealing morphological details of the skeleton, as well as preserves feather impressions including a rectricial morphology previously unknown among Mesozoic birds.     

厦门港骨条藻属的记述

对在厦门港采到的中肋骨条藻(Skeletorema costalum),江河骨条藻(S.potamo),曼氏骨条藻(S.muazelii)和热带骨条藻(S.tropicum)进行分类研究。     

长江口九段沙附近水体浮游植物的种类组成与数量分布

2005年9月对吴淞口至九段沙下沙近海水域的水体进行了浮游植物调查，结果表明，此调查区域共有浮游植物70属135种．其中硅藻种类最多，共42属82种，占总种数的60．8％；绿藻门14属24种；其他藻类14属29种．浮游植物的数量分布表现为：从吴淞口至江亚南沙段较低，九段沙上沙、中沙段显著高于其他采样点，在九段沙下沙近海水域出现了急剧下降的趋势．中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum（Grev．）Cleve）是调查区域的优势种，其数量占浮游植物总数量的平均百分比达到了71．8％．作者还对该区域浮游植物数量分布的影响因素进行了讨论．     

中国水云科的新记录Ⅰ

本文报导辽东半岛和山东半岛威海水云科藻类7种,其中水云属3种,费氏藻属1种,带绒藻属1种,扭线藻属2种,均为中国首次记录。     

云南蕨类植物区系新记录

根据云南大学蕨类植物标本室(PYU)保存的标本,报道4种云南蕨类植物分布新记录.它们分别是肾盖铁线蕨(Adiantum erythrochlamys Diels),疏羽铁角蕨(Asplenium subtenuifolium (Christ)Chinget S.H.Wu),光岩蕨(Woodsia glabella R.Br.apud Richards),耳羽岩蕨(Woodsia polystichoides Eaton).       

新疆禾本科野青茅属一新记录种——矮野青茅

笔者在整理和鉴定采自阿尔金山国家级自然保护区的植物标本时发现,该地区产的禾本科野青茅属一新疆新记录种,即矮野青茅Deyeuxia tibetica Bor var.przevalskyi(Tzvel.)P.C.Kuo et S.L.Lu。该变种为新疆迄今未曾记录过的新变种,现予以报道。     

中国松亚属三个种的C—带核型研究

报道了中国起源的松属三个种的胰酶—吉姆萨C—带核型.马尾松、油松、黄山松的中间带分别为34,24,24条,着丝粒带分别为18,20,20条,而对于一条染色体臂来说,最多出现一条或二条中间带.所有带纹的形态相似.而大小各异.在同一有丝分裂相中,中间带到着丝粒的距离相等(在仅出现一条带的臂上).三个种C—带在分布上的主要区别是:马尾松有一条染色体不显任何带,而油松和黄山松所有染色体均显带.     

长白山采集的中国东北新记录苔藓植物

在对中国和加拿大苔藓学者联合于中国东北最高的长白山采集的2千余份标本鉴定的基础上。认定有苔藓植物59科，152属，300种。报道了中国大陆新记录1属－小曲柄藓属（Campylostelium）。中国东北新记录2属－直蓑衣藓属（Macrocoma）和同叶藓属（Isopterygium）。中国东北新记录5种－褶叶裂叶苔（Lophozia incisa）。假狗牙藓（Cynodontium fallax）。细枝牛毛藓（Ditrichum gracile）。散叶牛毛藓（Ditrichum divarcatum）和细叶棉藓（Plagiothecium latebricola）。     

Cambrian trilobite Ovatoryctocara granulata Tchernysheva, 1962 and its biostratigraphic significance

The genus Ovatoryctocara Tchernysheva, 1962 and its key species Ovatoryctocara granulata Tchernysheva, 1962 are revised. Ovatoryctocara granulata occurs near the base of the Ovatoryctocara Zone and ranges up into the lower portion of the Kounamkites Zone in the Siberian Platform. O. granulata also appears in southeastern Guizhou, South China, but, O. granulata in northern Greenland may represent an indefinite species. Specimens of Ovatoryctocara from Newfoundland cannot be identified to species level. Specimens including two cranidia and three pygidia from the lower part of the Aoxi Formation at Yaxi Village, Shizhu Town, eastern Tongren, northeastern Guizhou, were previously assigned to O. granulata , which is now reassigned as a new species O. yaxiensis sp. nov. It bears following main features: glabella club-shaped, slightly expanded medially, with 4 pairs of lateral furrows, of which S1-S3 triangular pits, S4 shallow , connecting with axial furrow; shorter palpebral lobe situated a little anterior to midway of facial suture across the fixigenae, longer posterolateral area (exsag.); semielliptical pygidium consisting of seven axial rings with a terminal piece and with eight pairs of marginal tips giving a sawtooth-like shape of the lateral margins in dorsal view. Although O. granulata is a widely distributed species, the FAD of O. granulata, for a global stage boundary has still some disadvantages. First, its distribution is not as wide as that of Oryctocephalus indicus (Reed, 1910). Second, specimens of O. granulata are only common in Siberia. Third, the stratigraphic range of the species has not been studied in detail in all continents. Fourth, O. granulata is relatively small and easily affected by post-burial distortion. Last but not least, there exists obviously a facies change between the Ovatoryctocara Zone ( lower Amgan Stage; deeper water facies) and underlying Anabaraspis splendens Zone (Toyonian Stage; shallow water facies) in Siberian Platform. Nevertheless, the stratigraphic correlation utility of O. granulata in South China and Siberia is discussed.     

西北叶盲蝽区系调查一新种记述（半翅目：盲蝽科）

文章记述了我国西北地区半翅目盲蝽科叶盲蝽亚科的十九种昆虫，其中有一新种，多斑斜唇蝽Ｐｌａｇｉｏｇｎａｔｈｕｓｍｕｃｕｌｏｓｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ     

河北省牛舌藓科植物的分类研究

报道了河北省牛舌藓科植物3属8种1亚种,其中,河北新记录属1属:多枝藓属 Haplohymenium Dozy et Molk.;河北新记录种6种:长肋多枝藓H. longinerve (Broth.) Broth.,多枝藓H. sieboldii (Doz. et Molk.) Doz. et Molk.,暗绿多枝藓 H. triste (Ces. ex De Not.) Kindb.,单疣牛舌藓Anomodon abbreviatus Mitt., 尖叶牛舌藓A. giraldii C. Muell.和耳垂牛舌藓A.rugelii (C. Muell.) Keissl.依据标本编制了河北省牛舌藓科植物分属、分种检索表,并陈述了每种的中文名、拉丁文名、主要参考文献考证、生境及代表鉴定标本号,简要讨论了其生境、地理分布特点和分布类型.旨在为河北省乃至中国苔藓植物的系统研究及苔藓植物资源的开发利用提供可借鉴的资料. 所有研究标本保存于河北师范大学生命科学学院植物标本室(HBNU).