Malvastrum yellow vein virus,a new Begomovirus species associated with satellite DNA molecule

Virus isolate Y47 was obtained from Malvastrum coromandelianum showing yellow vein symptom in Honghe, Yunnan Province. The complete nudcotide sequence of DNA-A was determined, it contains 2731 nuclcotides,having typical genomic organiTation of a begomovirns, encoding 6ORFs with 2ORFs [AVI(CP) and AV2] in virionsense DNA and 40RFs (ACl-AC4) in complementary-sense DNA. Comparisons show that the total DNA-A of Y47 has the highest sequence identity (77%) with that of Okra yellow vein mosaic virus-[201] (AJ002451), while less than 76% identities are found when compared with other begomoviruses. The molecular data show that virus isolate Y47 is a distinct begomovirns species, for which the name Maivastrum yellow vein vorus is proposed. Satellite DNA molecule (Y47β) was found to be associated with Y47 using the primers (beta01 and beta02) specific for DNAβ Y47β consists of 1348 nuclcotides, with a functional ORF (CI) in complemen-tary-sense DNA.Y47β has 62%--67% sequence identity with DNAβ molecule associated with Cotton leaf curl Muitan virus or Cotton leaf curl Rajasthan virus, while lower than 46% sequence identities are found when compared with other reported DNA[~ molecules. Relationship dendrograms show that DNAβ molecules are co-evolved with their help begomoviruses.     

Molecular characterization of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato yellow leaf curl China</Emphasis> virus and its satellite DNA isolated from tobacco

Virus isolates, Y8, Y36 and Y38, were obtained from tobacco plants showing leaf curl symptoms in Honghe,Yunnan Province. In reactions with 14 monoclonal antibodies raised against Begomoviras particles, Y8, Y36 and Y38 had similar antigenic reaction in TAS-ELISA as Tomato yellow leaf carl China virus (TYLCCNV). The complete DNA-A nueleotide sequences of Y8, Y36 and Y38 were determined and they contain 2727, 2730 and 2730 nueleotides, respectively. Each of the DNA-A sequences has a typical Begomovirus genome organization encoding 60RFs with 20RFs[AVI(CP) and AV2] in virion-sense DNA and 40RFs (AC1 to AC4) in complementary-sense DNA. Comparisons with total DNA-A, intergenie region and deduced amino acid sequences of individual ORFs show that Y8, Y36 and Y38 are isolates of TYLCCNV. Satellite DNA molecules (DNAβ) were found to be associated with Y8, Y36 and Y38, which consist of 1338, 1339 and 1338 nucleotides, respectively. Comparisons show that these DNAβ molecules share 98%--99% sequence identities on nucleotide level and have a common ORF (designated C1) encoding 126 amino acids on the complementary strand.     

Tobacco curly shoot virus isolated in Yunnan is a distinct species of Begomovirus

Virus isolate Y1 was obtained from tobacco showing curly shoot symptoms in Baoshan, Yunnan Province. Whitefly transmission test and virion morphology observation showed that it is a begomovirus. In reactions with 14 monoclonal antibodies raised against begomoviruses, Y1 was readily differentiated from begomoviruses reported in China, Pakistan and India. The complete nucleotide sequence of DNA-A was determined, it contains 2746 nucleotides, with two ORFs in virion-sense DNA and four ORFs in complementary-sense DNA. Comparisons with total DNA-A, intergenic region and deduced amino acid sequences of individual ORFs showed that Yl is a distinct Begomovirus species, for which the name Tobacco curly shoot virus (TCSV) is proposed. The total DNA-A of TCSV is most closely related to that of Tomato leaf curl virus from India (85% sequence identity). In contrast, the deduced coat protein of TCSV is most like that of Cotton leaf curl virus 72b isolate from Pakistan (98% amino acid sequence identity).     

Tobacco curly shoot virus iso-lated in Yunnan is a distinct species of Begomovirus

Virus isolate Y1 was obtained from tobacco showing curly shoot symptoms in Baoshan, Yunnan Province. Whitefly transmission test and virion morphology observation showed that it is a begomovirus. In reactions with 14 monoclonal antibodies raised against begomoviruses, Y1 was readily differentiated from begomoviruses reported in China, Pakistan and India. The complete nucleotide sequence of DNA-A was determined, it contains 2746 nucleotides, with two ORFs in virion-sense DNA and four ORFs in complementary-sense DNA. Comparisons with total DNA-A, intergenic region and deduced amino acid sequences of individual ORFs showed that Y1 is a distinct Begomovirus species, for which the name Tobacco curly shoot virus (TCSV) is proposed. The total DNA-A of TCSV is most closely related to that of Tomato leaf curl virus from India (85% sequence identity). In contrast, the deduced coat protein of TCSV is most like that of Cotton leaf curl virus 72b isolate from Pakistan (98% amino acid sequence identity).     

Analysis of type II toxin-antitoxin genes <Emphasis Type="Italic">all</Emphasis> 3211-<Emphasis Type="Italic">asl</Emphasis> 3212 in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anabaena</Emphasis> PCC 7120

The type II toxin-antitoxin genes are responsible for the phenotypic switch to a quasi-dormant state that enables cell survival under stresses, a similar function to heterocyst of cyanobacteria. In this paper, we particularly study the role of gene pair all3211-asl3212 under Spectinomycin stress to reveal how the type II toxin-antitoxin involved in environmental stress responses. Bioinformatics prediction shows that toxin protein gene All3211 is homologous to MazF, a member of mazEF family that encoding nucleases. We clone gene all3211-asl3212 into expression vectors to identify its molecular characteristics. Deletion mutant strains of all3211-asl3212 are selected in a tri-parental mating screen. Phenotype comparisons of mutant and wild type reveals no difference of single-deletion-mutants in pigment integrity, the sensitivity to antibiotics, and heterocyst formation. The results show that deletion mutation of single TAS gene pair all3211-asl3212 results in limited effects on the cellular growth of PCC 7120. Thus, we suggest that dosage compensating might be provided from redundant genes or bypass pathways to offset obvious phenotypic differences.     

Properties of a class of groups on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis></Subscript>

In this paper, we obtain the factorization of direct production and order of group GL(n, Z _m ) in a simple method. Then we generalize some properties of GL(2, Z _p ) proposed by Huppert, and prove that the group \(GL\left( {2,{Z_{{z^\lambda }}}} \right)\) is solvable. We also prove that group GL(n, Z _p ) is solvable if and only if GL(n, Z _p ) is solvable, and list the generators of groups GL(n, Z _p ) and SL(n, Z _p ). At last, we prove that PSL(2, Z _p )(p > 3) and PSL(n, Z _p )(n > 3) are simple.     

Identification of a novel DNA molecule associated with Tobacco leaf curl virus

A circular DNA molecule, designated as DNAβ, was identified in tobacco plants infected with Tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) isolates Y5 and Y8 by PCR using primers based on the conserved region of the two reported DNAβ sequences of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs). The complete nucleotide sequences of DNAβ of Y5 and Y8 (TLCV DNAβ) were determined. Y5 DNAβ comprises 1333 nucleotides encoding 8 predicted ORFs with 4 ORFs in virion-sense DNA and 4 ORFs in complementary-sense DNA; Y8 DNAβ consists of 1338 nucleotides encoding 7 predicted ORFs with 4 ORFs in virion-sense DNA and 3 ORFs in complementary-sense DNA. TLCV DNAβ has little sequence homology to DNA-A of TLCV., except that it shares conserved TAATATTAC loop sequence with TLCV DNA-A. Sequence comparison showed that Y5 DNAβ shared 85% sequence homology with Y8 DNAβ, and both Y5 DNAβ and Y8 DNAβ had relatively low sequence identity (51%–65%) with the reported DNAβ molecules associated with Ageratum yellow vein virus and Cotton leaf curl virus. The immunotrapping PCR and whitefly transmission tests showed that DNAβ molecule could be encapsidated in virus particle and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. This is the first report of DNAβ associated with WTGs in China.     

An algorithm for the spectral immunity of binary sequence with period 2<Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Superscript>

To resist the fast algebraic attack and fast selective discrete Fourier transform attacks, spectral immunity of a sequence or a Boolean function was proposed. At the same time, an algorithm to compute the spectral immunity of the binary sequence with odd period N was presented, here N is a factor of 2 ⁿ ? 1, where n is an integer. The case is more complicated when the period is even. In this paper, we compute linear complexity of every orthogonal sequence of a given sequence using Chan-Games algorithm and k - error linear complexity algorithm. Then, an algorithm for spectral immunity of binary sequence with period N = 2 ⁿ is obtained. Furthermore, the time complexity of this algorithm is proved to be O(n).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lp</Emphasis>-dual mixed geominimal surface area

In this paper, a new Lp-dual mixed geominimal surface area is defined by Lp-dual mixed quermassintegrals, which extends the definition of Lp-dual geominimal surface area and generalizes some related inequalities established by Wan and Wang.     

Enhanced antioxidant capacities <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> caused by the change in key constituent of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Terminalia chebula</Emphasis> Retz. treated with Tibet traditional process

In order to investigate the chemical-biological relationship caused by the special processing technology, the constituent’s content and antioxidant capacity in vivo of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud processing Terminalia chebula Retz. have been tested. Taking T. chebula Retz. as control, the content of gallic acid is analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The results show that the increase of gallic acid concentration from 4.54% to 7.46% leads to enhancement of the antioxidant capacities in vivo of the E. fischeriana Steud processing T. chebula Retz. The significant antioxidant capacity in vivo (p<0.05) of the processed product possesses is better than the unprocessed herb. Its superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondia-ldehyde (MDA) contents in serum, the MDA content in liver can match the effects of vitamine E when administered at high dosage.     

On the Dual <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Measures of Asymmetry for Star Bodies

Recently, the connection between p-measures of asymmetry and the L_p -mixed volumes for convex bodies was found soon after the p-measure of asymmetry was proposed, and the Orlicz-measures of asymmetry was proposed inspired by such a kind of connection. In this paper, by a similar way the dual p -measures of asymmetry for star bodies (naturally for convex bodies) is introduced first. Then the connection between dual p -measures of asymmetry and L_p -dual mixed volumes is established. Finally, the best lower and upper bounds of dual p-measures and the corresponding extremal bodies are discussed.     

Molecular phylogenetics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnocypris</Emphasis> (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Lake Qinghai and adjacent drainages

149 complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes (1140 bp) of Gymnocypris przewalskii, Gymnocypris eckloni and Gymnocypris scolistomus from the Lake Qinghai, Yellow River and Qaidam Basin were sequenced and analyzed. Consistent dendrogram indicated that the samples collected from the same species do not constitute a separate monophyletic group and all the samples were grouped into three highly divergent lineages (A, B and C). Among them, Lineage A contained all samples of G. przewalskii from the Lake Qinghai and partial samples of the G. eckloni from the Yellow River. Lineage B contained the remaining samples of G. eckloni from the Yellow River. Lineage C was composed of a monophyletic group by G. eckloni from the Qaidam Basin. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of genetic variations were detected within these three mtDNA lineages (93.12%), suggesting that there are three different lineages of Gymnocypris in this region. Our Cyt b sequence data showed that G. przewalskii was not a polytypic species, and G. scolistomus was neither an independent species nor a subspecies of G. eckloni. The divergent mtDNA lineages of G. eckloni from the Yellow River suggested that gene flow between the different populations was restricted to a certain extent by several gorges on the upper reach of the Yellow River. Lineage B of G. eckloni might be the genetic effect from the ancestor which was incorporated with the endemic schizothoracine fishes when the headward erosion of the Yellow River reached to its current headwaters of late. The G. eckloni from Basin Qaidam was a monophyletic group (lineage C) and F_st values within G. eckloni from the Yellow River were higher than 0.98, suggesting that the gene flow has been interrupted for a long time and the G. eckloni from Basin Qaidam might have been evolved into different species by ecology segregation. The correlation between the rakers number of Gymnocypris and population genetic variation was not significant. All Gymnocypris populations exhibited a low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00096–0.00485). Therefore the Gymnocypris populations from Basin Qaidam could have experienced severe bottleneck effect in history. Our result suggested Gymnocypris populations of Basin Qaidam should give a high priority in conservation programs.     

Extremum Values of Asymmetric <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lp</Emphasis>-Difference Bodies for Quermassintegrals and Dual Quermassintegrals

Based on Lutwak’s the notion of Lp-difference bodies, Wang and Ma introduced asymmetric Lp-difference bodies and gave their extremum values for volumes. In this paper, we establish the extremum value inequalities for the quermassintegrals and dual quermassintegrals of asymmetric Lp-difference bodies and their polars, respectively.     

Parameter-Dependent Third-Order Susceptibility of InxGa1-xN/GaN Parabolic Quantum Dots

The electron states confined in wurtzite InxGa1-xN/GaN strained quantum dots （QDs） have been investigated in the effective -mass approximation by solving the Schrtdinger equation, in which parabolic confined potential and strong built-in electric field effect （due to the piezoelectricity and spontaneous polarization） have been taken into account. The real part Rex^（3）（0,0,ω） and the imaginary part Imx^（3）（0,0,ω） of the third-order susceptibil- ity describe quadratic electro-optic effects and electro-absorption process of the QDs respectively. And both of them have been calculated in directions parallel and vertical to z axis. Furthermore, the study shows Rex^（3）（0,0,ω） and Imx^（3）（0,0,ω） increase under resonant conditions with the QDs＇ radius and height increase, and the same results occur when the content increase. In addition, the resonant position shift to the lower energy region when the parabolic frequencies increase.     

Glass-forming ability,microhardness, corrosion resistance,and dealloying treatment of Mg60-xCu40Ndx alloy ribbons

The influence of Nd addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA), microhardness, and corrosion resistance of Mg_60-xCu₄₀Nd_x (x=5, 10, 15, 20, and 25, at%) alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, Vickers-type hardness tests, and electrochemical methods. The results suggest that the GFA and microhardness of the amorphous alloys increase until the Nd content reaches 20at%. The corrosion potential and corrosion current density obtained from the Tafel curves indicate that the Mg₃₅Cu₄₀Nd₂₅ ternary alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the investigated alloys. Notably, nanoporous copper (NPC) was synthesized through a single-step dealloying of Mg_60-xCu₄₀Nd_x (x=5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) ternary alloys in 0.04 mol·L-1 H₂SO₄ solution under free corrosion conditions. The influence of dealloying process parameters, such as dealloying time and temperature, on the microstructure of the ribbons was also studied using the surface diffusivity theory. The formation mechanism of dealloyed samples with a multilayered structure was also discussed.     

A study of electron-shuttle mechanism in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</Emphasis> based-microbial fuel cells

In microbial fuel cell (MFC), the rate of electron transfer to anode electrode is a key intrinsic limiting factor on the power output of MFCs. Using Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) strain L17 as biocatalyst, we studied the mechanism of electron shuttle via self-producing mediator in a cubic air-chamber MFC. To eliminate the influence of biofilm mechanism, the anode electrode was coated with microfiltration membrane (0.22 μm). Data showed that the microfiltration membrane coated and uncoated MFCs achie...     

Explicit breather-type and pure <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-soliton solution of DNLS<Superscript>+</Superscript> equation with nonvanishing boundary condition

Based on a newly revised inverse scattering transform for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS⁺) equation with nonvanishing boundary condition (NVBC), the explicit breather-type and pure N-soliton solution has been derived by some algebra techniques. The two-breather solution and the pure double-soliton solution have been given as two typical examples in illustration of the general formula of the multi-soliton solution. The asymptotic behaviors of the N-soliton solution are discussed in detail.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript> decay estimate of BCL equation

This paper considers linearized BCL system with viscosity which is firstly derived by J. L. Bona, T. Colin and D. Lannes for the study of motion of water waves. L ₂ decay estimate is got by means of Fourier analysis and frequency decomposition. This result plays key role in studying the global well-posedness of corresponding nonlinear system.     

Effect of Si on austenite stabilization,martensite morphology,and magnetic properties in Fe-26%Ni-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>%Si alloys

The effect of Si on the austenite stabilization, martensite morphology, and magnetic properties in Fe-26%Ni-x%Si (x=3.5, 5, and 6) alloys have been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques. TEM observations reveal that the martensite morphology is closely dependent on the Si content. The volume fraction changes of martensite and austenite phases, the hyperfine magnetic field, and isomer shift values have been determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The Mössbauer study reveals that the hyperfine magnetic field, the isomer shift values and the volume fraction of martensite decrease with increasing Si content.     

Mg<Superscript>2+</Superscript>-Triggered and pH-Tuned <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> Assembly of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase

The enzyme OtsA (trehalose-P synthase) plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of trehalose, which is a nonreducing disaccharide that plays important functions in many organisms. By using light scattering technique, we discovered that OtsA in Arthrobacter strain A3 polymerized in the presence of divalent metal ions (Mg²⁺ or Ca²⁺), and the kinetics of the assembly was dependent on their concentrations. We identified potential compounds that can affect the kinetics of the polymerization, particularly, heparin, which acts as a very promising inhibitor of the polymerization. The OtsA assembly turns out to be a very delicate process that is finely regulated by pH. OtsA may be in the polymerized form at physiological pH in vivo, suggesting a more complicated mechanism of the enzyme. These unique properties of OtsA provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the biosynthesis of trehalose.