塔河凝析油防蜡剂的研制及防蜡效果评价

高含蜡原油加防蜡剂是改善原油低温流动性能和防止原油在管输过程中结蜡的主要方式之一.塔河油田凝析油析蜡点较高,在冬季地温较低时管道内有大量蜡结晶析出,给管道的安全运行带来隐患.根据塔河凝析油的基本物性,研制了高分子防蜡剂SMAE18,考察了该防蜡剂的最佳加剂条件,并对其在不同条件下的防蜡效果进行了室内实验评价.实验结果表明:该防蜡剂对塔河凝析油具有较好的防蜡效果,但异常降温和短时间的高速剪切作用使其防蜡效果严重降低.加剂塔河凝析油的析蜡点从23℃降为18℃,黏度也下降了30.1%,说明SMAE18防蜡剂也有效地改变了塔河凝析油的低温流动性能.     

阿尔伯特凹陷KF油田原油地球化学特征及来源

阿尔伯特凹陷KF油田原油来源尚没有清晰认识。通过分析油田原油轻烃、饱和烃和芳烃等地球化学特征,对该油田原油来源及成因做了探讨。结果表明,KF油田原油为生烃高峰初期的产物,主要来自弱氧化-还原沉积环境的湖相烃源岩,有机质以Ⅰ~Ⅱ为主;在阿尔伯特凹陷上中新统烃源岩段是区域主力烃源岩。阿尔伯特凹陷上中新统烃源岩的证实说明东非裂谷西支新生代裂谷有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

高凝油藏中蜡沉积对开发效果的影响

针对高凝油注水开发中蜡析出造成孔隙堵塞、渗透率下降这一问题,推导蜡沉积量与孔隙度、渗透率变化关系,建立水驱油藏渗流场与蜡沉积的耦合模型,对比地表水常温及适当升温(25、35、45、55、65℃)注入时,含水饱和度分布及孔隙度、渗透率降低情况。结果表明:注入冷水导致近井地带温度降至析蜡点以下,蜡晶颗粒大量析出,地层采出水(45℃,不加热)回注时,注水1 a后水井附近30 m温度受到影响,平均累积沉积量约占孔隙体积的4%;随着温度降低,含水饱和度前缘跃变程度减弱,渗透率与初始渗透率比值由93%降到72%;地层冷伤害随时间延长加剧,但增加速率逐渐减小,并逐渐向油层深部推进。     

预脱蜡对油页岩干馏炼油的影响

以吉林桦甸油页岩为研究对象。通过用有机溶剂单级萃取的方法在油页岩干馏前脱蜡。脱蜡后的油页岩样在试验初温20℃,试验终温520℃,升温速率10℃/min,终温停留时间30 min,进行油页岩干馏试验研究。为了研究脱蜡对页岩油品质的影响规律,对桦甸页岩油性质进行了测试,包括馏程、元素分析等,并进行深入分析。研究结果表明,脱蜡对页岩油的各项品质是有一定影响的,油页岩干馏前脱蜡对油页岩含油率影响不大且用苯溶剂萃取后的油页岩还比未萃取的页岩含油率略高;而且脱蜡能提升页岩油中的轻馏分组分。通过元素分析的数据变化也可以看出预脱蜡有利于提高页岩油的质量。     

用差示扫描量热法确定原油的含蜡量

应用DSC热分析技术得到了原油析蜡过程的热谱图 ,测定出了原油的析蜡点、析蜡高峰点、析蜡热焓等特性参数。给出了根据DSC实验结果计算原油含蜡量和一定温度区间内原油析蜡量的方法。分别对大庆、中原、胜利油田的原油进行了DSC热分析实验 ,根据其DSC热谱图计算了 3种原油的含蜡量以及不同温度区间内的原油析蜡量。其计算结果与采用RIPP 90方法 (氧化铝吸附法 )的测量结果对比表明 ,二者吻合较好 ,从而验证了DSC方法的可靠性。计算原油含蜡量方法的关键是选取DSC热谱图基线及确定蜡的平均结晶热。蜡的平均结晶热与原油中蜡的分子结构、碳数值等因素有关。胜利原油蜡的平均结晶热取 2 15J/g ;对未知分子结构的原油 ,建议蜡的平均结晶热取为 2 10J/g。     

High molecular weight (C35+)n-alkanes of Neogene heavily biodegraded oil in the Qianmiqiao region, North China

With wax content of 1.62%, heavy oil has been produced from the sandstone reservoirs of Neogene Guantao Formation (Ng1Ⅲ). In the GC and GC-MS RIC profiles of its aliphatic fraction, n-alkanes are totally lost, which shows the result of heavy biodegradedation. However, the remaining trace C13-C36 n-alkanes can be still seen from its m/z 85 mass chromatogram. In addition, a complete series of C35-C73 high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes was detected by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC). The HMW n-alkane series shows a normal distribution pattern, a major peak at nC43, obvious odd-carbon-number predominance, CPI37-55 and OEP45-49 values up to 1.17 and 1.16-1.20 respectively. The present study not only has conformed the strong resistibility of HMW n-alkanes to biodegradation in crude oils as concluded by previous researchers, but also has provided some significant information on source input and maturity for the heavily biodegraded oil in the Qianmiqiao region.     

基于新型Couette结蜡装置的长庆原油结蜡特性及模型建立

利用自行研发的Couette结蜡装置考察壁面油温、油壁温差、壁面剪切等因素对长庆原油蜡沉积速率的影响;通过FLUENT软件模拟结蜡装置内部的流场及温度场,得到结蜡筒壁面处黏度、温度梯度、剪切应力等参数,建立适合长庆原油的蜡沉积模型。结果表明:不同油温、油壁温差、样品筒转速条件下,主导长庆原油蜡沉积速率的内在因素依次为壁面处的蜡晶溶解度系数、壁面处的温度梯度和壁面处的剪切应力;数值模拟结果与实际管线的流场、温度场分布规律相吻合;模型计算值与试验测量值的平均误差为6.47%。试验结果较好地反映了长庆原油的蜡沉积特性,验证了装置的可靠性、算法的可行性和研究方法的可推广性。     

高吸油树脂的开发与应用前景

高吸油树脂是一种与一般吸油材料不同的自溶胀型吸油材料 .本文简单介绍了高吸油树脂的开发及其发展前景 ,并对其吸油机理做了简要叙述 .     

High molecular weight (C35 +) n-alkanes of Neogene heavily biodegraded oil in the Qianmiqiao region, North China

With wax content of 1.62%, heavy oil has been produced from the sandstone reservoirs of Neogene Guantao Formation (Ng1^Ⅲ). In the GC and GC-MS RIC profiles of its aliphatic fraction, n-alkanes are totally lost, which shows the result of heavy biodegradedation. However, the remaining trace C₁₃－C₃₆ n-alkanes can be still seen from its m/z 85 mass chromatogram. In addition, a complete series of C₃₅－C₇₃ high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes was detected by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC). The HMW n-alkane series shows a normal distribution pattern, a major peak at nC₄₃, obvious odd-carbon-number predominance, CP_I37—55 and OEP_45—49 values up to 1.17 and 1.16—1.20 respectively. The present study not only has conformed the strong resistibility of HMW n-alkanes to biodegradation in crude oils as concluded by previous researchers, but also has provided some significant information on source input and maturity for the heavily biodegraded oil in the Qianmiqiao region.     

高矿化度油藏微生物分布特征

为了调查跃进油区油藏中的微生物分布状况,进而指导微生物采油技术研究。采用MPN三管法对五个油藏的23个油田采出水样品进行了六大类功能菌的检测工作。六大类功能菌分别为烃氧化菌(HOB)、厌氧发酵菌(FMB)、硝酸盐还原菌(NRB)、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌(TGB)和产甲烷菌(PMB)。实验结果分析显示,油砂山、花土沟、尕斯油藏具有本源微生物激活潜力,七个泉、跃西油藏微生物含量少,不具备本源微生物激活的潜力。在23个水样中普遍存在六大类功能菌,用丰度值表示了各类微生物的在不同水样中的分布情况。     

高温处理对茴香精油含量及其成分组成比例的影响

为了研究高温处理对茴香果实精油的影响,设40℃、60℃、80℃3个温度处理,并以室温(25℃)为对照,处理7 d后,提取精油进行分析.结果表明:随着温度的升高,精油含量与主要成分(反式-茴香脑)的相对含量均呈先升高再降低的趋势,其中精油含量依次为0.93、3.04和3.17和1.51ml.(100g)-1,反式-茴香脑的相对含量依次为80.31%、91.10%、91.25%和89.85%.     

高效液相色谱法测定蒜油中大蒜素的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定蒜油中的大蒜素含量。方法:蒜油样品经正己烷溶液溶解,采用C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5um),以乙腈∶水∶四氢呋喃(68∶30∶2)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,柱温:25℃,用紫外检测器在225nm波长下测定蒜油中大蒜素含量。结果:大蒜素在16.0～80.0ug/mL质量浓度范围内具有良好线性关系(r=0.9998),最低检出限为2ng/mL,在低、中、高3个水平下的加标回收率为98.4%～99.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD%)为0.29%～0.73%。结论:该方法前处理操作简便、灵敏度高、适用范围广。     

基于蒸发、溶解和生物降解效应的改进的油粒子模型

针对油粒子模型仅考虑油粒子的随流输运、随机游走过程而忽略溢油风化作用的缺陷,对现有模型进行了修正,建立了考虑蒸发、溶解、生物降解效应的改进的油粒子模型。构造典型案例,对改进前、后油膜厚度预测结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,油膜厚度受溢油风化过程影响较为显著;对于不同规模的溢油量,改进前后油膜厚度差值随着溢油量的增加逐渐增大;对于相同规模的溢油量,改进前后预测厚度差值由中心向四周呈减小趋势。     

絮凝法处理油田高含盐含油废水的试验

针对陕北油田高含盐、含油有机废水的特点 ,介绍了适用于处理该类废水的高效、廉价的复合型絮凝剂 XG2 1 3。试验表明 ,采用 XG2 1 3絮凝剂处理后的废水 ,其水质达到了油田回注水的标准。     

高凝油油藏SMG可动微凝胶深部调驱技术研究与应用

针对高凝油油藏注水开发中存在油藏水淹严重、注水波及不均等突出问题,系统开展了SMG可动微凝胶调驱体系性能评价.并对SMG调驱体系胶团尺寸、注入量、注入浓度等参数进行优化设计.现场试验结果证明,SMG调驱可以有效实现油藏深部调驱.该技术可为同类油藏进一步改善开发效果提供借鉴.     

胜坨油田特高含水期储层岩石物理相研究

应用沉积岩石微相与成岩储集相叠加法对胜坨油田沙二段 14,2 3 小层进行了岩石物理相分类及储集层综合评价 ,并研究了储层孔隙网络非均质性、岩石物理相带对剩余油的控制作用。研究结果表明 ,14小层岩石物理相可划分为 6类 ;2 3 小层可划分为 5类。各类岩石物理相之间的储集性能有明显差别。对特高含水期不同岩石物理相带的剩余油分布的分析表明 ,14小层的第 4类和 2 3 小层的第 3类岩石物理相带的剩余油饱和度最高 ,说明在相同成因的储集层中 ,中等物性的岩石物理相带的非均质现象较严重 ,其剩余油较富集 ,因而在此相带布井采油 ,油井含水率比同期老井降低 13.1% ,这进一步说明用岩石物理相来预测特高含水期的剩余油分布是可行的。     

双城气田扶余油层高分辨率等时地层格架建立

建立高分辨率等时地层格架对认识地下单砂体展布规律、研究储层非均质性及分析注采矛盾的岩性油气藏勘探和开发具有重要的地质意义。通过对双城气田扶余油层进行高分辨率层序地层学研究,制定了沉积单元划分原则、对比方法;优选出了分层标准井,建立了封闭主干对比剖面。首次进行了约54000井层次的整体、统一、精细的沉积单元划分与对比,把研究区扶余油层划分为3砂组17小层39个沉积单元,从而建立起了高分辨率等时地层格架。     

Constraints on the diversity of crude oil types in the Lunnan Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China

Hydrocarbons, include heavy oils, normal oils, waxy oils and light oils, condensate oils and gases were all found in Lunnan Oilfield, the occurrences of hydrocarbons with complicated physical properties indicates a complicated distribution of reservoirs. By the drilling data, the distribution pattern had been found that, in plan view, the density of crude oils in the western part is heavier than that of oils in the eastern part in Lunnan region, namely the crude oils were mainly found in the western part while the natural gases were mainly found in the eastern, which shows that an obvious differentiation in the east and west part was presented in the Lunnan region. Furthermore, in vertical view, the light hydrocarbons were mainly found in the Carboniferous reservoir while the heavier hydrocarbons were mainly found in the Ordovician and Triassic reservoirs. By analysis of the semi-logarithm distribution of n-alkanes, biomarker ratios and stable carbon isotopic compositions of crude oils, we have found that two oil families and discontinuous distribution were presented in hydrocarbons in Lunnan Oilfield. This kind of discontinuous distribution of geochemical parameters was not from continuous fractionation in migration process. The biodegraded heavy oil reservoirs in western part belong to the lower matured oil family, while the light or condensate oils reservoirs belong to higher matured oil family. Thus, a mixed filling of hydrocarbons was occurred in the middle part in Lunnan Oilfield and resulted in the occurrence of waxy oil. The mixed filling model may help to explain the distribution pattern of hydrocarbon reservoirs in Lunnan Oilfield, especially can lead to a relatively consistent explanation for all kinds of geochemical data, such as physical properties, pyrrolic nitrogen compounds, biomarker parameters and stable carbon isotopic compositions.     

涠洲A油田流沙港组一段Ⅱ油组沉积微相及优质储层预测研究

通过岩性、粒度、沉积构造和测井相分析,并结合区域地质认识对涠洲A油田流沙港组一段Ⅱ油组的沉积微相进行研究,明确了研究区为扇三角洲沉积,主要发育扇三角洲前缘辫状水道、辫流坝、河口坝、席状砂和水道间沉积微相,并通过“点-线-面”的研究思路得到了其沉积微相平面展布,同时还探讨了其沉积模式和演化规律。通过将L₁Ⅱ油组砂岩厚度图、沉积微相图、物性分布图三者进行叠合,进而得到其优质储层展布范围,为油田后续储层地质建模、开发方案的制定、调整和优化提供理论依据。     

注蒸汽开发后期稠油藏火驱高温燃烧特征

新疆稠油主体开发区已进入蒸汽开发后期,需要转换开发方式,进一步提高采收率。筛选A1油藏开展火驱开发技术评价研究。分析测试结果表明,试验区经历烟道气驱、产量上升2个阶段后,进入稳产阶段;产出气体中CO2体积分数稳定在13.0%以上,原油改质作用明显、物性"一升四降";同时,氧气利用率保持在93%以上,视氢碳原子比为1.37。注蒸汽开发后期稠油藏成功实现火驱高温燃烧。