293～347 K温度区间二甲醚饱和蒸气压的实验研究

为了给二甲醚作为替代燃料和制冷剂的研究提供基本物性数据 ,对 2 93 7762～ 3 47 464 3K温度区间的二甲醚饱和蒸气压进行了测量 ,其中实验结果的温度不确定度小于± 2mK ,压力不确定度小于± 0 7kPa .同时 ,利用获得的实验数据拟合了一个新的Wagner型二甲醚饱和蒸气压方程 ,新方程与实验结果的平均偏差为 0 0 2 3 % ,最大偏差为 0 0 96% ,适用温度范围为 2 93～ 40 0K .     

甲基叔丁醚的饱和液相黏度的实验研究

利用改进型的乌别洛特毛细管黏度计,对268.123~373.131 K温度区间内的甲基叔丁醚的饱和液相黏度进行了实验研究.温度测量的不确定度小于±10 mK,黏度测量结果的不确定度小于±2%.利用实验得到的黏度实验数据,拟合了甲基叔丁醚饱和液相的黏度方程,方程的适用范围为268~373 K,实验数据与黏度方程计算值的最大偏差为1.3%,平均偏差为0.52%,为其他研究人员利用甲基叔丁醚提供了基础的物性数据.     

碳酸二甲酯饱和液体粘度的实验研究

为将碳酸二甲酯作为替代清洁燃料的研究提供基本物性数据，使用改型的乌别洛特毛细管粘度计对283.273～383.104K温度区间的碳酸二甲酯饱和液体粘度进行了实验研究，并利用实验得到的饱和液体粘度实验数据，拟合了碳酸二甲酯饱和液体的粘度方程。实验结果表明，粘度测量结果的不确定度小于3．0％，实验数据与粘度方程的最大偏差为2．10％，平均偏差为0．58%。     

柴油/碳酸二甲酯混合物液相导热系数的实验研究

在单热线法导热系数测量装置的研制基础上,对质量比分别为95∶5、90∶10和85∶15的柴油/碳酸二甲酯混合物的导热系数进行了实验研究,实验的温度区间为280～375K,实验结果在包含因子k等于2时的最大相对扩展不确定度为2 0%,利用实验数据拟合得到了柴油和碳酸二甲酯液体混合物的Flippov型、Jamieson型和陈则韶型导热系数推算方程,3种推算方程与实验数据的偏差均小于±0 9%,可以很好地用于目前正在进行的清洁燃料汽车研究.     

气液饱和溶液黏度实验系统及其性能测试

针对目前国内外对气-液达到平衡状态时其饱和液相黏度实验研究非常少的现状,将相平衡装置与双毛细管法黏度测量装置进行集成,搭建了一套可以用于测量气液饱和溶液黏度的实验系统。通过对纯质乙醇、正庚烷以及离子液体[Hmim][Tf_2N]等的黏度进行测试并与文献值对比,得到3种物质的实验值与文献值的绝对平均偏差分别为1.13%、0.89%和2.15%。在此基础上,测量得到了温度为298.15、323.15和343.15 K时含饱和制冷剂R134a的离子液体[Hmim][Tf_2N]在不同压力、不同溶解度时的黏度实验数据,并将实验数据拟合成温度和组分的多项式形式。通过与方程计算结果进行对比分析,得到实验值与多项式计算值的绝对平均偏差为1.42%,最大偏差为2.86%,验证了文中搭建的气液饱和溶液黏度实验系统的可靠性,可为进一步开展相关研究奠定基础。     

二甲醚热物理性质的研究

对二甲醚热物理性质的研究现状进行了详细分析,同时对西安交通大学在二甲醚热物理性质,包括临界参数、饱和气液相密度、饱和蒸气压、标准沸点、偏心因子、气相PVT性质、维里系数、表面张力、饱和液相粘度等方面的研究进展进行总结和分析,提供了相关的计算方程.其中饱和液相和气相密度方程的温度适用范围为301～400K,计算的不确定度小于0 35%和4 83%,饱和蒸气压方程的温度适用范围为233～400K,计算的不确定度小于0 1%,气相PVT方程的适用温度范围为298～353K,计算的不确定度小于0 5%,表面张力方程的适用温度范围为213～368K,计算的不确定度小于0 2mN·m-1,粘度方程的适用温度范围为227～343K,计算的不确定度小于2 0%,为其他研究人员今后从事二甲醚的应用研究提供了急需的基础热物性数据.     

二甲醚介电常数随温度变化特性及应用研究

为了精确获得某温度下二甲醚液体的质量,研究二甲醚静态介电常数随温度的变化行为,对273K至323K温度区间二甲醚饱和液体和饱和蒸汽进行了测量。实验结果表明,二甲醚静态介电常数大小随温度存在反相关的变化规律,利用获得的实验数据拟合得到在不同温度下二甲醚液体的介电常数变化曲线。二甲醚饱和蒸汽在温度区间277.5K~318K下,介电常数较大且几乎无变化。在圆柱形电容式传感器模型中进行二甲醚液体液位测量的实验验证,实验计算值与实际观测值之间的误差分布在3.7%~6.5%。应用实验结果,借鉴二甲醚饱和蒸汽与饱和液体密度与温度之间的关系数据,便可精确求出在某温度下二甲醚液体的质量。文中的研究成果对二甲醚工业燃料的应用与控制起到基础性作用。     

高精度流体PVTx性质测量实验系统的研制

在对国内外现有流体PVTx性质实验系统分析研究的基础上,结合一些最新的温度、压力及计算机自动测量等技术,研制了一套新的高精度流体PVTx性质实验系统.通过对系统的误差分析表明:新实验系统的温度测量不确定度小于±2mK,压力测量不确定度小于±0 7kPa.利用新的实验系统,对294～353K温度区间的HFC152a饱和蒸气压进行了研究.实验结果表明,HFC152a的测量值与公认文献值的平均偏差小于0 011%,最大偏差小于0 037%.     

高精度溶解度实验系统的研制与验证

研制了一套高精度制冷工质溶解度实验系统,由自行开发的测控软件进行计算机实时测控.实验系统包括高精度温度测量系统(在253.15~363.15 K范围内,测量的不确定度小于±14mK),高精度压力测量系统(在0~3.5 MPa范围内,测量的不确定度小于±1.6 kPa),高精度恒温水浴(293.15~363.15 K),高精度恒温酒精浴(253.15~293.15 K),真空及配气系统等.对283.15~348.15 K温度范围内HFC-134a的饱和蒸气压进行了测量,并与标准值进行了比较,测量的平均偏差为0.54%.用此装置对制冷剂R22在吸收剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的溶解度进行了实验研究,并同文献提供的数据进行对比,结果表明该实验系统具有较高的精度.     

振动盘黏度计的改进及R152a气相黏度实验研究

在对已有的振动盘黏度计改进的基础上，利用高纯氮气对改进后的实验装置进行了标定．为了检验装置的可靠性，测量了温度为300K、压力为0．1～4．5MPa时的氩气黏度，实验结果与标准值的最大偏差为0．879／6，平均偏差为0．37％．用此装置对制冷剂R152a在温度范围为300～346K、压力范围为0．1～1．0MPa时的气相黏度进行了实验研究，并利用所得实验数据拟合得到了R152a的气相黏度方程，方程计算值与实验数据的最大偏差为0．37％，平均偏差为0．11％，可以满足其他研究和工程应用的需要．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the