Synthesis of ecdyson-14C and ecdysterone-14C from cholesterol-14C in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) without molting glands

Summary The synthesis of molting hormone of cockroaches of which the prothoracic glands had previously been extirpated was investigated after injection of cholesterol-¹⁴C. It could be proved by means of radio thin-layer chromatography of extracts that ecdysterone and in small amounts ecdysone, are synthesized in Periplaneta americana larvae without prothoracic glands. The results demonstrate that other tissues are also able to perform the molting hormone besides the molting gland itself.Supported by the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig.     

Uptake of glusose-C14 and fructose-C14 by buffalo spermatozoa in extenders during cold storage

Buffalo spermatozoa exhibit insignificant uptake of glucose-C14 and fructose-C14 when semen samples were preserved in cold for 96 h in 2 extenders. Incorporation of C14 in spermatozoa, TCA precipitable proteins and soluble sugar phosphates was either equal or less in semen samples preserved in cold. CAW appeared to be a better extender than SKMEY as revealed by sugar uptake in cold.     

DDT: The degradation of ring-labeled14C-DDT to14CO2 in the rat

Summary Ring fission ofp, p-DDT was studied in the rat following a single oral dose of 0.74 mg/kg (1.04 Ci) of uniformly ring-labeled¹⁴C-DDT. Expired air was passed through a solution of ethanolamine-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (12) to trap¹⁴CO₂. A total of 1.6% of the radioactivity administered was recovered in the expired air collected continually for 10 days, indicating that while degradation of the phenyl moiety is not a major route pfp, p-DDT metabolism in the rat, it is equal to the urinary excretion. Nevertheless, these results represent the most radical change accomplished in vivo of a residual insecticide yet reported in mammals.Acknowledgment. We acknowledge the secretarial work of Ms.Elaine Smolko. This study was supported by NIH fellowship No. 1 F22 ES01723-01 and No. HL16264.     

Uptake of glucose-C14 and fructose-C14 by buffalo spermatozoa in extenders during cold storage

Summary Buffalo spermatozoa exhibit insignificant uptake of glucose-C¹⁴ and fructose-C¹⁴ when semen samples were preserved in cold for 96 h in 2 extenders. Incorporation of C¹⁴ in spermatozoa, TCA precipitable proteins and soluble sugar phosphates was either equal or less in semen samples preserved in cold. CAW appeared to be a better extender than SKMEY as revealed by sugar uptake in cold.Acknowledgment. We are indebted to Dr D. Sundaresan, Director, for his kind encouragement in this study.     

DDT: the degradation of ring-labeled 14C-DDT to 14CO2 in the rat.

Ring fission of p, p'-DDT was studied in the rat following a single oral dose of 0.74 mg/kg (1.04 muCi) of uniformly ring-labeled 14C-DDT. Expired air was passed through a solution of ethanolamine-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (1:2) to trap 14CO2. A total of 1.6% of the radioactivity administered was recovered in the expired air collected continually for 10 days, indicating that while degradation of the phenyl moiety is not a major route of p,p'-DDT metabolism in the rat, it is equal to the urinary excretion. Nevertheless, these results represent the most radical change accomplished in vivo of a residual insecticide yet reported in mammals.     

DPH-induced macrocytosis in the 14-day rat foetus

Summary Phenytoin injected in the pregnant rat induces in the 14-day-old foetus macrocytosis of the primitive red blood cells which is sometimes linked with limb haemorrhages. The action of the drug is possibly the result of a blood circulation disturbance.     

DPH-induced macrocytosis in the 14-day rat foetus

Phenytoin injected in the pregnant rat induces in the 14-day-old foetus macrocytosis of the primitive red blood cells which is sometimes linked with limb haemorrhages. The action of the drug is possibly the result of a blood circulation disturbance.     

Dominant lethal mutations induced by14C in mice

Summary The mutagenic potential of 1.0 Ci¹⁴C was evaluated in Swiss albino male mice by the dominant lethal assay. A significant increase in post-implantation loss was seen, the maximum being in the 3rd week after treatment.Authors express their thanks to University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for financial assistance.     

The lateral transport of indoleacetic acid-C14 in geotropism

Zusammenfassung Die Hypothese, dass eine geotropische Reizung von Hafer-Koleoptilen eine Querverschiebung des Wuchsstoffes zur Folge hat, ist mit radioaktiver-Indolylessigsäure (Indol-CH₂C¹⁴OOH) bestätigt worden. Das Verhältnis der aus der oberen und der unteren Flanke von Koleoptil-Zylindern mit Agarblöckchen abgefangenen Indolylessigsäure wurde gleich 40:60 gefunden.Die Ursache dafür, dass dieser Effekt in längshalbierten Koleoptilen nicht festgestellt worden ist, liegt im grossen Anteil nicht transportierten Auxins in den Koleoptilen.

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This work was supported by a National Science Foundation predoctoral fellowship toBarbara Gillespie and by a grant from the National Science Foundation, No. G-9084, to ProfessorK. V. Thimann.     

The incorporation of 8-14C-adenine and 8-14C-guanine into PNA ofRhodospirillum rubrum

Zusammenfassung Das molare Verhältnis von Guanin zu Adenin in PNA vonR. rubrum ist 1,23. Ganze Zellen vonR. rubrum verbinden sich mit¹⁴C-Adenin in gleichem Mengenverhältnis zu PNA-Adenin und -Guanin, mit¹⁴C-Guanin aber fast ausschliesslich zu PNA-Guanin.     

Untersuchungen über die alkylierende Wirkung von14C-Methylnitrosoharnstoff und 1-14C-Äthylnitrosoharnstoff

Summary Alkylation of RNA from brain, liver and kidney in rats after application of¹⁴C-methylnitrosourea and 1-¹⁴C-ethylnitrosourea was investigated. After administration of¹⁴C-methylnitrosourea the amount of 7-methylguanine in the RNA of brain and liver is about the same. Analogic experiments using 1-¹⁴C-ethylnitrosourea showed no alkylation of the RNA in the organs investigated. This leads to the conclusion that there is no direct correlation between the alkylation of RNA and organotropic carcinogenic activity of the compounds studied.

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Herrn Professor Dr.O. Eichler zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Gastric excretion of C14-nicotine

Zusammenfassung Der Übertritt von C¹⁴-Nicotin aus der Magenschleimhaut von Mäusen, Ratten und Katzen in den Mageninhalt wurde autoradiographisch und mit Radioaktivitätsmessungen untersucht. Perfusionsversuche des Rattenmagens in situ ergaben eine pH-abhängige Nikotinausscheidung. Chromatographisch wurde die ausgeschiedene Radioaktivität teils im Nikotin selber, teils im Abbauprodukt Cotinin nachgewiesen.

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This investigation was supported by grants from Svenska Tobaks AB and the American Medical Association.     

Lipid characterization and 14C-acetate metabolism in catfish taste epithelium

The catfish, Ictalurus punctatus is an important model system for the study of the biochemical mechanisms of taste reception. A detailed lipid analysis of epithelial tissue from the taste organ (barbel) of the catfish has been performed. Polar lipids account for 62 +/- 1% of the total, neutrals for 38 +/- 1%. Phosphatidyl-cholines, serines and ethanolamines are the major constituents of the polar fraction. Plasmalogen concentration is high relative to that of non-neural tissues. [14C]-Acetate is incorporated into cell lipid fractions after incubation of barbel tissue at 37 degrees C for 60 min. Percentage amounts of most lipids change with time during this in vitro incubation. The phospholipids are the most metabolically active fractions. This work yields information for continuing reconstitution experiments and indicates that the taste epithelium of this important model system is a metabolically active tissue capable of supporting lipid turnover/synthesis.     

14-3-2 protein in rat brain synapses

Summary The distribution of the 14-3-2 protein in rat brain synapses was studied by immuno electron microscopy. The protein was localized to the postsynaptic web and to the postsynaptic membrane, but was also prominent both in the presynaptic membrane and in the presynaptic densities. No significant activity was observed in the synaptic vesicles.Acknowledgments. Our sincere thanks to Mrs Ulla Svedin, Eng., for skilled technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Medical Faculty of Göteborg, Tore Nilson's Foundation for Medical Research and by the Swedish-Italian Group of Neurobiology. A. G. received financial support from Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR, ROME).     

Lipid characterization and14C-acetate metabolism in catfish taste epithelium

Summary The catfish,Ictalurus punctatus is an important model system for the study of the biochemical mechanisms of taste reception. A detailed lipid analysis of epithelial tissue from the taste organ (barbel) of the catfish has been performed. Polar lipids account for 62±1% of the total, neutrals for 38±1%. Phosphatidyl-cholines, serines and ethanolamines are the major constitutents of the polar fraction. Plasmalogen concentration is high relative to that of non-neural tissues. [¹⁴C]-Acetate is incorporated into cell lipid fractions after incubation of barbel tissue at 37°C for 60 min. Percentage amounts of most lipids change with time during this in vitro incubation. The phospholipids are the most metabolically active fractions. This work yields information for continuing reconstitution experiments and indicates that the taste epithelium of this important model system is a metabolically active tissue capable of supporting lipid turnover/synthesis.This work was supported in part by NIH Research Grant No. NS-23622, NS-22620, and by the Veterans Administration.