Effect of Coordinate Bond in Molecular Recognition of Enrofloxacin with Imprinted Polymers

1 Results Molecular imprinting is a technique for the preparation of functional materials with molecular recognition properties.Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) have become an increasingly active field of study for the construction of new material capable of molecular recognition.In general,MIPs are synthesized by polymerization of cross-linking complexes of template molecules and functional monomers.After removing the template molecules from de polymers,binding sites are formed by functional monomer...     

Controlling molecular deposition and layer structure with supramolecular surface assemblies

Selective non-covalent interactions have been widely exploited in solution-based chemistry to direct the assembly of molecules into nanometre-sized functional structures such as capsules, switches and prototype machines. More recently, the concepts of supramolecular organization have also been applied to two-dimensional assemblies on surfaces stabilized by hydrogen bonding, dipolar coupling or metal co-ordination. Structures realized to date include isolated rows, clusters and extended networks, as well as more complex multi-component arrangements. Another approach to controlling surface structures uses adsorbed molecular monolayers to create preferential binding sites that accommodate individual target molecules. Here we combine these approaches, by using hydrogen bonding to guide the assembly of two types of molecules into a two-dimensional open honeycomb network that then controls and templates new surface phases formed by subsequently deposited fullerene molecules. We find that the open network acts as a two-dimensional array of large pores of sufficient capacity to accommodate several large guest molecules, with the network itself also serving as a template for the formation of a fullerene layer.     

Synthetic hosts by monomolecular imprinting inside dendrimers

Synthetic host systems capable of selectively binding guest molecules are of interest for applications ranging from separations and chemical or biological sensing to the development of biomedical materials. Such host systems can be efficiently prepared by 'imprinting' polymers or inorganic materials with template molecules, which, upon removal, leave behind spatially arranged functional groups that act as recognition sites. However, molecularly imprinted polymers have limitations, including incomplete template removal, broad guest affinities and selectivities, and slow mass transfer. An alternative strategy for moulding desired recognition sites uses combinatorial libraries of assemblies that are made of a relatively small number of molecules, interconverting in dynamic equilibrium; upon addition of a target molecule, the library equilibrium shifts towards the best hosts. Here we describe the dynamic imprinting of dendritic macromolecules with porphyrin templates to yield synthetic host molecules containing one binding site each. The process is based on our general strategy to prepare cored dendrimers, and involves covalent attachment of dendrons to a porphyrin core, cross-linking of the end-groups of the dendrons, and removal of the porphyrin template by hydrolysis. In contrast to more traditional polymer imprinting, our approach ensures nearly homogeneous binding sites and quantitative template removal. Moreover, the hosts are soluble in common organic solvents and amenable to the incorporation of other functional groups, which should facilitate further development of this system for novel applications.     

SAPO-34分子筛的合成及其对甲醇制低碳烯烃反应的催化性能

制备具有适宜酸性能和最佳物理性质的催化剂是甲醇制低碳烯烃(MTO)工艺的关键。采用水热晶化法,考察了不同模板剂、模板剂用量、pH、晶化时间和温度等因素对SAPO-34分子筛制备的影响,并采用XRD、SEM、BET和NH3-TPD等方法进行表征,从而考察分子筛结构、表面酸性等性质对分子筛催化剂在MTO反应中的催化性能的影响。结果表明:四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)为合成SAPO-34的最佳模板剂,与二乙胺相比,TEAOH制得的SAPO-34比表面积大(400 m2/g),呈立方晶形,颗粒尺寸较小且分布均匀,具有比例适宜的强、弱酸中心;而以二乙胺为模板剂合成的SAPO-34具有较多的强酸中心,酸性较强。采用TEAOH为模板剂,当n(TEAOH)∶n(Al2O3)为2.02~1.35时,减少模板剂用量,合成产物仍为SAPO-34,相对结晶度减小;当n(TEAOH)∶n(Al2O3)为1.35~1.01时,减少模板剂用量会导致SAPO-5与SAPO-34共生。直接、快速的升温过程不利于晶粒的成长;先升温至90~150℃并维持这一温度,待过渡相态稳定后再继续升温至170~250℃晶化,有利于得到更高结晶度的SAPO-34晶体,此时SAPO-34分子筛在MTO反应中显示了最优的催化性能,甲醇转化率100%,对低碳烯烃的选择性为83.40%,活性时间为220 min。     

Competition for antigen presentation in living cells involves exchange of peptides bound by class II MHC molecules

T cells recognize foreign proteins as peptides bound to self molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The kinetics of interaction between purified class II MHC molecules and peptides is unusual, in that the rate of association is very slow, but once formed, the complexes are extremely stable. This raises the question of how the antigen-presenting cell provides a sufficient number of free MHC binding sites to ensure T cell immunity. We present results suggesting that an exchange of peptide in MHC binding sites may take place under physiological conditions.     

敌百虫分子印迹聚合物的合成及其性能

采用分子印迹技术,以壳聚糖为聚合物基体.敌百虫为模板分子,制备在空间结构和结合位点上与敌百虫匹配的分子印迹聚合物.研究该聚合物的合成条件,包括壳聚糖与敌百虫的作用力.以及交联、洗脱条件.测定分子印迹聚合物对敌百虫的吸附和选择识别能力,并对其结构进行表征.结果表明,所合成的分子印迹聚合物对敌百虫具有良好的吸附和选择识别能力,其中对结构类似的氧化乐果的分离系数达到3.57.     

Template-imprinted nanostructured surfaces for protein recognition

Synthetic materials capable of selectively recognizing proteins are important in separations, biosensors and the development of biomedical materials. The technique of molecular imprinting creates specific recognition sites in polymers by using template molecules. Molecular recognition is attributed to binding sites that complement molecules in size, shape and chemical functionality. But attempts to imprint proteins have met with only limited success. Here we report a method for imprinting surfaces with protein-recognition sites. We use radio-frequency glow-discharge plasma deposition to form polymeric thin films around proteins coated with disaccharide molecules. The disaccharides become covalently attached to the polymer film, creating polysaccharide-like cavities that exhibit highly selective recognition for a variety of template proteins, including albumin, immunoglobulin G, lysozyme, ribonuclease and streptavidin. Direct imaging of template recognition is achieved by patterning a surface at the micrometre scale with imprinted regions.     

Direct binding of influenza peptides to class I HLA molecules

Activation of T lymphocytes requires the intracellular fragmentation of foreign antigens and their presentation by class I or class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoproteins. The direct binding of peptides to class II molecules has been demonstrated using equilibrium dialysis, gel filtration and fluorescence energy transfer at planar membranes, and its specificity compared to that of T-cell activation. In contrast, direct binding of peptides to class I molecules has been difficult to detect; although peptide sensitization experiments and the crystallographic structure of HLA-A2 (ref. 9) persuasively argue for its occurrence and importance. Here we describe a gel filtration assay from which we derive direct evidence for selective binding of an influenza matrix peptide to HLA-A2 and for binding of an influenza nucleoprotein peptide to HLA-B37. These two peptides have previously been shown to act respectively as targets for certain HLA-A2 or HLA-B37 restricted influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In addition we demonstrate binding to some, but not all, HLA allospecificities that cannot present these peptides to CTL. We estimate that less than 0.3% of the HLA molecules present in any given purified preparation were able to bind the added peptides.     

FOCl与（H2O）n（n=1～4）分子间相互作用的理论研究

采用wB97XD／6—311＋＋G（3df,2p）方法,对FOCl与H2O形成的复合物FOCI·（H2O）n（n=1～4）的分子结构和结合能进行了研究．结果表明,FOCl与H2O形成的复合物中既存在氢键,也存在氢键,结合能随着H2O分子数目n的增大而逐渐增加．自然键轨道（NBO）分析表明,结合能主要由强的O—H…O氢键和强的O-Cl…O卤键所贡献．由自然键轨道分析揭示了FOCl与（H2O）（n=1～4）相互作用的本质.     

A nucleoprotein peptide of influenza A virus stimulates assembly of HLA-B27 class I heavy chains and beta 2-microglobulin translated in vitro

Most cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize epitopes of foreign viral proteins in association with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Viral proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm require intracellular fragmentation and exposure to the class I antigens for the development of CTL responses. Although indirect evidence for binding of peptides to class I antigens has accumulated, direct binding has only been shown recently. The formation of complexes between peptide and class I antigen may occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and peptides have been shown to induce assembly of the class I complex. We have translated the messenger RNAs encoding HLA-B27 (subtype 2705) and beta 2-microglobulin in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate supplemented with human microsomal membranes (to mimic ER membranes), in the absence and presence of a peptide derived from the nucleoprotein (residues 384-394) of influenza A virus. This peptide induces CTL activity against target cells expressing the HLA-B27 antigen. Here we report direct evidence that the nucleoprotein peptide promotes assembly of the HLA-B27 heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin, and that this can occur in the ER immediately after synthesis of the two proteins.     

Polymerization within a molecular-scale stereoregular template

Enzymes efficiently synthesize biopolymers by organizing monomer units within regularly structured molecular-scale spaces and exploiting weak non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, to control the polymerization process. This 'template' approach is both attractive and challenging for synthetic polymer synthesis, where structurally regulated molecular-scale spaces could in principle provide solid-phase reaction sites for precision polymerization. Previously, free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in solutions containing stereoregular isotactic (it) or syndiotactic (st) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been shown to result in template synthesis of the opposite PMMA based on stereocomplex formation with van der Waals interactions. However, using the structure of a solid to determine the stereochemical structure of a polymer has not been satisfactorily achieved. Here we show that macromolecularly porous ultrathin films, fabricated by a single assembly step, can be used for the highly efficient stereoregular template polymerization of methacrylates through stereocomplex formation. This reaction mould accurately transfers its structural properties of stereoregularity, molecular weight and organization within the template to the new polymer.     

激光分子束外延法制备Fe纳米阵列结构

采用阳极氧化铝箔的方法制备了孔径分布均匀的阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板,然后通过激光分子束外延(LMBE)的方法在这些孔洞里生长有序铁纳米阵列,根据控制生长的条件,生长出纳米线、纳米管,以及高度有序的量子点阵列,甚至得到纳米复制的新的复形模板.实验发现,虽然LMBE系统本身的高度可控性是这些不同类型的有序纳米阵列的前提,但不同材料在模板纳米孔洞里的不同生长趋向以及生长模式是探索可控生长的决定因素.这些可控参数的深入探讨为纳米阵列材料在微器件和纳米复制领域将有更直接的实际意义.     

Excess beta 2 microglobulin promoting functional peptide association with purified soluble class I MHC molecules

T lymphocytes expressing alpha beta receptors recognize antigenic peptide fragments bound to major histocompatibility complex class I or class II molecules present on the surface membranes of other cells. Peptide fragments are present in the two available HLA crystal structures and recent data indicate that peptide is required for the stable folding of the class I heavy chain and maintenance of its association with the class I light chain, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), at physiological temperature. To explain how the exogenous peptide used to create targets for cytotoxic cells bearing CD8 antigen could associate with apparently peptide-filled extracellular class I molecules, we hypothesized that stable binding of exogenous peptide to mature class I molecules reflects either the replacement of previously bound peptide during the well documented beta 2m exchange process or the loading of 'empty' class I heavy chains dependent on the availability of excess beta 2m. In either case, free beta 2m should enhance peptide/class I binding. Using either isolated soluble class I molecules or living cells, we show here that free purified beta 2m markedly augments the generation of antigenic complexes capable of T-cell stimulation.     

酞菁配合物的合成及在肿瘤诊断与治疗中的研究进展

由于酞菁(Pc)配合物具有大的共轭体系,在催化、光电转换以及生物医学领域均具有广泛的应用.Pc配合物的合成主要包括:插入配位合成方法、直接取代合成法、模板反应合成法.Pc配合物在肿瘤诊断与治疗领域的应用主要包括光声成像(PAI)、磁共振成像(MRI)、光动力治疗(PDT)以及光热治疗(PTT)等.综述了Pc配合物的合成和在肿瘤诊断与治疗领域的最新研究进展.     

Peptide binding to class I MHC on living cells and quantitation of complexes required for CTL lysis

Antigenic peptides are presented to CD8+T lymphocytes by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Peptides specifically bind to purified class I molecules in vitro, and to class I molecules on cells at nonphysiological temperatures. We report here the kinetic and equilibrium parameters for the binding of radiolabelled influenza nucleoprotein peptides (NP-Y365-380 and shorter homologues) to the murine H-2Db molecule on intact, viable cells at 37 degrees C. In contrast to earlier reports, we show that peptide binding is rapid and reversible, with dissociation constants ranging from nanomolar to micromolar, suggestive of typical ligand-receptor interactions. Only 10% of cell-surface Db molecules can bind these peptides. To address the relationship between peptide binding and T-cell recognition of the antigen-MHC complex, we determined the minimum number of complexes required to sensitize a target cell for lysis by class I-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Our data indicate that EL4 thymoma cells (H-2b) can be sensitized for lysis by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes when as few as 200 class I-peptide complexes (less than 0.08% of surface Db molecules) are present per cell.     

微孔晶体合成反应数据库的数据挖掘研究

采用数据挖掘中的查询和决策树技术对吉林大学无机合成与制备化学国家重点实验室建立的微孔晶体合成反应数据库进行了数据挖掘研究，针对微孔磷酸铝和硅铝酸盐两类合成反应体系，通过数据挖掘找出模板剂的参数特征，预测出适用于合成十二元环和十元环微孔磷酸铝和硅铝酸盐的分子筛一系列新的有机胺模板剂，采用分子力学方法计算了预测的有机胺模板剂与分子筛骨架的作用能，根据计算结果，最后确定有望成为合成这些特定结构分子筛的新模板剂，针对十二元环磷酸铝AlPO4-5的合成，根据数据挖掘的结果，安排了合成实验，结果采用预测的二乙醇胺作新的模板剂首次合成出了很好的AlPO4-5晶体，为定向合成研究探索了新的途径。     

Physical association between MHC class I molecules and immunogenic peptides

Antigenic peptides are presented to T lymphocytes by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The binding of peptides to MHC class II molecules has been demonstrated directly, and is found to correlate with the ability of specific class II alleles to restrict the T-cell response to specific peptides. By comparison, a direct demonstration of a physical association between antigenic peptides and MHC class I molecules has proved difficult. A recent report shows that it is possible, however, and the three-dimensional structure of a class I MHC molecule illustrates the site where such binding must occur. Here we describe a simple assay which measures the binding of radiolabelled MHC class I molecules to peptides bound to a solid phase support. We find that class I molecules bind specifically to peptides known to be antigenic for class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Peptides which are recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes bind not only to the restricting MHC class I molecule but also to other class I molecules. Our results suggest that quantitative differences in the peptide/MHC class I interaction may influence the-pattern of MHC restriction observed in vivo.     

半随机单引物PCR扩增产物的特异性研究

以Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９为模板,寡核苷酸“１２２４”为引物,进行半随机单引物ＰＣＲ扩增;分析其扩增产物的限制性内切酶酶切图谱,推定它们分别在Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９序列中的确切位置;证实引物“１２２４”的３端与模板Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９负链的互补结合,至少需有连续的４上个核苷酸,才能产生单引物ＰＣＲ扩增的模板分子,进行有效的ＰＣＲ扩增,并由此决定了扩增产物中各ＤＮＡ片段的大小及其在模板ＤＮＡ序列中的特定位置。     

用分子复制法制备具有分子识别功能的高分子膜

将分子复制法应用于功能性高分子膜的制备中，以1，3－二甲基黄嘌呤（茶碱，THO）为模板分子，含有成膜骨干残基和功能残基的丙烯腈－丙烯酸的共聚物为膜材料，用相转化沉淀法制备了具有THO分子识别功能的高分子膜，FT－IR及NMR测试结果表明：制备的高分子膜中，THO模板分子和膜中的丙烯酸功能残基存在着氢键键合作用。大量的极性醋酸水溶液可抽出膜中的模板分子。THO溶液和与模板分子具有相似结构的1，3，7－三甲基黄嘌呤(咖啡因，CAF）溶液的基质透过实验结果：进入膜结构中THO分子的量远大于CAF分子，这表明制备的高分子膜具有THO分子识别功能。实验结果还表明：进入膜结构中THO分子的量与相转化沉淀法制膜时乔膜液中模板分子的添加量成正比。     

Binding of labelled influenza matrix peptide to HLA DR in living B lymphoid cells

T cells recognize protein antigens as fragments (peptides) held in a defined binding site of class I or class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. The formation of complexes between various immunologically active peptides and different MHC molecules has been demonstrated directly in binding studies between the peptides and solubilized, purified molecules of class II MHC. Studies with intact cells, living or fixed, have not directly demonstrated the binding of the peptides to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells, but the formation of such complexes has been shown indirectly through the capacity of antigen-presenting cells to stimulate specific T cells. Here we report evidence that supports directly the binding of radiolabelled influenza matrix peptide 17-29 to products of the human class II MHC locus HLA-DR, on living homozygous B-cell lines, and we show that the kinetics of such binding is much faster with living cells than with fixed cells. Furthermore, whereas the peptide reacts with HLA-DR molecules of all alleles, it binds preferentially to DR1, the restricting element in antigen presentation.