ZnS和C60纳米线阵列的构筑和表征

以多孔氧化铝为模板,通过水热反应制备出ZnS 和 C₆₀纳米线阵列,分别用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱以及选区电子衍射图谱(SAED)等,对纳米线阵列形貌和化学成分进行表征.结果表明,ZnS 和C₆₀纳米线均为有序阵列.ZnS纳米线为多晶结构,在波长332 nm紫外光激发下, 发射519 nm特征荧光.同时介绍了水热条件下,在多孔氧化铝模板中填充目的产物,以及制备纳米线有序阵列的相关过程.该方法具有一定的普适性.     

Synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes film and its light scattering property

TiO2 nanotubes with diameters of 10 nm and lengths up to 600 nm were fabricated by directly using commercial TiO2 powders P25 as the precursors via sonication-hydrothermal combination approach. TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffractometer （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, selected area electron diffraction pattern （SAED） and transmission elec- tron microscope （TEM）. The light scattering property of film electrodes modified with TiO2 nanotubes was studied and revealed that TiO2 nanotubes can be used as the light scattering centers to increase the light absorption in dye-sensitized solar cells. The TiO2 nanotubes film electrodes mixed with 10% small nanoparticles TiO2 had both strong light scattering property and fine mechanical characteristics, and this kind of electrodes can be used as electrodes in improving the conversion efficiencies of dye-sensitized solar cells.     

ZnS纳米陶瓷微球的制备

以ZnCl2和Na2 S2 O3为前驱物在二氯苯/水溶液界面上,在超重力为1000/g的条件下水热合成了高密度的ZnS 纳米陶瓷微球,研究了前驱物浓度、温度和超重力大小对ZnS 纳米陶瓷微球性能的影响。采用FE-SEM,TEM, XRD,FT-IR, UV-Vis和BET对样品的形貌、微结构、物相和性能进行表征。结果发现,ZnS纳米陶瓷微球是由尺寸为2-20 nm的ZnS晶粒组成的直径为300-500 nm的微球,其密度与施加的超重力大小有关。随着超重力的增大,晶粒粒度减小,制得的ZnS纳米陶瓷微球的密度就增大。在120℃,1000/g超重力的条件下,在二氯苯/水溶液界面上反应30 min制备得到的ZnS纳米陶瓷微球具有高分散性和较高的密度。     

ZnS：Tb／SiO2核壳结构纳米晶的光学性质

用微乳液法合成了ZnS：Tb／SiO2核壳结构纳米晶,并通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、荧光光谱等手段对产物的结构、尺寸、形貌、荧光特性进行了表征。结果表明,ZnS：Tb纳米晶的粒径为3nm,ZnS：Tb／SiO2核壳结构纳米晶的粒径为5nm左右,这样就得出壳的厚度约为1nm。在ZnS：Tb／SiO2核壳结构纳米晶的发射光谱上可以观察到有5个发射峰为460、489、544、584和620nm,分别对应ZnS基质的发光和Tb^3＋离子的^5D4→^7F6、^5D4→^7F5、^5D4→^7F4、^5D4→^7F3跃迁。     

纳米ZnS的合成与表征

将通过直接沉淀法得到的纳米ZnS再经过水溶剂热处理,使其晶化.XRD及TEM结果显示ZnS是立方闪锌矿结构,为8-15nm的球状颗粒.水溶剂热晶化后,颗粒的大小、分散性、均匀度、晶化度均提高,表面活性剂的存在对颗粒的性质有影响.     

Catalytic self-assembly preparation and characterization of carbon nitride nano-tubes by a solvothermal method

A solvothermal reaction of anhydrous CaNaCl3 and sodium using cyclohexane as solvent and NiCI2 as catalyst precursor has been carried out to prepare carbon nitride nanotubes successfully at 230℃ and 1.8 MPa. The carbon nitride nanotubes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) and Raman spectrum.SEM and TEM results indicated that the tubes have a length of 20-30 μm, a uniform outer diameter of about 50-60 nm,an inner diameter of 30-40 nm and are highly ordered assembled as bundles. The EELS measurement indicated that the ratio of N/C was about 1.00. The ED and XRD analyses revealed that the tube may have a new CN crystalline structure. The growth mechanism of nanotubes was discussed.     

电弧法合成填充金属纳米粒子的碳纳米管

用阳极弧法合成了碳纳米管内包覆铁和钴等金属纳米粒子.对合成物用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)和Raman光谱等方法进行了鉴定和表征.发现包覆粒子的多壁碳纳米管的平均直径约为35nm,其端部和内部包覆的粒子不连续分布、粒径基本均匀,约为20nm.分析了阳极弧等离子体法合成碳纳米管内包覆金属纳米粒子的形成机理.     

Bi3．15Nd0．85Ti3O12纳米管阵列的制备与微结构表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在孔径为100nm的阳极氧化铝模板中制备了Bi3．15Nd0．85Ti3O12（BN（IT）纳米管阵列．通过XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM、SAED和Raman光谱测试手段对纳米管阵列的物相、微结构和声子振动特性进行了表征．研究表明,所合成BNdT纳米管为钙钛矿相多晶结构,纳米管外径约为100nm,管壁厚约10nm,长度达几个微米．Raman光谱分析表明,Nd离子部分取代了类钙钛矿层中A位的Bi离子．     

微波法制备碳纳米管负载ZnCdS纳米粒子及其光催化性能

用微波法制备了碳纳米管负载ZnCdS纳米复合材料(ZnCdS/CNTs).通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM)和X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)测试表明:平均粒径为25 nm六方纤锌矿结构的ZnCdS纳米粒子均匀分散在碳纳米管表面.ZnCdS/CNTs纳米复合材料在可见光下光催化降解甲基橙和罗丹明溶液.结果表明:催化剂用量为0.02g/L条件下,对初始浓度均为100mg/L的甲基橙和罗丹明溶液进行可见光光照50min后,降解率分别达到97%和96.7%;催化剂重复使用3次后,光照50min后甲基橙和罗丹明的降解率仍可达到92%和91%.     

纳米面状磷酸锰的制备和表征

本文通过沉淀法制备了纳米面状的磷酸锰,并对其结构进行了X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)表征,讨论了温度和反应容器对产物的影响,结果表明在室温条件下能制备出纯的磷酸锰。     

ZnS/PVA纳米复合薄膜的制备及其非线性三光子吸收研究

采用原位复合的方法制备出厚度为20μm的聚乙烯醇(PVA)与ZnS纳米微粒复合的薄膜,利用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究薄膜样品的微结构性能,证明已制备出立方晶相的针状ZnS纳米晶.用Z-扫描技术研究ZnS/PVA纳米复合薄膜的非线性光学性质,发现该薄膜对532 nm纳秒脉冲激光表现出较强的非线性吸收效应,而且非线性吸收强度随入射光强的增加而减少.该非线性吸收主要由纳米ZnS的三光子吸收引起,并伴随弱饱和吸收现象发生.     

表面改性纳米硫化锌的合成及表征

用均相沉淀法和原位聚合反应法分别制备了粒度、分散性和表面性质不同的2种纳米硫化锌,并通过XRD,TEM,热分析等分析手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,原位聚合反应制得的PMM包覆的纳米硫化锌有机-无机复合率相对较高,具有较小的粒径,更好的分散性和稳定性.     

自牺牲模板法合成Mn_2O_3纳米管

文章以-βMnO2纳米管作为自牺牲模板,在空气中550°C煅烧90 min,首次合成了立方相Mn2O3(c-Mn2O3)纳米管。用X-射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜及高分辨透射电子显微镜等对所制备的样品进行表征。结果表明,所制备样品为纯相的单晶c-Mn2O3,直径为200~500 nm,长度可达几微米。     

油酸修饰纳米TiO2粉体的制备及其光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,利用溶剂热技术制备了经油酸修饰的纳米TiO2粉体。以X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)等测试技术对产物进行了表征,并对其光催化降解邻硝基苯酚的性能进行了分析。实验结果表明:粉体为球形放射状颗粒,平均粒径约为920nm,其中含有晶粒尺寸约为4.7nm的细粒,比表面积高达180m2/g,与无油酸修饰的纳米TiO2相比,表现出很高的光催化活性。     

Conservation of weathered historic sandstone with biomimetic apatite

The conservation of weathered historic sandstone with apatite was studied.Based on the growth mechanism of bone,calcium and phosphorus were introduced into weathered sandstone and then mineralized at room temperature.The conservation efficiency was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),selected area electron diffraction(SAED),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and compressive strength,capillary water uptake,water vapor permeability and weather resistance tests.The SEM,EDX,TEM,SAED and XRD results showed that the produced hydroxyapatite could reunite the weathered stone blocks and provide sufficient reinforcement to hold them together.The results of the various tests indicated that the compressive strength and weather resistance of the treated samples was improved significantly.In addition,because of the porous nature of apatite,the water vapor permeability of the treated stone was not affected and its breathability was maintained.     

催化裂解法制备大孔径碳纳米管

Ni-Cu-Al催化剂中加入少量碳酸钠,催化裂解甲烷制备了大孔径碳纳米管,碳纳米管的产量为2.4g/g.cat。用这种方法制备的碳纳米管的内径约为20 nm~60 nm,外径约为40 nm~80nm。用扫描电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了碳纳米管的形貌和微结构。分析结果表明:用这种方法制备的碳纳米管不仅内径较大而且石墨化程度较高。碳酸钠的加入引起了甲烷转化率和碳产率的轻微下降。实验结果表明:碳酸钠是一种温和的毒物,它能影响Ni-Cu-Al催化剂的催化活性,导致大孔径碳纳米管的生成。文中还讨论了大孔径碳纳米管的生长机理。     

Preparation and characterization of aligned carbon nanotubes coated with titania nanoparticles

Titania (TiO2) is an environmental-friendly photo- catalyst material with high stability and efficiency, so its preparation methods received extensive atten- tion[1―4], and the products were advanced from dis- persed nano-powder and fastness nano-film[5,…     

Synthesis of Mg2B2O5 whiskers via coprecipitation and sintering process

Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers with high aspect ratio were synthesized by coprecipitation and sintering process using MgCl₂·6H₂O, H₃BO₃, and NaOH as raw materials and KCl as a flux. Their formation process was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). It is found that the products synthesized at 832°C are monoclinic Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers with a diameter of 200?C400 nm and a length of 50?C80 ??m. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses show that the whiskers obtained at 832°C are single crystalline and grow along with the [010] direction. The growth mechanism of Mg₂B₂O₅ whiskers was also presented.     

Zn1-xMnxS 纳米颗粒的制备及发光性质

水热法制备Mn离子掺杂的ZnS(ZnS∶Mn)纳米颗粒,研究不同比例掺杂Mn离子对Zn_(1-x)Mn_xS纳米颗粒光致发光性质的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的物相和形貌进行分析表征,结果显示Zn1-xMnxS(x=0、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.10)为六方纤锌矿结构的球形纳米晶,晶粒大小均匀,粒径在15~20nm之间.室温下,用350nm波长的紫外光激发Zn1-xMnxS纳米粒子,可以得到浅施主能级与锰t2能级之间的跃迁产生的蓝色发光,发光强度随锰掺杂量的增大先增强后减弱,发射峰位随锰掺杂量的变化有一定移动.究其原因可能与硫空位有关,硫空位影响ZnS的浅施主能级,锌锰比对硫空位的数量和能级位置有一定影响.     

纳米CeO2粉体的合成及结构表征

以三氯化铈(Ⅲ)为原料,氢氧化钠为矿化剂,通过水热法制备了形貌可控的CeO2粉体.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成的样品进行物相和形貌分析.同时,实验还研究了水热反应条件对产物形貌和粒度分布的影响.XRD测试结果表明,通过水热法在温度为120℃条件下,反应6h即可得到纳米粒子,且随着时间的延长其晶粒变大,而表面活化剂CTAB的加入对纳米粒子的影响不大.SEM和TEM图显示表明,在120℃下,反应120h得到的CeO2为纳米立方体颗粒,其粒径为(10-50) nm.