热激蛋白与生物环境适应及进化的关系

热激蛋白的表达和调控系统是有机体对多种内外环境胁迫条件产生应激反应达到自我保护的物质基础. 目前这一领域的研究已在探讨生物的遗传、进化和环境适应等宏观问题上得到应用. 文中综述了相关的研究进展，提出了热激反应产生的胁迫抗性使生物具有一定的环境适应性和进化可塑性的观点. 由于对环境变化敏感的热激反应机制也是长期适应的结果，因此热激蛋白的分子进化研究也许能为探讨生物与环境的相互关系、物种进化及所经历的环境变迁等科学问题提供一定的线索.     

中、新生代生物与地质作用栏目介绍

<正>随着世界人口的持续增长和社会经济的高速发展,人类社会遭遇到一系列前所未有的地质环境和地质资源问题,如何维护地球环境与人类社会的和谐发展、如何合理地利用地球上不可再生的资源,已成为当前地质工作者面临的一个重要问题.地球环境与生物演化之间是一个动态过程,各类地质事件及生物化石富含地球过去变化的信息.因此,研究地球历史时期的生物地质作用和环境变迁对人类预测未     

汾河下游三万年来环境变迁及表现特征

本文探讨了汾河下游3万年来环境变迁的发展过程，运用多种分析方法和研究手段，提出了本区的气候分期和文化分期，根据环境变迁的5个特征和3万年气候变化规律，预测未来百年内环境还将继续向着变暖的方向发展，升温幅度约为每10年，0．2度－0．5度，到本世纪末将偏暖3－4度。     

森林环境变迁态势探析

文章以现有的理论研究与实践成果为基础,针对森林环境变迁的内涵与我国森林环境面临的威胁进行了分析,探讨了有效控制我国森林环境变迁态势的两大因素。     

民大学者

夏建新，男，1969年出生，湖北省黄冈市人，2002年由北京大学环境科学与工程博士后流动站出站到中央民族大学工作，现任中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院教授．主要研究方向：（1）以环境地学和计算流体力学为基础，开展地表环境演化过程模拟与预测研究；（2）以多相流体动力学为基础，开展工程应用研究．已经出版学术著作《水沙环境学》和教材《全球环境变迁》，     

贺州八步镇鸬鹚村考察报告

贺州八步镇厦良村的鸬鹚人是一个特殊的水上族群，过去他们以养鸬鹚捕鱼为生，形成了许多特殊的风俗，近２０ 年来由于自然环境的变化， 其生活和生产均发生了变迁。     

毛乌素沙地变迁之再认识

地层探测与史籍资料表明统万城建城之前，这一带的自然景观是农牧兼宜，水草丰美，但在统万城建城时，本地区已有“沙阜”、“沙丘”、“沙陵”，自然景观并未形成大规模的沙漠环境。环境的变迁主要受气候波动而变化，以后又由于人类活动的叠加使自然环境进一步恶化。对毛鸟素沙地成因与变迁的研究，应从时空角度出发，综合其沙地形成发育的物质基础和自然条件以及影响环境变迁的人为因素，利用多学科交叉，相互印证，方可得出全面、客观的结论。     

建国以来我国黄土高原地区历史自然地理研究工作的回顾与展望

通过考古对比和文献分析的方法，对建国以来黄土高原地区的历史自然地理研究状况进行了系统总结，重点阐述了天然植被分布区域变化、河湖水文状况变化、黄土地貌变化、沙漠形成扩展等问题的研究状况。同时，还提出了今后环境变迁趋势及调控变迁方向与速度之措施。     

论黄河水患与徐州城市变迁

历史上黄河以"善淤、善决、善徙"称著于世。北宋之前黄河以北流为主,南宋时起改道南泛,清咸丰五年之后,复北流。黄河南泛到1855年铜瓦厢改道期间,对徐州城的发展变迁产生了巨大影响。徐州屡次被淹又多次重建得到了考古证实。黄河水患对徐州的影响,主要表现为水灾频繁、破坏环境、城市变迁等方面。     

楼兰的兴衰与环境变迁和环境灾害

通过对楼兰兴衰史及同一时期的环境变化的综合研究表明:楼兰的兴衰与环境的变迁、灾变密切相关,自然环境变迁、灾变是楼兰消亡的重要原因     

主体间性视域下的思想政治教育理念

主体间性的哲学理论提出后,已经运用到很多学科中去。以往的主体性思想政治教育取得过很大成绩,但由于环境的变化及其本身存在的缺陷,这种＂主体—客体＂思想政治教育模式逐渐被更为合理的＂主体—客体—主体＂的主体间性思想政治教育模式所取代。倡导平等对话、相互理解和人文关怀的＂交往式＂主体间性思想政治教育理念,已成为消除主体性思想政治教育困惑的手术刀。     

New progress of lake sediments and environmental changes research in China

Environmental change recorded by lake sediments is one of the important branches of the past global changes study. The new progress of lake sediments and environmental changes in China since the late 1980s has been comprehensively discussed. The highlights emphasized are Asian paleomonsoon migration reflected by lake level fluctuation, uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau recorded by lacustrine sediments, saltlake sediments and environmental evolution, lake response to the natural-human interaction and modern lake biogeochemical process. Meanwhile important suggestions for the lake sediments and environmental research in the future are proposed, which include studies on the quantitative relationship between lake environment proxies and climate factors, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments, modern lake dynamic process and environment, Quaternary Chinese lake database and global changes.     

产业结构变迁对生态环境质量的影响研究 ——以湖南省为例

通过构建产业结构与生态环境综合评价体系,采用主成分分析和动态计量分析相结合的方法,分析了湖南省产业结构变迁对生态环境质量的作用机制。研究指出,近20年来湖南省产业结构优化步伐不断加快的同时,生态环境压力、生态环境响应以及生态环境综合质量稳步提高,但伴随经济发展,生态环境总体状况有不断恶化的趋势。产业结构综合水平与生态环境各指数存在长期的动态均衡关系,但产业结构对生态环境综合质量却表现为负向影响,而且从长期来看,负向冲击效果增加的幅度和速度存在不断扩大趋势。认为加强环境保护、促进产业结构优化升级是较为理想的政策选择。     

贵州草海自然环境保护与自然资源开发

贵州草海是一个30年来人为活动影响严重,自然环境发生深刻变化的高原湖泊.本文具体分析了草海人为排干涸田后的灾害性恶果和湖泊生态环境遭受破坏的程度,着重分析了草海恢复以后的自然资源优势及其基本特征.结合草海自然保护和资源开发的特殊性和现状,指出了草海综合发展的可能途径,即针对草海自然环境的脆弱特征,加强自然保护区的整体建设;针对草海湖泊功能的有效性特征,加强湖泊生态系统的综合研究.在此基础上,提出了草海自然保护与资源开发的协调发展原则.     

东灵山生态环境变化遥感研究

介绍了利用航空及航天遥感数据对华北东灵山地区生态环境变化进行遥感监测的方法,分析了近十余年来该地区生态环境的变化趋势及引起这种变化的原因,并提出了几点建议.     

The search for signs of recovery of the ozone layer

Evidence of mid-latitude ozone depletion and proof that the Antarctic ozone hole was caused by humans spurred policy makers from the late 1980s onwards to ratify the Montreal Protocol and subsequent treaties, legislating for reduced production of ozone-depleting substances. The case of anthropogenic ozone loss has often been cited since as a success story of international agreements in the regulation of environmental pollution. Although recent data suggest that total column ozone abundances have at least not decreased over the past eight years for most of the world, it is still uncertain whether this improvement is actually attributable to the observed decline in the amount of ozone-depleting substances in the Earth's atmosphere. The high natural variability in ozone abundances, due in part to the solar cycle as well as changes in transport and temperature, could override the relatively small changes expected from the recent decrease in ozone-depleting substances. Whatever the benefits of the Montreal agreement, recovery of ozone is likely to occur in a different atmospheric environment, with changes expected in atmospheric transport, temperature and important trace gases. It is therefore unlikely that ozone will stabilize at levels observed before 1980, when a decline in ozone concentrations was first observed.     

Changes in deep-water formation during the Younger Dryas event inferred from 10Be and 14C records

Variations in atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) concentrations can be attributed either to changes in the carbon cycle--through the rate of radiocarbon removal from the atmosphere--or to variations in the production rate of 14C due to changes in solar activity or the Earth's magnetic field. The production rates of 10Be and 14C vary in the same way, but whereas atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations are additionally affected by the carbon cycle, 10Be concentrations reflect production rates more directly. A record of the 10Be production-rate variations can therefore be used to separate the two influences--production rates and the carbon cycle--on radiocarbon concentrations. Here we present such an analysis of the large fluctuations in atmospheric 14C concentrations, of unclear origin, that occurred during the Younger Dryas cold period. We use the 10Be record from the GISP2 ice core to model past production rates of radionuclides, and find that the largest part of the fluctuations in atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations can be attributed to variations in production rate. The residual difference between measured 14C concentrations and those modelled using the 10Be record can be explained with an additional change in the carbon cycle, most probably in the amount of deep-water formation.     

Attributing physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change

Significant changes in physical and biological systems are occurring on all continents and in most oceans, with a concentration of available data in Europe and North America. Most of these changes are in the direction expected with warming temperature. Here we show that these changes in natural systems since at least 1970 are occurring in regions of observed temperature increases, and that these temperature increases at continental scales cannot be explained by natural climate variations alone. Given the conclusions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely to be due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, and furthermore that it is likely that there has been significant anthropogenic warming over the past 50 years averaged over each continent except Antarctica, we conclude that anthropogenic climate change is having a significant impact on physical and biological systems globally and in some continents.     

土地利用变化对福建生态系统结构及服务功能的影响探讨

从福建生态环境的基本特征入手,分析新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,福建土地利用变化引起的生态系统结构变化及其导致的生态系统服务功能的变化,探讨土地利用变化可能引起的生态问题.研究结果表明:30多年来,福建在经济快速发展的同时,土地获得了更科学、更合理、更优化的利用,但由于福建较优越的生态环境中隐藏着特殊的生态脆弱性,土地利用也产生了一些负面影响.最后从生态系统保护的角度提出若干协调土地利用与资源环境、生态保障之间的对策:应突出森林生态系统保育、近岸海域生态管护和经济走廊带生态建设,加强重要生态功能区域的保护和建立环境友好型土地利用模式,条件成熟时可建立自然保护群网体系.     

九龙江河口湾新沉积层及其声学地层特征的研究

近三十余年来,由于九龙江入海泥沙成倍增加和厦门东渡湾多条栏湾大坝的修建导致了河口湾沉积环境的明显改变,首先是沉积速率的加快,应用Klein-510型浅地层剖面仪进行了不同沉积层声学效应的探测试验取得新的认识,详细分析了图象清晰、连续性完好的沉积界面特征,并与钻孔岩蕊逐层地进行对比,证明了海湾沉积环境的变化能很好地反映在沉积界面上,与过去的其他研究方法比较,本区近30多年来的沉积平均速率:内湾区大部分为6～7cm/a,河口湾前沿可达到8～10cm/a。