四川盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组中鞍形白云石的去白云化作用

对四川盆地西部的中二叠统栖霞组白云岩进行岩石学观察,发现遭受了去白云化作用的白云石尤其是鞍形白云石中的去白云化作用.栖霞组白云岩中发生去白云化作用的岩石学证据包括:(1)破损的白云石晶体边界;(2)方解石胶结物中呈“漂浮状”的白云石晶体的碎片;(3)白云石晶体中的不规则方解石斑块;(4)大部分或完全被方解石所交代的白云石晶体假象.去白云化作用由方解石对白云石的等摩尔交代过程和白云石先溶解后由方解石就地沉淀的过程综合作用,可以跨组构或不跨组构发生.促进去白云化作用发生的流体通道可以分为孔、洞等先存的流体通道以及后生的裂缝.裂缝可以由不同机制产生,还会对先存流体通道进行改造.去白云化作用发生在埋藏环境.     

塔里木盆地巴楚地区石炭系层序地层学特征

对岩芯进行观察与描述,对测井曲线与岩性的岩-电关系进行对比,对地震反射特征进行研究,并采用层序地层学对连井剖面进行对比。研究结果表明:研究区石炭纪地层内反映海平面变化的地层旋回性十分清楚;按层序划分的基本原则,在石炭纪地层中可识别出6个层序边界,相应地划分出5个层序,其中至少有2个Ⅰ型层序;在Ⅰ型层序内部,低位体系域发育较差,主要为侵蚀沟谷充填体系及山前的扇体系;海侵体系域以碳酸盐岩沉积为主;而高位体系域则表现为西南以碳酸盐岩为主,向东北则逐渐过渡为广泛的碎屑潮坪或沼泽;自生屑灰岩段沉积时开始,巴楚地区西南缘构造沉降速率明显加快,沉积厚度加大,碳酸盐岩的含量也相应增加。     

塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩碳氧稳定同位素地球化学特征

中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层是塔里木盆地塔中地区的主要油气产层.利用碳氧稳定同位素的分布特征和变化规律,可分析影响碳酸盐岩沉积环境和成岩作用的因素.中-下奥陶统的碳酸盐岩可在垂向上把δ13C和δ18O值的变化趋势划分为三段,二者的变化趋势是一致的.中-上奥陶统岩层碳氧稳定同位素比值明显下降,证明中-下奥陶统经历过一次短暂的抬升暴露和随后的大面积海水加深淹没事件.海水淹没时期,大量C转到海水之中,海水中沉淀出的碳酸盐岩的δ13C值相对较低.     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin,west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles: continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried. Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built: that evolved fast in early stage, evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes, which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles continuous subsldence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried.Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built that evolved fast in early stage,evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes,which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles： continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried. Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built： that evolved fast in early stage, evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes, which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

对塔里木盆地佛教初传的思考

从古代印度传入西域的佛教远比它在中原地区传入的时间早,对于西域佛教首传的两个重要地区—于阗和疏勒,至今仍有争议,但是佛教初传塔里木盆地却是属实,由于自然、地理、政治、经济发展等方面的因素,佛教在塔里木盆地的首传被蒙上了神秘的面纱。究竟哪里是佛教传入的第一站众说纷纭。本文从大量的典籍中另辟蹊径推论出一些新的看法以释疑,望能从中探出一些端倪来。     

Historical evolution and the effects of ecological management in Tarim Basin,China

The Tarim Basin, in northwestern China, is the largest continental basin in the world, and hosts desert landscapes as well as extensive oasis agriculture. Many horticultural products come from this basin. However, since the 1950s, frequent river flow interruptions have occurred in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Thus, the natural ecology of the basin has undergone significant changes because of recent human economic and social activities. In particular, water resource development and utilization along with climate changes have had a significant impact on the area. To prevent further deterioration of the environment, the Central Government implemented a water conveyance project in 2000. Based on this project, Chinese scientists, together with those from overseas, have conducted extensive research on the historical evolution of the area, and the physiological and ecological responses of the natural vegetation around the Tarim Desert Highway. Progress has been made in the areas of environmental protection and ecological conservation.     

Osmium isotopic constraints on the nature of the DUPAL anomaly from Indian mid-ocean-ridge basalts

The isotopic compositions of mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORB) from the Indian Ocean have led to the identification of a large-scale isotopic anomaly relative to Pacific and Atlantic ocean MORB. Constraining the origin of this so-called DUPAL anomaly may lead to a better understanding of the genesis of upper-mantle heterogeneity. Previous isotopic studies have proposed recycling of ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle or sediments with oceanic crust to be responsible for the DUPAL signature. Here we report Os, Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of Indian MORB from the Central Indian ridge, the Rodriguez triple junction and the South West Indian ridge. All measured samples have higher (187)Os/(188)Os ratios than the depleted upper-mantle value and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions that imply the involvement of at least two distinct enriched components in the Indian upper-mantle. Using isotopic and geodynamical arguments, we reject both subcontinental lithospheric mantle and recycled sediments with oceanic crust as the cause of the DUPAL anomaly. Instead, we argue that delamination of lower continental crust may explain the DUPAL isotopic signature of Indian MORB.     

塔东北孔雀河地区天然气来源分析

孔雀河地区经历了复杂的构造变动和演化,地质条件非常复杂,对油气成藏条件特别是油气成因一直存在着争议.通过目前已发现的天然气藏的天然气组成特征分析、氮气成因分析、气体碳同位素分析等,探讨了孔雀河地区各个区带重点探井天然气成因.孔雀河地区天然气的甲烷、乙烷同位素组成具有典型的腐泥型天然气同位素组成特点,推算的天然气源岩的Ro值与寒武系和下奥陶统源岩Ro值大致相等,天然气形成温度大于190℃,综合分析认为孔雀河地区天然气主要是来自下古生界寒武系-下奥陶统原油高温裂解气.     

Accumulation process and model for the Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area,the Tarim Basin

The Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area, a type of dissolved fracture and cavernous reservoir, is mainly composed of heavy oil. The oil is the mixture sourcing from the Middle-Lower Cambrian and Middle-Lower Ordovician, with three stages of pool forming process: (1) the destruction and parallel migration/accumulation during the late Caledonian to early Hercynian; (2) the oil and gas accumulation during the late Hercynian characterized by adjustment upward along faults and parallel migration/accumulation; (3) the formation of heavy oil during the latest Hercynian. The Ordovician buried hill reservoir is affected by the diffusion of light oil and gas but had no hydrocarbon charging during the late Yanshan period to Himalayan period, but in this period, formed the association of heavy oil and dissolved gas cracked from crude oil with dry coefficient of 0.91-0.96. The study on accumulation process of the Ordovician buried hill reservoir has important implications for the exploration potential of early oil and gas accumulation in the cratonic area of the Tarim Basin.     

Accumulation process and model for the Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area, the Tarim Basin

The Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area, a type of dissolved fracture and cavernous reservoir, is mainly composed of heavy oil. The oil is the mixture sourcing from the Middle-Lower Cambrian and Middle-Lower Ordovician, with three stages of pool forming process： （1） the destruction and parallel migration/accumulation during the late Caledonian to early Hercynian; （2） the oil and gas accumulation during the late Hercynian characterized by adjustment upward along faults and parallel migration/accumulation; （3） the formation of heavy oil during the latest Hercynian. The Ordovician buried hill reservoir is affected by the diffusion of light oil and gas but had no hydrocarbon charging during the late Yanshan period to Himalayan period, but in this period, formed the association of heavy oil and dissolved gas cracked from crude oil with dry coefficient of 0.91-0.96. The study on accumulation process of the Ordovician buried hill reservoir has important implications for the exploration potential of early oil and gas accumulation in the cratonic area of the Tarim Basin.     

Hydrocarbon charging histories of the Ordovician reservoir in the Tahe oil field, Tarim Basin, China

The Ordovician reservoir of the Tahe oil field went through many tectonic reconstructions, and was characterized by multiple hydrocarbon chargings. The aim of this study was to unravel the complex charging histories. Systematic analysis of fluid inclusions was employed to complete the investigation. Fluorescence observation of oil inclusions under UV light, and microthermometry of both oil and aqueous inclusions in 105 core samples taken from the Ordovician reservoir indicated that the Ordovician reservoir underwent four oil chargings and a gas charging. The hydrocarbon chargings occurred at the late Hercynian, the Indo-Sinian and Yanshan, the early Himalaya, the middle Himalaya, and the late Himalaya,respectively. The critical hydrocarbon charging time was at the late Hercynian.     

塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征

塔里木盆地塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层主要发育于奥陶系,油气储量丰富,对其油气藏的研究表明,奥陶系碳酸盐岩的主要油源区为南东方向的满加尔寒武—奥陶系生油坳陷,其生成的多期次油气通过断裂、储层、不整合面持续向北部凸起之上的奥陶系储层运移聚集.同时多期次的运聚与成藏造成了油气在平面上分布具有北东密度大、南西密度小的特点.塔河油田碳酸盐岩孔、洞、缝3种储集空间组合构成裂缝型、孔洞-裂缝型、裂缝-孔洞型和生物礁(滩)相孔隙型储层,为油气聚集提供了良好的储集空间.海西期的构造活动使得裂缝发育,同时为岩溶发育提供通道,并进一步改善了早期缝洞的连通性.石炭系卡拉沙依组及巴楚组泥岩作为良好的区域盖层为油气保存提供了必要条件.     

塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡石炭系生屑灰岩段储层特征研究

通过扫描电镜、铸体薄片、普通薄片、压汞曲线以及孔隙度和渗透率资料的分析,详细研究了生屑灰岩段的储层特征,主要包括岩石学特征、孔隙结构、储集空间、储层物性特征等。该区储层虽然埋藏较深,并且经历早期压实作用和胶结作用等使原生孔隙遭受严重破坏,但经过后期溶蚀作用和白云石化作用等(尤其是白云石化作用)成岩作用的改造使次生孔隙非常发育,具备很好的储集油气的能力,为Ⅱ类储层。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷侏罗系恰克马克组叠层石及其环境意义

详细研究了库车坳陷卡普沙良河剖面恰克马克组叠层石的形态及内部构造、微量元素、氧碳同位素特征。指出该叠层石的形成环境为咸水湖盆。从恰克马克组沉积为湖盆扩张期这一事实出发，认为叠层石的发育与干盐湖无关，而可以作为海泛存在的证据。     

新疆塔里木盆地晚奥陶世-早石炭世

首次系统应用化学-生物地层学对长期遗留的、严重阻碍了油气勘探开发步伐的塔里木盆地重大疑难地层问题:晚奥陶世-志留纪-泥盆纪-早石炭世地层划分对比和东河砂岩时代等进行了综合研究,厘定了几条重要的相关地层界线,并将东河砂岩的时代确定为泥盆纪晚泥盆世弗拉斯期.这些研究成果表明,化学-生物地层学对高分辨率地层划分对比、尤其是对在化石缺乏地区和层段进行地层划分对比工作有重要的意义和实用价值.     

塔北轮南古隆起石炭系砂泥岩段沉积相特征

塔北轮南古隆起于加里东中—晚期形成凸起,海西早期受区域性挤压抬升形成向西南倾伏的北东向展布的大型鼻凸,在长期的抬升暴露风化剥蚀过程中形成轮南古潜山.根据区域地质背景和地层沉积特征(岩性、沉积构造等)研究,结合现场已有的构造解释、地震、油气显示、测试等各种资料,利用单因素分析法,划分了三角洲-泻湖-潮坪沉积相,其中以泻湖-潮坪沉积相占优势,建立了其沉积模式,对沉积相纵横向展布进行了对比,分析了沉积相平面上的分布规律.