海藻酸钠/壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及性能

利用海藻酸钠(SA)聚阴离子及壳聚糖(CS)聚阳离子电解质的性质,以顺铂(DDP)为模型药,采用乳化交联法制备海藻酸钠-DDP缓释微球,根据静电吸附原理合成SA/DDP/CS复合载药微球.研究微球对药物分子的包载能力及释药特性.结果显示,制备的微球圆整,载药微球表面致密且分散性好,微球粒径在11.0～58.8μm之间,采用原子吸收分光光度计对载药微球的载药率、药物包封率和药物体外释放性质进行了测试和分析,结果表明载药微球缓释效果明显,减少了药物的投放量和投放次数,降低了毒副作用.     

载表阿霉素聚乳酸微球的制备及性质研究

表阿霉素是广谱的抗肿瘤药物,为了减少给药量,降低药物的毒副作用,并达到缓慢释放的目的,本研究以Span-80和Tween-80复合乳化剂为初乳乳化剂,以聚乙烯醇水溶液为复乳乳化剂,采用复乳-溶剂挥发法制备了聚乳酸载药微球,并分别用激光粒度分析仪,光学显微镜,透射电子显微镜,扫描电子显微镜以及激光共聚焦显微镜对微球微观形态进行了表征.通过优化实验,所得载表阿霉素聚乳酸微球粒径2-5μm,载药率最高可达到4.39%,包封率达37.2%,72h体外累积释放量为34.9%,具有明显的缓释效果.本研究制备了表阿霉素缓释新剂型,为进一步的动物实验、临床实验和临床应用提供了有价值的参考数据,有很好的应用前景.     

基于高压静电技术的戊唑醇/乙酸纤维素缓释剂的制备与性能研究

以戊唑醇(TBA)为模型药物,可生物降解的乙酸纤维素(CA)为载体材料,利用高压静电技术,制备了载药微球和载药纳米纤维缓释剂,并对载药微球和载药纳米纤维的释放过程进行了研究,同时采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪对载药微球和载药纳米纤维的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,在缓释剂制备过程中,CA溶液浓度对载药缓释剂的形貌有较大的影响,CA溶液质量分数为4%时,制得的缓释剂为球形结构; CA溶液质量分数为15%时,制得的缓释剂为纳米纤维结构。载药微球和载药纳米纤维均具有一定的缓释性能,对白色念珠菌具有明显的抗菌效果。     

羟基丁酸与羟基辛酸共聚物载阿霉素缓释纳米微球的研究

利用新型生物可降解羟基丁酸与羟基辛酸共聚物(PHBHOx)为材料,用超声乳化法制备载药纳米微球,响应面分析法(RSM)优化制备工艺,激光粒度分析仪测定纳米微球平均粒径;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察纳米微球的形态特征及粒径大小.用MTT法进行载药纳米微球体外抑制肿瘤细胞试验.表明最佳制备条件为PHBHOx(1.0 g)与阿霉素质量比25 : 1,Tween-80为0.079 g,Span-80为0.016 g、超声波处理时间为3 min,聚乙烯醇为0.38 g,得到平均粒径大小为320 nm,载药量为3.2%,包封率为77.5%的载药纳米微球.     

磁流体联合药物缓释载体介导的肿瘤磁感应热化疗

化学共沉淀法制备磁感应热疗用纳米介质——氨基硅烷修饰的磁流体,超声乳化法制备担载多西紫杉醇的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸纳米缓释微球,对二者进行理化表征,并将二者作为磁感应热化疗复合介质进行系统性研究。红外光谱分析磁纳米粒子表面已经成功修饰氨基硅烷,热重分析表明氨基硅烷包封率为2.5%～3%,透射电镜观察磁纳米粒子粒径约为10nm,振动样品磁强计验证磁流体为超顺磁性,体外升温实验表明该纳米颗粒在交变磁场下具有良好的升温能力。扫描电镜观察高分子载药微球具有规则的形态,Zeta电位检测微球表面呈负电性,差示扫描量热仪分析多西紫杉醇在纳米微球内以非晶体形式存在,高效液相分析载药高分子缓释微球具良好的缓释性能,细胞热化疗实验发现磁流体联合载药缓释微球具有良好的热协同效应。研究初步表明,磁流体-高分子载药微球是一种有效的磁感应热化疗复合介质。     

拉米夫定-海藻酸钠/壳聚糖核壳结构微球的制备及释药性能

应用反相乳液分散-离子键合法,以戊二醛(GD)为交联剂制备负载拉米夫定的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球(LAMV-SALG/CS).利用拉米夫定的氨基与海藻酸钠的羧基形成弱酸弱碱盐键,使该药物被稳定包覆在微球内层,再以交联壳聚糖作为微球外层而形成具有核壳结构的复合微球.对微球的理化性质及释药性能进行表征及研究.结果表明,制备的LAMV-SALG/CS微球形貌规整,平均粒径约为2μm.测得微球载药质量分数为11.6%,药物包封率为70.3%;CS的活性氨基和戊二醛的羰基结合,形成交联网络,药物被包覆在微球中,且以单分子形式存在.体外模拟释放结果表明,微球释药性能良好,释药平缓,在酸性介质中累积释药率为27%时,其释药周期长达82 h;随制备微球时SALG浓度增大,药物释药速率减缓;在酸性介质中释药速率大于碱性介质;碱性介质合成的微球其释药速率快于弱酸性和弱碱性介质中合成的微球.     

负载丝裂霉素C的聚乳酸微球制备及细胞生长抑制作用研究

利用单乳化溶剂挥发法制备负载丝裂霉素C（MMC）的聚乳酸（PLA）载药微球. 优化载药微球的制备条件,当药物与载体聚合物比例为10:90时,微球的实际载药量与包封率分别达到最高值5.62%与49.1%;采用SEM对微球形貌进行表征;对载药微球的体外释药进行研究,结果表明载药微球无明显暴释现象,可有效缓释MMC达30天以上,累计释放量为84.8%;细胞实验结果表明,载药微球可以有效抑制小鼠NIH-3T3成纤维细胞的增殖.     

功能化介孔二氧化硅微球的药物输送行为分析

介孔二氧化硅(MSNs)作为一类新型的药物载体在药物缓控释领域的应用方兴未艾。采用模板诱导和自组装方法合成MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒,并通过聚乙二醇(PEG)的表面修饰,制备出一类具有高亲水性、高孔隙率、高比表面积的MSNs修饰微球。采用氮吸附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、粒径分析等手段表征并对比了聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰前后的MSNs基础理化性能。在此基础上,选用阿霉素作为模型药物,包埋于介孔材料中,对比了PEG修饰前后MSNs中阿霉素的装载量、包封率及释放行为。选用乳腺癌细胞MCF-7为模型癌细胞,选用人血清蛋白(HAS)作为模型蛋白,考察了两种材料对细胞的生物安全性及对蛋白的吸附情况,并将两种材料所对应的载药微球与MCF-7进行共培养,探究两种载药系统对癌细胞的灭杀情况。     

透明质酸基普鲁兰糖载药微球制备与体内外评价

普鲁兰糖(Pu)和透明质酸(HA)天然高分子材料具备良好生物相容性,常用作药物载体,但此类天然高分子降解快,限制其作为药物的缓释功能载体的应用.本文拟采用自制抗酶降解的透明质酸接枝普鲁兰糖(HA-Pu)材料溶液为水相,液体石蜡为油相,Span 80为乳化剂,戊二醛为交联剂,利用乳化交联法制备HA-Pu微球(HA-Pu MPs). 利用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)法,考察转速、油水比和HA-Pu质量浓度等3因素对微球粒径的影响,当选择670 r/min搅拌转速,5.6∶1(体积比)油水比和44.8 mg/mL HA-Pu的最佳制备条件,可获得形态圆整且平均粒径约为18 μm的微球. 样品红外图谱显示,制备微球成功交联. 以阿霉素(DOX)为模型药,交联量戊二醛0.5 mol,最佳DOX与HA-Pu投料比为2∶10(质量比),获得载药量为5.02%(质量分数),包封率为33%的(载药微球)DOX-HA-Pu MPs. 载药微球体外释药曲线拟合符合Ritger-Peppas方程. 而对比大鼠尾静脉注射DOX药物和腹腔注射DOX-HA-Pu MPs,载药微球具备缓释功能. 利用HA-Pu材料抗酶降解性质,采用乳化交联法制备HA-Pu MPs,方法简单易行,制备微球有望成为抗瘤药物的缓释载体.     

利福平SiO_2纳米微球制备及影响因素的研究

采用正交试验设计对纳米SiO_2微球各组分因素的不同水平进行优化组合,将各水平组合制备成相应的微球,以微球SiO_2含量为评价指标筛选出最佳组分因素的水平组合.通过考察、表征和比较这些微球的粒径、载药量和包封率等指标,同时结合载药微球-利福平纳米二氧化硅微球的释放试验,分别进行纳米SiO_2微球组分对微球制备、微球表征和药物释放影响的评价.获取的最佳水平组合为A1B3C3D3,即纳米SiO_2粒径10 nm、PLA 80 mg/mL、明胶40 mg/mL和二氯甲烷:丙酮=2∶2.该水平组合制备的利福平纳米SiO_2微球外观圆整,大小均匀,粒径可控,其载药量、包封率均在60%以上,且体外释放稳定,符合药物缓释的要求.实验结果也显示,聚乳酸含量为载药量的最主要影响因素,其次为两种溶剂(疏水与亲水)的比例,以及孔径和稳定剂的含量.     

一种靶向磁性纳米药物载体的制备与表征

以N,N'-双(丙烯酰)胱胺为交联剂,与盐酸多巴胺和甲氧基聚乙二醇胺,叶酸聚乙二醇胺,盐酸阿霉素为原料,运用迈克加成反应合成了载药聚合物.磁性纳米粒子通过配位体交换制备了磁性纳米药物载体.使用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR),红外吸收光谱(FTIR),动态光散射仪(DLS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等一系列检测对磁性纳米药物载体的结构和形貌进行了表征,结果表明成功制备了磁性纳米载药系统.     

MDR1-targeted siRNA delivery with cationic dendritic conjugated polymers

A cationic dendritic polyfluorene (PFP) is examined as a siRNA delivery vector. This material was designed to facilitate the nucleic acid binding, encapsulation and efficient cellular uptake. PFP can effectively protect siRNA against nuclease degradation, which is necessary for gene carriers. PFP can be used for multidrug resistance gene-targeted siRNA delivery in doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant human breast cancer cells (MCF7) cells. As a siRNA transfection agent, PFP can efficiently achieve the reversal of drug resistance and enhance the drug sensitivity. These new features and capabilities represent a major step toward conjugated polymers that can function for therapeutic application.     

A monoclonal antibody defining antigenic determinants on subpopulations of mammalian neurones and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites

An IgM lambda class monoclonal antibody raised against membranes from rat dorsal root ganglia defines a novel antigenic determinant expressed by subpopulations of mammalian central and peripheral neurones. In the presence of complement the antibody is cytotoxic to mammalian neurones in vitro. The same antibody labels Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan responsible for Chagas' disease. Classes of mammalian neurones and cardiac muscle that are labelled by the antibody are known to degenerate in Chagas' disease. The common neuronal and trypanosomal antigens recognized by the antibody may therefore be important in pathogenic events underlying this disorder.     

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles： Preparation and application in drub carrier

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (DASNP) were prepared by the redox reaction of NaIO4 and starch in water-in-oil microemulsion. IR spectrum showed that DASNP had aldehyde groups, and quantitative alkali consumption showed that its dialdehyde content was about (50±5)%. The average diameter of DASNP determined by SEM was about 100 nm. TGA-DTA showed that its thermal stability was better than starch nanoparticle (StNP) and dialdehyde starch (DAS). Its low biological toxicity was detected by cell experiment. Also the best mass ratio of doxorubicin (DOX) to combined DASNP detected by UV-VIS was 15 : 1, and the product was effective for controlled release of DOX. The cell experiment showed that the drug-carrier particle (DOX-DASNP) can release DOX for a long time and strengthened the effect of the anticancer drug. This work demonstrates that the DASNP, which has good thermal stability, small particle size, low biological toxicity, and slowly anticancer drug-releasing to strengthen drug effect, is a potentially useful carrier for anticancer drug.     

Cell-mediated immunity in the liver of mice vaccinated against malaria.

Mice can be protected against several species of lethal malaria infection by vaccination, and their recovery correlates well with increased anti-malarial antibody levels, particularly IgG (ref.2). However, there is also a good correlation between protection by vaccines and priming for delayed-type hypersensitivity in the skin, although there is no obvious explanation for this effect. We now report an apparent relationship between protection and a cell-mediated immune response involving the migration of various types of cell capable of killing malaria parasites in vitro to the liver. We suggest that the effect of vaccination is to bring together parasites, specific antibody and nonspecific cytotoxic cells, and that the liver may be a major site for their interaction.     

一种新型的紫杉烷生物素共轭物的制备

生物素与肿瘤细胞表面的生物素受体结合,通过受体介导的内吞作用将共轭物摄入细胞内,二硫键在肿瘤细胞中能够开链,释放出活性物质,实现靶向性给药,从而大大降低传统化疗药物因缺乏对肿瘤细胞的选择性而引起的毒副作用。用巯基置换的方式,合成含有二硫键的连接链;用将羧酸基团转化为酰肼基团的方法,将生物素转化为生物素酰肼;选用具有抗多药耐药性的含氟紫杉烷SB-T-12854作为细胞毒分子;通过含有二硫键的连接链将含氟紫杉烷化合物SB-T-12854与生物素酰肼进行偶连,形成一种新型的紫杉烷生物素共轭物。     

维甲酸纳米颗粒混悬剂的制备及表征

采用溶剂分散法制备了不同药物质量浓度的维甲酸纳米颗粒混悬剂,并对其进行了冷冻干燥;采用光子相关谱(PCS)测定了冷冻干燥前后混悬剂中纳米粒子的平均粒径;透射电镜(TEM)观察其微观形貌;高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对不同时间混悬剂中全反式维甲酸的质量浓度进行定量测定．结果表明,混悬剂中维甲酸纳米粒子(RA-NP)的粒径保持在200～400nm之间,大都为完整的球形;与维甲酸硅油10～15mg／L的药物质量浓度相比,纳米颗粒混悬剂中有效药物的质量浓度可显著提高至35mg／L;药物降解速度得到明显降低,4周之内能维持抑制细胞增殖的有效药物质量浓度．维甲酸纳米颗粒混悬剂有望成为一种新型的增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)治疗用药物载体．     

KLF4沉默与阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤协同抑制肝癌HepG2细胞的生长

探究KLF4沉默与经不同作用浓度阿霉素处理诱导的DNA损伤对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖凋亡的影响及其作用机制.应用RNA干扰技术,采用siRNA转染HepG2细胞以沉默KLF4基因.采用MTT法检测KLF4沉默前后对HepG2细胞增殖的影响,使用流式细胞术检测KLF4沉默前后对HepG2细胞周期变化影响,应用Western blot法检测转染前后HepG2细胞中KLF4蛋白及细胞周期相关蛋白表达变化.Western blot检测到高浓度的阿霉素促进KLF4的表达,并且低浓度的阿霉素可使得细胞停滞在G2/M期,高浓度的阿霉素则使部分细胞凋亡(19.31%).将KLF4沉默后,发现细胞生长变缓,低浓度的阿霉素处理后,细胞随时间增加而出现更多的细胞凋亡;高浓度的阿霉素处理后,细胞数明显减少,更多的细胞发生凋亡(28.89%),且在KLF4沉默前后均发现低浓度阿霉素促进p53与p21表达,高浓度阿霉素抑制其表达.阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤可提高KLF4的表达,KLF4依赖于DNA损伤激活的p53促进p21的表达,进而引起G1/S期细胞周期阻滞.沉默KLF4与阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤可协同抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、促进凋亡,其在肝癌细胞 HepG2中扮演十分重要的角色.     

A novel epitope of the LFA-1 antigen which can distinguish killer effector and suppressor cells in human CD8 cells

The CD4 subset of cells displays helper/inducer activity and recognizes class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), while the CD8 subset recognizes class I MHC antigens and exhibits cytotoxic or suppressor function. Considerable functional as well as corresponding phenotypic heterogeneity exists within the two major T cell subsets. Although the CD8+ population contains pre-cytotoxic, cytotoxic, pre-suppressor and suppressor effector T cells, these distinctions still rest largely on the use of functional assays. Attempts have been made to define the CD8+ precursor of the killer cell with new monoclonal antibodies. But more precise phenotypic distinctions between the functional subpopulations within CD8+ cells will be needed. We have now developed a monoclonal antibody, anti-S6F1 which can distinguish killer effector and suppressor effector cells in CD8 lymphocyte populations. The cell-surface structure defined by this antibody comprises two glycoproteins with relative molecular mass (Mr) 180K and 95K respectively. Also sequential immunoprecipitation studies and two dimensional gel electrophoresis indicate that anti-S6F1 recognizes a novel epitope on the LFA-1 antigen.     

Adaptive Immune Evolutionary Algorithms Based on Immune Network Regulatory Mechanism

Based on immune network regulatory mechanism, a new adaptive immune evolutionary algorithm （AIEA） is proposed to improve the performance of genetic algorithms （GA） in this paper. AIEA adopts novel selection operation according to the stimulation level of each antibody. A memory base for good antibodies is devised simultaneously to raise the convergent rapidity of the algorithm and adaptive adjusting strategy of antibody population is used for preventing the loss of the population adversity. The experiments show AIEA has better convergence performance than standard genetic algorithm and is capable of maintaining the adversity of the population and solving function optimization problems in an efficient and reliable way.