An Holistic Approach to the Management of Information Systems Development—A View Using a Soft Systems Approach and Multiple Viewpoints

This paper argues that only a systems-based approach to information systems development is likely to cover all the recognized problem issues reported in the literature. It is then shown that software development can be characterized by the structure of the Soft Systems Methodology, so that this methodology acts as a metaphor for the process of information systems development. The structure of this methodology can be seen at lower levels of the development process, and so the model generated here is seen as recursive. Further, information systems development is seen as an unstructured business problem that can be characterized by the Multiple Viewpoint approach. The connections between this approach and the methodology are identified. Finally, the unifying link between these approaches and all forms of action research is identified.     

Grey systems for intelligent sensors and information processing

In a measurement system,new representation methods are necessary to maintain the uncertainty and to supply more powerful ability for reasoning and transformation between numerical system and symbolic system.A grey measurement system is discussed from the point of view of intelligent sensors and incomplete information processing compared with a numerical and symbolized mea8urement system.The methods of grey representation and information processing are proposed for data collection and reasoning.As a case study,multi-ultrasonic sensor systems are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

An information systems profession to meet the challenge of the 2000s

Technical proficiency has not enabled our profession to deliver value for money in terms of improved organisational performance. Evidence of this failure is adduced. The recommended change is to approach organisations as the information systems we develop. To achieve this we need a better understanding of information, the key resource, better ways of modelling organisations in information terms, and new tools for analysis, design, and systems development. Semiotics, the theory of sign, provides a suitable framework in which to make “information” and related concepts more precise. A semiotics of organisations leads to modelling them as systems of social norms from which information requirements can be logically deduced. This approach yields methods and tools for analyzing and designing the social, pragmatic, and semantic aspects of information systems that receive little attention in our current methodologies.     

管理信息大系统分析与设计的一个新方法

本文将ＣｈｅｃｋｌａｎｄＰ．Ｂ．的软系统方法论与ＨａｌＡ．Ｄ．的硬系统方法论有机结合起来，提出一种管理信息大系统的“软系统分析／硬系统设计”方法，同时通过一个地方政府宏观经济管理信息系统的实践说明方法的应用．     

Optimally Connected Hybrid Complex Networks with Windmill Graphs Backbone

The significance of the existing analysis methods in complex networks and easy access to the ever-increasing volume of information present the emergence of proposing new methods in various fields based on complex system ideas. However, these systems are usually faced with various random failures and intelligent attacks. Due to the nature of the components' behaviors, the occurrence of the failures and faults in their operations and the alteration of their topologies are the most important problems. Since the complex systems are usually used as the infrastructures of other networks, their robustness against failures and the adoption of suitable precautions are necessary. Moreover, the smallworld effect in most complex systems is one of the crucial structural features. The authors found that the relation between these two is not well-known and may even be in conflict in some networks. The main goal in this paper is to achieve an optimal topology by utilizing a robustness-oriented multiobjective trade-off optimization model(edge rewiring) to establish a peaceful relationship between the two requirements. By offering a proposed rewiring method with the small-world effect, which is called core-periphery Windmill property, the authors demonstrated that the generated networks are able to exhibit appropriate robustness even during intelligent attacks. The results obtained in terms of Windmill graphs are presented very good approximations to demonstrate the small-world effect. These graphs are used as the initial core in the construction of the optimized networks' topologies.     

一个开放的复杂巨系统

90年代初期中国学者提出了开放的复杂巨系统理论，以及处理开放的复杂巨系统的方法论－－从定性到定量的综合集成研讨厅体系，本文从系统学的角度出发，剖析与揭示了Internet系统的本质，指出Internet是一个开放的复杂巨系统，处理Internet系统及其相关问题的方法是综合集成研讨厅体系。     

Research on fault-tolerant control of networked control systems based on information scheduling

A kind of networked control system is studied; the networked control system with noise disturbance is modeled based on information scheduling and control co-design. Augmented state matrix analysis method is introduced, and robust fault-tolerant control problem of networked control systems with noise disturbance under actuator failures is studied. The parametric expression of the controller under actuator failures is given. Furthermore, the result is analyzed by simulation tests, which not only satisfies the networked control systems stability, but also decreases the data information number in network channel and makes full use of the network resources.     

关于武器装备体系论证方法的思考

针对武器装备体系建设的特点,简述了目前武器装备体系论证特点和存在的方法问题.通过分析武器装备体系论证手段,剖析武器装备体系论证方法,提出应合理建立武器装备体系论证方法体系,形成武器装备体系论证方法论,以适应在信息化条件下武器装备体系建设的论证要求.依据上述方法论结合武器装备体系论证的特点,建立了软件综合集成环境,环境中每个软件工具或软件分系统,可根据不同论证任务,灵活形成针对该论证任务的软件环境,以满足相应论证任务的需要,体现定性分析与定量评估相结合.     

体系对抗仿真SEB组合建模方法论

体系对抗仿真已经成为武器系统作战效能评估和武器装备论证的有效手段。然而，目前缺乏对于体系对抗仿真建模方法的研究。总结了面向效能评估的导弹体系对抗仿真基本概念和特点，分析了体系对抗仿真模型描述中存在的主要问题，在此基础上，提出体系-实体-行为的分层组合描述方法，作为体系对抗仿真的建模方法，即SEB组合建模方法，并给出其参考模型和各个层次建模的参考视图．SEB组合建模方法将体系对抗仿真建模的复杂性分解到各个层次的建模当中，再通过组合形成完整的战场对抗体系模型，可以有效指导体系对抗仿真的建模工作。     

xmlTRAM +:an XML-based tool for management of requirements and architectures

Information systems have been increasingly used in all aspects of organization's business activities. These systems will inevitably evolve over time. The system development knowledge is a key to the understanding and evolution of these systems. As such, the system development knowledge is a part of the corporate knowledge that needs to be properly managed. In particular, the system requirements and architecture design are the most important system development knowledge. An XML-based tool for managing system requirements and architectures is introduced. The use of the XML technology allows the system requirements and architectures to be easily shared across the organization. The issues discussed include a conceptual model, a logical model and a physical model for the management of system requirements and architectures. In fact, this three-step development process provides a typical methodology for the development of XMLbased systems.     

从定性到定量信息系统项目评价方法研究

根据从定性到定量综合集成理论和物理 -事理 -人理方法论 ,分析了信息系统项目评价的重要性和特殊性 .建立了评价信息系统的指标体系模型 .探讨了定性指标和定量指标之间的关系 ,提出了将德尔菲、层次分析、灰色关联及模糊综合评价集成的 DHGF算法.     

面向应用领域的知识系统建模及实现

针对知识系统建模过程中不同类型知识的组织、表示、控制和实现等问题,将用户需求作为重要的切入点,通过对用户的需求分析和分解将知识系统数据结构划分为领域概念知识(概念本体)、领域系统知识(方法本体)、需求分解知识(需求本体)、知识系统控制知识和解释知识5大部分,建立了各部分的数据结构,明确了相互之间的关系。提出了基于层次案例规划(hierarchicalcase basedplanning,HCBP)的需求本体建立检索及面向目标的黑板控制结构和改进算法。实例测试表明,该方法不仅有利于不同类型知识块的重用,而且提高了系统的执行效率,大大缩短了知识系统的开发周期。     

Developing an Information System for Sustainable Natural Resource Management in Alborz Watershed, Northern Iran

This article explores the potentials of systems analysis and design of information system for sustainable natural resource management. Soft and hard system analyses were performed to better understand the information needs and design of an information system for improving decision making for achieving sustainable natural resource management. In order to analyze the complex and soft systems situations for developing an effective information system, which meets related actors’ changing needs, a conceptual model inspired by soft systems methodology (SSM) was developed. This model is based on information derived from twelve farmers who were purposely selected to represent diverse conditions and 23 agricultural extension experts across the Alborz Watershed in Mazandaran Province, located in northern Iran. Since a conceptual model resulting from SSM is not in itself sufficient as the basis for the implementation of information systems, a hard system methodology was used to structure the data handling by using unified modeling language. This research has shown the promising potentiality of using soft system analysis methodology as a preliminary step to the actual design of an information system in the natural resource management situation in the watershed system level when combined with hard system analysis methods.     

Some ISsues about Information System Integration

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Grey systems for intelligent sensors and information processing

In a measurement system, new representation methods are necessary to maintain the uncertainty and to supply more powerful ability for reasoning and transformation between numerical system and symbolic system. A grey measurement system is discussed from the point of view of intelligent sensors and incomplete information processing compared with a numerical and symbolized measurement system. The methods of grey representation and information processing are proposed for data collection and reasoning. As a case study, multi-ultrasonic sensor systems are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

战斗机无人机编组协同系统需求捕获与验证

战斗机-无人机编组协同(fighter-drone teaming, FDT)是人员-信息-物理-智能一体化的全新作战形态, 其系统需求捕获与验证方法尚没有工程先例和经验可循, 亟需正向探索和实践。在一般的基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering, MBSE)方法基础上, 提出整体纳入跨装备协同要素、将分析模型和验证模型分开构建、同步考量逻辑行为与时空关系的捕获与验证策略, 以及适用于编组协同“任务场景构建-系统行为分析-需求映射定义-模型在环验证”的流程和具体方法, 进而以典型“二带二”对地FDT为例进行应用检验。检验结果表明, 该方法可满足工程总体多专业联合工作需要, 能够高效形成编组协同系统需求清单及相应的捕获与验证依据, 从而为后续的系统设计和实现确立清晰的开发目标和设计指导。     

The Use of Critical Systems Heuristics to Surface and Reconcile Users' Conflicting Visions for a Business Intelligence System

This paper describes an action research study where the business requirements analysis approach of a business intelligence development project was enriched. Critical systems heuristics, a critical systems methodology that is positioned in the critical systems thinking paradigm, was applied to surface the inherently conflicting views and visions (however unknown to them) that the various stakeholders had regarding a new business intelligence system and its underlying business process. It therefore enabled surfacing of human/cultural and organisational issues that would have negatively affected the adoption of the new system; these were successfully resolved. Accordingly, the various stakeholders reflected on their real requirements that constituted improvement, rather than mere automation, of a business process; it ultimately resulted in a successful new business intelligence system that realised business benefits.     

MERGING FUZZY STATISTICAL DATA WITH IMPRECISE PRIOR INFORMATION

1. Introduction Solving complex decision problems can be regarded as processing of information of different kind coming from various sources. Objective information related to stochastic phenomena that describe the environment of the decision situation can be treated as statistical data. If only such information is available, then the complex decision problem may be reduced to a simpler problem of a statistical decision. However, existing statistical data are usually not sufficient enough to so…     

一体化水下对抗仿真环境的设计与实现

建立一体化仿真环境是满足不同目的水下对抗仿真的有效途径。通过分析水下对抗仿真对一体化仿真环境的需求,构建了一体化水下对抗仿真环境,给出了系统构成及软件结构,并对各组成部分的具体功能进行了详细阐述,讨论了仿真环境实现过程中的水声信息处理等关键问题,最后通过一个应用实例验证了仿真环境的有效性。一体化水下对抗仿真环境可扩展性好、通用性强,为水下对抗的深入研究提供了有力支持,具有广阔的应用前景。     

GO-FLOW方法及其改进的精确算法

GO FLOW方法是一种有效的系统可靠性分析方法,直接进行系统可靠性定量计算是GO FLOW方法的优点。但对于包含共有信号的复杂系统,不能直接按GO FLOW方法提供的算法计算,必须保留共有信号项并对其进行修正才能得到精确的计算结果。给出对共有信号进行修正的计算公式推导过程,提出了有共有信号的复杂系统中GO FLOW新的定量精确算法,并用算例加以说明和验证。算例结果表明该方法是精确而有效的。